PREVIOUS ISSUES

Volume-VI

, Issue-I

(WINTER 2021)

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01 - Promoting Student's Awareness about Peace Education at University Level through

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2021(VI-I).01
10.31703/grr.2021(VI-I).01      Published : Mar 2021

Abstract

    This current paper investigated the perceptions and views of university students of the Active Citizenship Program at the BS level. Public sector universities that were offering a course of active citizenship program according to purposive sampling and were five in number. By using the Purposive sampling technique, 150 students of the 4th semesters, 75 participants and 75 non-participants of the A... Details

    Peace Education, Active Citizenship, Students Awareness

    (1) Sayeda Tatheer Zainab
    MPhil Scholar, Department of Education, Fatima Jinnah Women University, Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan.
    (2) Ishrat Siddiqa Lodhi
    Assistant Professor, Department of Education, Fatima Jinnah Women University, Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan.
    (3) Safura Fatima
    MPhil Scholar, Department of Education, National College of Business Administration & Economics Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan.
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02 - Exploring the Interconnection between Native American Land/Environment and Women

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2021(VI-I).02
10.31703/grr.2021(VI-I).02      Published : Mar 2021

Abstract

    This article explores the relationship between Native American lands/environment and the women from ecocritical /ecofeminist perspectives. It has been postulated that while the Euro- American accounts of the history, culture, indigenous women and their relation with nature/land project stereotypical, negative images, Louise Erdrich, through the employment of hybrid narrative techniques combining E... Details

    Ecocriticism, Ecofeminism, Land, Environment, Subjectivity

    (1) Mumtaz Ahmad
    Assistant Professor/Principal, Government Guru Nanak Postgraduate College, Nankana Sahib, Punjab, Pakistan.
    (2) Amara Javed
    Assistant Professor, Department of English, Government College Woman University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan.
    (3) Asim Aqeel
    Assistant Professor, Department of Humanities & Linguistics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan.
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03 - Socio-Cultural Causes of Kala Kali (Honour Killing): A Case of Tehsil Jam Pur

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2021(VI-I).03
10.31703/grr.2021(VI-I).03      Published : Mar 2021

Abstract

    Pakistani rural people have to face many problems under the umbrella of tribal laws and customs. These cultural norms and tribal laws compel the people to kill their wives, sisters, mothers and daughters in the name of so-called "honour". The major objectives of the study were to explore the socio-cultural causes of kali kali (honor killing) and to see the impacts of kala kali on victim's family. ... Details

    Honor Killing, Role of Sardar, Fake Honor Killings, Disrespecting the Respect

    (1) Saima Afzal
    Assistant Professor, Department of Sociology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan.
    (2) Hammad Raza
    Lecturer (Visiting), Institute of Agricultural Extension and Rural Development, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan.
    (3) Adeela Manzoor
    PhD Scholar, Department of Rural Sociology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan.
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04 - Evaluating Unemployment through Grey Incidence Analysis Model: A Study of One Hu

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2021(VI-I).04
10.31703/grr.2021(VI-I).04      Published : Mar 2021

Abstract

    The purpose of the study is to gauge the unemployment level of selected one hundred and thirteen countries. The design of the study includes a survey of the literature, extraction of relevant data and analysis. The study follows a quantitative paradigm of research that uses secondary data set taken from the website of World Development Indicators (WDI). The analysis encompasses selected countries ... Details

    Unemployment, Grey Incidence Analysis Model, GRA, Pakistan

    (1) Abdul Aziz Khan Niazi
    Institute of Business & Management, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
    (2) Tehmina Fiaz Qazi
    Hailey College of Banking and Finance, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
    (3) Abdul Basit
    Lahore Institute of Science & Technology, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
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05 - Democracy and Federalism in Pakistan: An Analysis of PPP Government (2008-2013)

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2021(VI-I).05
10.31703/grr.2021(VI-I).05      Published : Mar 2021

Abstract

    Pakistan adopted a federal democratic system with a parliamentary type of governance. However, the political history of Pakistan reflects a deviation from parliamentary democracy and the least concern towards the institutionalization of its political system. The centralization of power, authoritarianism, the power thirst of political parties and the imbalance of civil-military relations always aff... Details

    Democracy, Federalism, Provincial Autonomy, Women Empowerment, 18th Amendment

    (1) Iltaf Khan
    PhD Scholar, Department of Pakistan Study Center, University of Peshawar, KP, Pakistan.
    (2) Farman Ullah
    Assistant Professor, Department of Pakistan Study Center, University of Peshawar, KP, Pakistan.
    (3) Bakhtiar Khan
    Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science, University of Buner, KP, Pakistan.
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06 - The Relationship between Emotional Intelligence and Moral Stability of the Relig

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2021(VI-I).06
10.31703/grr.2021(VI-I).06      Published : Mar 2021

Abstract

    This research was undertaken to assess the relationship between EI and MS of RE students. The researchers attempted to find out the differences in EI and MS due to different demographic variables such as age groups, marital status, and class. A purposive sampling technique was used for data collection from 200 RE students. The findings revealed that RE students had a moderate level of EI and high ... Details

    Emotional Intelligence (EI), Moral Stability (MS), Religious Education (RE), Students

    (1) Ali Hussain Arif
    National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad, Pakistan
    (2) Muhammad Majid Mahmood Bagram
    Associate Professor, Department of Business Administration, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
    (3) Haider Ali
    National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad, Pakistan.
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07 - From Deconstruction to Reconstruction: Indian and Nigerian Nationalism and Colon

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2021(VI-I).07
10.31703/grr.2021(VI-I).07      Published : Mar 2021

Abstract

    The article converses how the culture and history of the Indians and Nigerians were mutilated by the colonists by creating the adverse stereotypes of the indigenous people as uncivilized whose history and societal ideals were annulled as mock and vicious that required the instructive mediation of the Europeans and, correspondingly how the dramatists of the two said countries interrupt and oust ove... Details

    Badal Sircar, Biculturalism, Culture, Dramaturgy, Imperialism, Rabindranath Tagore, Wole Soyinka

    (1) Amara Khan
    Assistant Professor, Department of English, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
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08 - Humanizing Women in Children Fiction: A Deconstructionist Reading of Girard's Gi

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2021(VI-I).08
10.31703/grr.2021(VI-I).08      Published : Mar 2021

Abstract

    The present study explores how children fiction nuances the socialization of girls and boys in phallogocentric writings and societies. The teen-protagonists in children fiction highlight the prescribed socialization vis-a-vis the gender binary and contest against the overemphasized concept of girlhood and boyhood. The social prescription of how a girl and boy would behave essentializes their role ... Details

    Children Fiction, Deconstruction, Episteme(s), Essentialization, The Eternal Feminine, Feminism

    (1) Sana Sajjad
    MPhil English, Department of English, Government, College University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan.
    (2) Asma Aftab
    Assistant Professor, Department of English, Government, College University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan.
    (3) Nafees Parvez
    PhD Scholar, Department of English, Government, College University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan.
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09 - The Role of Backward Design in Improving Writing skills of Pakistani Undergradua

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2021(VI-I).09
10.31703/grr.2021(VI-I).09      Published : Mar 2021

Abstract

    This study aimed to investigate the role of the backward design approach to improve undergraduate students' writing skills. A limited number of studies have been conducted on this issue internationally; however, this was the first study undertaken in the Pakistani context. The study employed a quantitative approach and quasi-experimental design. The data was collected through a quantitative pre an... Details

    English as a Second Language (ESL), Backward Design (BD), Writing Skills, Undergraduate Students, Pakistan

    (1) Farheen Saeed
    PhD Scholar, Faculty of Education, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
    (2) Fareeha Javed
    Head of TESOL Department, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
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10 - Relationship between Mindfulness and Enabling School Structure in Secondary Scho

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2021(VI-I).10
10.31703/grr.2021(VI-I).10      Published : Mar 2021

Abstract

    This quantitative research was undertaken with the purpose to explore the relationship between enabling school structure (ESS) and mindfulness in secondary school teachers of Punjab. The population for this research study was comprised of 48652 SSTs working in 662 government high schools spread across the province of Punjab. Using a two-stage random sampling technique, 1266 secondary SSTs were sel... Details

    Enabling Structures, Coercive Structures, Enabling School Structure, Faculty Mindfulness, Principal Mindfulness, Mindfulness

    (1) Rizwan Ahmad
    Lecturer, Department of Education, University of Education, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
    (2) Abid Hussain Chaudhry
    Professor and Dean, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
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11 - Investigating Matriarchal Mimicry of Patriarchy in a Pakistani Novel

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2021(VI-I).11
10.31703/grr.2021(VI-I).11      Published : Mar 2021

Abstract

    In an Eastern society, the institution of matrimony is influenced by social, cultural, psychological, emotional, religious and familial influences. Using concepts of "mimicry" and "the Other" under theoretical stances of mimicry by Bhaba (1994) and "the Other" by Simone De Beauvoir (1956), How it Happened (2013) is investigated in this study. These frameworks explicate the violation and suppressio... Details

    Mimicry, The Other, Sexism, Patriarchy, Matriarchy

    (1) Zainab Akram
    Assistant Professor, Department of English, Sardar Bahadur Khan Women University, Quetta, Balochistan, Pakistan.
    (2) Saima Yousaf Khan
    Lecturer, University of Balochistan, Quetta, Balochistan, Pakistan.
    (3) Amara Khan
    Assistant Professor, Department of English, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
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12 - A Study of Awareness and Knowledge about Epidermodysplasia Verruciformis-A Genet

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2021(VI-I).12
10.31703/grr.2021(VI-I).12      Published : Mar 2021

Abstract

    Tree man syndrome is a rare inherited skin disorder, including persistent infection caused by human papillomavirus, as a result of which a defect in cell-mediated immunity takes place. This infection results in the growth of scaly macules and papules, mostly on the feet and hands. It is a lifelong disorder that can be treated in surgical and nonsurgical ways. A questionnaire or awareness-based stu... Details

    Tree Man Syndrome, Lewandowsky-Lutz, Awareness

    (1) Tania Naveel
    MPHIL Scholar, Department of Pharmacology, Jinnah University for Women, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan.
    (2) Sidra Afzal
    PHD Scholar, HITEC-IMS Medical College, Taxila Cantonment, Punjab, Pakistan.
    (3) Mahira Afzal
    Communication Officer, United Nations World (WFP), Pakistan.
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13 - Investigating Learners' Perceptions about the Role of English Language Curriculu

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2021(VI-I).13
10.31703/grr.2021(VI-I).13      Published : Mar 2021

Abstract

    The purpose of this work was to investigate learners' perceptions about the role of the English language curriculum set in boosting the communicative competence of the students of South Punjab. The present research was planned to use a mixed method. Most of the students showed that the curriculum designed for L2 learners causes negative effects in the process of L2 learning as it does not satisfy ... Details

    Learners, English Curriculum, Boosting, Communicative, Competence, EFL

    (1) Muhammad Ahsan
    Lecturer, Department of English, Ghazi University Dera Ghazi Khan, Punjab, Pakistan.
    (2) Syed Waseem Azhar Seemab
    Assistant Professor, Department of English, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Rahimyar Khan Campus, Punjab, Pakistan.
    (3) Shahid Nawaz
    Assistant Professor, Department of English, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan.
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14 - Evolving Migration Trends from Afghanistan: Management and Honourable Repatriati

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2021(VI-I).14
10.31703/grr.2021(VI-I).14      Published : Mar 2021

Abstract

    Since 1979, Pakistan has been a key player in the management of Afghan refugees despite challenging economic and security conditions. The repatriation efforts in the past could not bring conclusive results as a significant population still live in Pakistan. The outbreak of COVID 19 has increased their vulnerability due to inadequate quarantine and health facilities. The positive political developm... Details

    Social Media, Afghan Refugees, Management of Afghan Refugees, Repatriation of Afghan Refugees, Protracted Migration Crises

    (1) Waseem Ishaque
    Assistant Professor, Department of International Relations, National University of Modern Languages (NUML), Islamabad, Pakistan.
    (2) Shabnam Gul
    Assistant Professor, Department of International Relations, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
    (3) Muhammad Faizan Asghar
    MPhil, Peace & Counter Terrorism Studies, Minhaj University Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
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15 - Modi's Strategic Concerns and China's Belt & Road Imitative (BRI): A Realist Per

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2021(VI-I).15
10.31703/grr.2021(VI-I).15      Published : Mar 2021

Abstract

    This article provides a conceptual and theoretical framework to analyze motivations of China in BRI, which is conceived as a project of the 21st century for the revival of erstwhile Asian values, this paper is not a critique on BRI, but it securitizes India's concern whose policymakers consider that it can harm the strategic interest of India. This paper investigates why Indian policymakers have d... Details

    India, China. Strategic, BRI, Security

    (1) Shabnam Gul
    Ph.D. Political Science, Department of International Relations, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
    (2) Muhammad Faizan Asghar
    Terrorism Analyst Course from RSIS, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, United Nations Protection of Civilians and Critical Infrastructures Course, CIPS, NUST Pakistan.
    (3) Iram Naseer Ahmed
    Assistant Professor, Department of History, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Visiting Scholar, Arizona State University, USA.
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16 - Energy Crisis in Pakistan (2008-2018): Impact on Industrial Sector

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2021(VI-I).16
10.31703/grr.2021(VI-I).16      Published : Mar 2021

Abstract

    Energy is considered the backbone of the economy of any state. Similarly, the economy of Pakistan is heavily dependent on energy. Pakistan is an agricultural country, and it earns foreign exchange by exporting agricultural commodities. However, Pakistan is facing an energy crisis due to multiple factors. This research will provide a historical analysis of the energy crisis in Pakistan. This energy... Details

    Pakistan; Energy Crisis, Industrial Sector, Economy

    (1) Muqarrab Akbar
    Chairman, Department of Political Science, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan.
    (2) Anum Riaz
    Research Scholar, Department of Political Science, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan.
    (3) Muhammad Tahir Hassan
    Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan.
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17 - A Genre Based Study of Selected Dental Brochures in Pakistan

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2021(VI-I).17
10.31703/grr.2021(VI-I).17      Published : Mar 2021

Abstract

    This research aims to find out how dental brochures in Pakistan are designed to advertise and sell dental products. Bhatia's (1993) model of sales promotion letters is used to analyze the structure of the selected dental brochures. This study is qualitative that focuses on the structure of the dental brochures in Pakistan. The purpose of this research was to find out if the dental brochure designe... Details

    Brochures, Dental Brochures, Genre Analysis, Bhatia's Model

    (1) Maryam Dua e Fatima
    Research Scholar, Department of English, The Women University Multan, Punjab, Pakistan.
    (2) Mamona Yasmin Khan
    Assistant Professor, Department of English, The Women University Multan, Punjab, Pakistan.
    (3) Masroor Sibtain
    Assistant Professor Department of English, Government Graduate College of Science, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan.
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18 - Science Curriculum Implementation in Educational Settings: A Case of Public Seco

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2021(VI-I).18
10.31703/grr.2021(VI-I).18      Published : Mar 2021

Abstract

    Many reforms have been taking place in the development and implementation of education curriculum across the globe to uplift the standard of education. In 2006, the Government of Pakistan had revised the science curriculum of secondary grades after few decades to meet the challenges of modern times. The current study has adopted a quantitative approach it the descriptive research design was used. ... Details

    Curriculum Implementation, National Science Curriculum, Curriculum Upgradation, Pakistan

    (1) Shazma Nandwani
    PhD Scholar, Department of Education, Iqra University, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan.
    (2) Amjad Ali Rind
    MPhil Research Scholar, Department of Education, Sukkur IBA University, Sindh, Pakistan.
    (3) Masood Ahmed Dool
    MPhil Research Scholar, Department of Education, Sukkur IBA University, Sindh, Pakistan.
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19 - Ethnic Fault Lines and the Case for The Creation of New Provinces in Pakistan: A

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2021(VI-I).19
10.31703/grr.2021(VI-I).19      Published : Mar 2021

Abstract

    This article seeks to analyze the discourse around the creation of new provinces in Pakistan. The demand for carving out new federating units is a popular and long-standing proposal in some areas of the country with a long history of ethnic sub-nationalism fuelled by the real and imagined sense of political alienation and economic deprivation. This demand has been raised from time to time based on... Details

    Ethnic Faultline, Re-Demarcation, Sub-Nationalism, Re-Organization, Pakistani Constitution, Political Parties, Ethnic Group, New Provinces, Politics of Identity, Multiculturalism

    (1) Azhar Mahmood Abbasi
    Lecturer, Department of Pakistan Studies, National University of Modern Languages, (NUML), Islamabad, Pakistan.
    (2) Muhammad Shoaib Malik
    Associate Professor, Department of Pakistan Studies, National University of Modern Languages, (NUML), Islamabad, Pakistan.
    (3) Syed Hamid Mahmood Bukhari
    Assistant Professor, Department of Pakistan Studies, National University of Modern Languages, (NUML), Islamabad, Pakistan.
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20 - Prominence of Social Stigmas and Hierarchies in Folk Theatre Artists' Conscience

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2021(VI-I).20
10.31703/grr.2021(VI-I).20      Published : Mar 2021

Abstract

    This article probes into an exploration of Social stigmas and hierarchies in Saeed's Forgotten Faces that result in the detachment of an artist in society. The colonial rule of society proposed a new value to this research which mainly focuses on discrimination which leads towards the demise of folk theatre and its artists. Demise is the outcome of psychological discrepancies that come their way. ... Details

    Social Stigmas, Hierarchies, Hegemonic Supremacy, Psychoanalysis, Artists Conscience

    (1) Amna Aziz
    Lecturer, Department of English, National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad, Pakistan.
    (2) Iqra Khadam
    Lecturer, Department of English, University of Okara, Okara, Punjab, Pakistan.
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21 - An Analytical Study on HR Practices in the Public Sector Universities of Azad Ja

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2021(VI-I).21
10.31703/grr.2021(VI-I).21      Published : Mar 2021

Abstract

    The primary focus of this paper was to analyze the impact of performance evaluation, compensation and promotion on perceived employee performance. Primary data collection was collected from 214 employees serving in various universities of AJK. Data were analyzed through correlation and regression by running SPSS software. Results revealed that all selected HR practices were positively related to e... Details

    HR Practices, Employee Commitment, Employee Perceived Performance, AMO Theory, Social Exchange Theory

    (1) Faheem Ghaznafar
    Associate Professor, Department of Public Administration, University of Kotli, Azad Jammu and Kashmir (AJ&K), Pakistan.
    (2) Ghulam Nabi
    Assistant Professor, Department of Business Administration, University of Kotli, Azad Jammu and Kashmir (AJ&K), Pakistan.
    (3) Quratul Ain
    Assistant Professor, Department of Public Administration, University of Kotli, Azad Jammu and Kashmir (AJ&K), Pakistan.
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22 - Sexual and Self-Objectification: A Feminist Analysis of Selected Pakistani Short

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2021(VI-I).22
10.31703/grr.2021(VI-I).22      Published : Mar 2021

Abstract

    This study aims to explore the problems of sexual and self-objectification in selected short stories of Pakistani female writers writing in English. The study focuses on Talat Abbasi's Simple Questions, Bina Shah's The Wedding of Sundari, Shaila Abdullah's Moment of Reckoning, Qaisara Shahraz's A Pair of Jeans, Zaib-un-Nissa Hamidullah's The Bull and the She-Devil. The study uses the theoretical f... Details

    Feminism, Pakistani Literature, Patriarchy, Self-Objectification, Sexual-Objectification

    (1) Sajid Ali
    Assistant Professor of English, Higher Education Department, Punjab, Pakistan.
    (2) Shabana Iqbal
    MPhil Scholar, Department of English, Institute of Southern Punjab, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan.
    (3) Maleeha Akhtar Mulghani
    MPhil Scholar, Department of English, Institute of Southern Punjab, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan.
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23 - Bureaucratic Leadership Style and Teachers' Professionalism: A Case Study of Pub

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2021(VI-I).23
10.31703/grr.2021(VI-I).23      Published : Mar 2021

Abstract

    This research aims at examining the role of bureaucratic leadership style on teachers' professionalism in public sector universities and the difference between bureaucracy and professionalism, with a special reference to legal-rational authority. A validated self-structured closed-ended questionnaire with a 5-point Likert scale was designed for data collection from a sample of 40 teachers of Publi... Details

    Bureaucratic Leadership, Professionalism, Legal-Rational, Interrelated, Ordinal Regression

    (1) Umair Arshad
    Former Research Scholar, Department of Education, National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad, Pakistan.
    (2) Obaid Ullah
    Lecturer, Department of Education, National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad, Pakistan.
    (3) Uzma Malik
    Lecturer, Department of Pakistan Studies, National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad, Pakistan.
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24 - Louise Erdrich's Portrayal of Spatial Predicament of Pregnant Bodies in Tracks

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2021(VI-I).24
10.31703/grr.2021(VI-I).24      Published : Mar 2021

Abstract

    The present study aims to revisit Native American woman's experience of out of placeness due to her pregnancy in Louise Erdrich's Tracks. The study argues that the protagonist experiences spatial identity crisis within the socio-spatial paradigms. The present work reread the novel through the theoretical formulations of Tim Cresswell and Iris Marian Young. The notion of out of placeness is constit... Details

    Erdrich, Native American Body, Out of Placeness, Place, Pregnancy, Space

    (1) Fasih ur Rehman
    Lecturer in English, Khushal Khan Khattak University Karak, KP, Pakistan.
    (2) Gohar Munir Mukhi
    MS in English, Department of English, The National College of Business Administration and Economics, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
    (3) Qamar Sumaira
    Lecturer in English, Department of English, Institute of Southern Punjab, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan.
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25 - Implications of the Enigmatic Rise of Taliban: A Historical Perspective

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2021(VI-I).25
10.31703/grr.2021(VI-I).25      Published : Mar 2021

Abstract

    The rise of the Taliban in Afghanistan in 1994 was the opening of a new chapter in the current Afghan history while Afghanistan's socio-political environment was in disorder. The emergence of the Taliban was a new phenomenon, and no one expected that an ordinary militia would become a strong power in Afghanistan. Taliban was a highly secret force that had neither formal structure nor any formal me... Details

    Pakistan, Taliban, Afghan, Al-Qaida

    (1) Fayaz Hussain
    PhD Scholar, Department of International Relations, Qurtuba University of Science & Information Technology Peshawar, KP, Pakistan.
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26 - Current Situation and Administrative Measures taken by Principals of Special Edu

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2021(VI-I).26
10.31703/grr.2021(VI-I).26      Published : Mar 2021

Abstract

    It is consenting fact up to believe the magnitude regarding instruction for each man or woman then nation cannot keep denied and its charge will increase salvo, particularly there is a count number about impairments yet disabilities. This study was aimed to find out the current situation and administrative measures by special school principals. The study was quantitative in nature, and a survey me... Details

    Current Situations, Administrative Practices

    (1) Sumaira Munawar
    Assistant Professor, Lahore Leads University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
    (2) Khadija Sittar
    Assistant Professor, Lahore Leads University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
    (3) Waqas Qamar
    Lahore Leads University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
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27 - Teachers' Perceptions about the Implementation of Activity Based Teaching at Pri

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2021(VI-I).27
10.31703/grr.2021(VI-I).27      Published : Mar 2021

Abstract

    The activity-based teaching method is a technique adopted by a teacher to emphasize his/her method of teaching through activity. The key purpose of this study was to explore the teachers' perceptions about the implementation of activity-based teaching at the primary school level in Punjab, Pakistan. This study was quantitative and descriptive in nature. The sample consisted of 800 teachers from 20... Details

    Implementation, Activity-Based Teaching, Efficient Learning Experiences, Pedagogical Approaches to Teaching

    (1) Fozia Parveen
    PhD Scholar, Department of Education, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan.
    (2) Irem Mushtaq
    Assistant Professor, Department of Education, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan.
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28 - Analysis of Urban Transport in Peshawar for User-Friendliness

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2021(VI-I).28
10.31703/grr.2021(VI-I).28      Published : Mar 2021

Abstract

    This survey-based study was aimed to examine and evaluate the level of accessibility and security at the BRT stations in Peshawar. The study focused on female passengers of all ages. Only three stations were selected for the study, and the number of respondents at each station was kept up to 50. A questionnaire comprised of only eight questions was designed for this purpose. Respondents had three ... Details

    Urban Transport, Peshawar, BRT

    (1) Shahid Mansoor Khan
    Assistant Professor, Department of Architecture, University of Engineering and Technology, Abbottabad Campus, KP, Pakistan.
    (2) Adnan Anwar
    Assistant Professor, Department of Architecture, Hazara University, Mansehra, KP, Pakistan.
    (3) Hamid Zulfiqar
    MPhil Scholar, Department of Conservation Studies, Hazara University, Mansehra, KP, Pakistan.
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29 - Problems and Prospects of Decentralization in Pakistan: A Study of Musharraf Dev

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2021(VI-I).29
10.31703/grr.2021(VI-I).29      Published : Mar 2021

Abstract

    Pakistan has had a long history devolution plan since independence. However, every local government has been masterminded and implemented by the military dictator. Musharraf, after taking over the affairs of the government, introduced a system of local selfgovernment whose elections were to be held on a non-party basis. Although this was one good initiative as the system transferred powers to the ... Details

    Local Government, Musharraf, Devolution Plan, Representatives

    (1) Sanaullah
    Demonstrator, Department of Political Science, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, KP, Pakistan.
    (2) Tasneem Sarwat
    Visiting Lecturer, Department of Pakistan Studies, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, KP, Pakistan.
    (3) Hina Rehman
    Lecture in Pakistan Studies, Government Girls Degree College, TimerGara, Lower Dir, KP, Pakistan.
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30 - Factors Affecting the Intentions to use Islamic Banking among Christian Communit

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2021(VI-I).30
10.31703/grr.2021(VI-I).30      Published : Mar 2021

Abstract

    Islamic banking is not only a worldwide evolving phenomenon but also it is booming day by day in Pakistan. Slight research is directed to study the intentions from the perspectives of Christian personnel for the usage of Islamic banks' products and services in Pakistan. The current paper intends to address the research gap in the literature by discovering the perceptions of Christian clients to ga... Details

    Islamic Banking, Christian Community, Decomposed Theory of Planned Behavior

    (1) Muhammad Ishtiaq
    Assistant Professor, Lyallpur Business School, Government College University, Faisalabad. Punjab, Pakistan
    (2) Muhammad Ali Asif
    MS Scholar, Lyallpur Business School, Government College University, Faisalabad. Punjab, Pakistan
    (3) Muhammad Haris Aziz
    MS Scholar, Riphah International University, Faisalabad Campus, Faisalabad. Punjab, Pakistan.
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31 - Female Employment and Reduction in Family Size in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2021(VI-I).31
10.31703/grr.2021(VI-I).31      Published : Mar 2021

Abstract

    This study examines the association between female employment and small family size trends. This study based on primary data follows a cross-sectional study design. The study's data were collected from 384 respondents of District Peshawar's six communities through a comprehensive per-tested questionnaire/interview schedule, the association between the study variables was obtained through the appli... Details

    Women Employment, Family Size, Fertility, Family Responsibility, Marriage Age

    (1) Muhammad Jawad
    Lecturer, Department of Rural Sociology, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan.
    (2) Saima Sarir
    Lecturer, Department of Rural Sociology, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan
    (3) Syed Zuhaib Aziz
    Ph. D. Department of Sociology, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan
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32 - Editorial Treatment of Arab-Israeli Relations in American Press

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2021(VI-I).32
10.31703/grr.2021(VI-I).32      Published : Mar 2021

Abstract

    This descriptive research examined how attention paid to Arab- Israel relations news editorials in newspapers. To explore the state of Arab- Israel relations, editorials in newspapers content analysis has been conducted. Two theories were utilized: agenda-setting theory and framing theory in mixed-method research. By selecting three newspapers, 320 editorials related to Arab- Israel relations were... Details

    Arab- Israel Relations, Newspapers, Content Analysis, Arab- Israel Conflicts, Israel Recognition

    (1) Sumaira Yasmeen
    M.Phil Scholar, Department of Mass Communication, Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
    (2) Ashraf Iqbal
    In charge/Assistant Professor, Department of Mass Communication, Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
    (3) Noshaba Nargis
    Lecturer, Department of Mass Communication, Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan.
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33 - Rights of Accused at Trial Stage: An Analytical Study of Intentional Rules and L

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2021(VI-I).33
10.31703/grr.2021(VI-I).33      Published : Mar 2021

Abstract

    The effectiveness of decisions is based on the quality of trials. In this respect, the role of courts, prosecution, and lawyers is very important to make the fair trial a reality, and there is also a need for a society that respects the governance of law. Each individual has the right to a fair trial in all kinds of cases. A fair trial is not a mere right rather;, it is a bundle of rights. A free,... Details

    Rights, Rights of Accused, Human Rights, Trial, Fair Trial, International Legal Rules, Legal System of Pakistan

    (1) Amjad Hussain
    Assistant Professor, Department of Law, Islamia University Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan
    (2) Muhammad Naeem Khadim
    LLM, Advocate High Court, Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan.
    (3) Latiba Khanam
    Visiting Lecturer, Department of Law, Islamia University Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan.
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34 - 'Becoming' and 'Belonging': The Ambivalent Space of Hybrid Identity in Qurratula

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2021(VI-I).34
10.31703/grr.2021(VI-I).34      Published : Mar 2021

Abstract

    This research paper explores the role of ambivalent space of hybrid identity and the 'longing' and 'belonging' in the lives of major characters of River of Fire by Qurratulain Hyder to attain a positive vision towards life. In addition, the research tends to perceive the ways by which major characters in the different eras get insight to bridge the 'longing' and 'belonging' by standing in a limina... Details

    Postcolonialism, Hybridity, Ambivalence, Homi k. Bhabha

    (1) Kalsoom Saddique
    Mphil English Literature University of Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
    (2) Arshad Nawaz
    Lecturer, Department of English, Government College University Faisalabad, Sub-Campus Hafizabad, Punjab, Pakistan
    (3) Farwa Zahoor
    Master Trainer in Punjab Education Foundation Punjab, Pakistan
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35 - The Attitude of Media Study Students towards Suicide Attacks

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2021(VI-I).35
10.31703/grr.2021(VI-I).35      Published : Mar 2021

Abstract

    This study attempts to investigate the attitudes towards suicide bombings among undergraduate university students in Pakistan. It is a descriptive and exploratory study based on surveys and in-depth interviews. The sample of the study was 52 respondents from a middle class, and upper-middle-class backgrounds enrolled inexpensive private institutes in Lahore. The study found that most undergraduate... Details

    Media Study, Students, Suicide Attacks, Pakistan, Islam, Jihad

    (1) Irem Sultana
    Assistant Professor, Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
    (2) Ifra Iftikhar
    Associate Professor, Lahore Garrison University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
    (3) Rao Shahid Mahmood
    Assistant Professor, Department of Media Studies, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan
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36 - Effects of Working Conditions of Media Organizations on Health of Their Employee

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2021(VI-I).36
10.31703/grr.2021(VI-I).36      Published : Mar 2021

Abstract

    This study explores the work environment of media organizations in Pakistan compared to international standards under the set rules of the International Labor Organization and its implementation level in large- and small-scale media organizations. The study explored the relationship of job satisfaction of media employees with facilities provided to them at their workplace, their health issues,and ... Details

    Media Employees, ILO, Working Conditions, Job Satisfaction, Health Issues

    (1) Saadia Anwar Pasha
    Assistant Professor, Department of Mass Communication, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
    (2) Humaira Sharif
    Sub Editor, Associated Press of Pakistan
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37 - Role of Bacha Khan in Educating the Pakhtoon Society

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2021(VI-I).37
10.31703/grr.2021(VI-I).37      Published : Mar 2021

Abstract

    History has rarely recorded such leaders who raised their nation from the darkness of ignorance to the light of glory. BachaKhan (Abdul Ghaffar Khan) was one of them. When the society was under the powers of lords, he gave the lesson of equality, blowing new life in the dead society.It was his struggle, his tiresome efforts, his tolerance, the devotion that he uplifted his people from serving thei... Details

    Pakhtoon's, Bacha Khan, Madrassa, Struggle, Education, Charsadda

    (1) Brekhna Gul
    Lecturer in Political Science, University College for Women, AWKUM, KP, Pakistan
    (2) Younas Khan
    Assistant Professor, Department of Pakistan Studies, Islamia College University, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan
    (3) Sana Pervez
    Lecturer in Pakistan Studies, University College for Women, AWKUM, KP, Pakistan
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38 - A Comprehensive Traffic Volume Study of Qasim Chowk Hyderabad, Sindh, Pakistan

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2021(VI-I).38
10.31703/grr.2021(VI-I).38      Published : Mar 2021

Abstract

    Any unplanned town is likely to face multiple issues as the population rises; such as; traffic congestion problems vehicles increases with a rise in population, industrial development, business operations, etc. Hyderabad is a major jobs hub for nearly 5 million individuals from both Hyderabad and rural regions. Attracting individuals who are looking for a job. Therefore, during peak hours traffic ... Details

    Traffic Count Survey, Traffic Volume Survey, Qasim Chowk, Hyderabad, Sindh

    (1) Mehnaz Soomro
    Department of Architecture and Planning, Shaheed Allah Buksh University of Art, Design and Heritages, Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan.
    (2) Hina Marvi
    Department of Architecture and Planning, Shaheed Allah Buksh University of Art, Design and Heritages, Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan.
    (3) Rabia Khaskheli
    Department of Architecture and Planning, Shaheed Allah Buksh University of Art, Design and Heritages, Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan.
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