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Volume-I

, Issue-I

(FALL 2016)

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01 - Pakhtun Identity versus Militancy in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and FATA: Exploring the

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2016(I-I).01
10.31703/grr.2016(I-I).01      Published : Dec 2016

Abstract

    The Pakhtun culture had been flourishing between 484 - 425 BC, in the era of Herodotus and Alexander the Great. Herodotus, the Greek historian, for the first time, used the word Pactyans, for people who were living in parts of Persian Satrapy, Arachosia between 1000 - 1 BC. The hymns' collection from an ancient Indian Sanskrit Ved used the word Pakthas for a tribe, who were inhabitants of eastern ... Details

    Pakhtun, Militancy, Culture, Pakhtunwali, Identity

    (1) Hikmat Shah Afridi
    Ph.D scholar, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
    (2) Manzoor Khan Afridi
    Assistant Professor,Department of Politics and IR, Islamic International University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
    (3) Syed Umair Jalal
    Junior Research Fellow, Humanity Research Council, Islamabad, Pakistan.
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02 - Conflict Resolution: Editorialization of Government- Tehreek-i-Taliban Pakistan

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2016(I-I).02
10.31703/grr.2016(I-I).02      Published : Dec 2016

Abstract

    Every newspaper publishes an editorial every day to state their official opinion on the most important of issues. Among public and official policymakers, editorials are taken seriously. This study undertook Pakistan’s two leading newspapers’ editorials – Dawn and The Nation - on the peace talks between the Pakistan government and the Tehreek-i-Taliban Pakistan (TTP). The editoria... Details

    TTP, Peace Dialogues, Editorials

    (1) Hassan Shehzad
    Lecturer, Media and Communication Studies, Islamic International University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
    (2) Ahsan Raza
    Senior journalists, s, Dawn Newspaper, Pakistan.
    (3) Zubair Shafi Ghauri
    PhD Candidate,Department of History,Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan.
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03 - History of Prison Reforms in Pakistan

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2016(I-I).03
10.31703/grr.2016(I-I).03      Published : Dec 2016

Abstract

    Pakistan has been following the prison system of the British Empire. The Pakistani prison system has gone through many changes. Efforts have been made to bring the prison system in Pakistan in conformity with the modern prison system. The restoration of democracy in Pakistan has paved the way for further reforms in the prison system. Many suggestions have been forwarded to the authorities and have... Details

    Prison, Reforms, History, Pakistan

    (1) Zahid Anwar
    Professor, Department of Political Science, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan.
    (2) S. Zubair Shah
    Ph.D. Scholar,Department of Political Science,University of Peshawar, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan.
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04 - Displacement from FATA Pakistan (2009-2016): Issues and Challenges

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2016(I-I).04
10.31703/grr.2016(I-I).04      Published : Dec 2016

Abstract

    Federally Administered Tribal Area (FATA) of Pakistan is one of the most neglected regions in the world as far as development is concerned. It has been the hub of all sorts of illegal activities including militancy and export of terrorism. Thus, it became inevitable for the government of Pakistan to act against militants through military operations. Over the years, hundreds of thousands of people ... Details

    Af-Pak, Federally Administered Tribal Area, IDPs

    (1) Sohail Ahmad
    Assistant Professor, Department of Humanities, COMSATS University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
    (2) Sadia Sohail
    MS Scholar,Department of International Relations,COMSATS University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
    (3) Muhammad Shoaib Malik
    Assistant Professor, Department of Pakistan Studies, , National University of Modern Languages Islamabad, Pakistan.
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05 - Pakistan's Foreign Policy: Initial Perspectives and Stages

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2016(I-I).05
10.31703/grr.2016(I-I).05      Published : Dec 2016

Abstract

    Pakistan is a state like other states of the world. When it came out from the British net the initial stages were very tough for it. It was considered that it will rejoin India. But the administration of that time took sincere initiatives to manage the affairs gradually. Cold war started at that time between the Communist and Capitalist blocks. Newly established states joined one of them. Pakistan... Details

    Alliances, Conflicts, War, Strategy

    (1) Muhammad Muzaffar
    Ph. D ScholarDepartment of Political Science,International Islamic University Islamabad.
    (2) Zahid Yaseen
    Lecturer,Department of Political Science,Govt. Post Graduate College, Gujranwala, Punjab, Pakistan.
    (3) Uroosa Ishfaq
    Junior Research Fellow,Humanity Research Council, Islamabad, Pakistan.
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06 - Intra-Party Democracy in Pakistan Tehrik-e-Insaf

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2016(I-I).06
10.31703/grr.2016(I-I).06      Published : Dec 2016

Abstract

    With the idea of ‘change’ in exiting social system of Pakistan mainly by eradicating corruption, Pakistani Tehrik-e-Insaf emerged in 1996, under the leadership of renowned cricket player Imran Khan. He pledged to promote justice and the establishment of a welfare state. However, the party could hardly attain electoral success until 2012 when it reached on national political peaks. Majo... Details

    PTI, Political culture, Democracy, Intra party Elections

    (1) Muhammad Rizwan
    Assistant Professor, Department of Pakistan Studies, Abbottabad University of Science and Technology, Havelian, KP, Pakistan.
    (2) Manzoor Ahmad
    Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science,Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, KP, Pakistan.
    (3) Muhammad Bilal
    Assistant Registrar, Women University, Swabi, KP, Pakistan.
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07 - Elementary Education and Language Teachers' Professional Development Needs: The

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2016(I-I).07
10.31703/grr.2016(I-I).07      Published : Dec 2016

Abstract

    Teachers professional development is central to meet the ever-growing challenges at the elementary school level. In this article we describe the development and use of Teachers Development Scale at the elementary school level in Pakistan. An exploratory factor analysis (n=274) showed two basic dimensions of teachers professional development: community development, and individual development. Commu... Details

    Professional Development, Language Teachers, Elementary Education

    (1) Fasih Ahmed
    HOD, Department of Humanities, COMSATS University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
    (2) Sana Hussan
    Lecturer,Department of English, Women University Mardan, KP, Pakistan.
    (3) Muhammad Safiullah
    Research Assistant, Humanity Research Council, Islamabad, Pakistan.
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08 - Independent Judiciary and NationBuilding: A Case Study of Pakistan

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2016(I-I).08
10.31703/grr.2016(I-I).08      Published : Dec 2016

Abstract

    Independent judiciary is the foundation of a fair and impartial and constitutionally balanced society. Independence means that judges can freely make lawful decisions whether involving influential politicians, governmental personals or ordinary citizens. Thus, ensuring decisions are based on constitution rather than is the result of political pressures or is favoring some majority. Endowed with in... Details

    Independence, Accountability, Democracy, Media, Power

    (1) Sadaf Farooq
    Assistant Professor, Department of Politics and International Relations,International Islamic University, Islamabad.
    (2) Abida Rafique
    PhD Scholar, Department of Politics and International Relations, International Islamic University, Islamabad.
    (3) Ghulam Qumber
    Deputy Director,ISSRA,National Defence University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
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09 - Employee Engagement and High Performance Work System: An Empirical Study

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2016(I-I).09
10.31703/grr.2016(I-I).09      Published : Dec 2016

Abstract

    In the competitive working environment, organizations and researchers have focused their attention to highlight means and ways to gain more advantage on less resource consumption; hence more focus is paid on channelizing Human Resource Practices to gain maximum return on Investment. The data is collected from the banking sector of Pakistan from a sample of 400 employees. The theme is to analyze th... Details

    Employee engagement, HPWS, Commitment, Competitive Market, Performance

    (1) Lubna Abbassi
    Ph.D Scholar, National Defence University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
    (2) Muhammad Zia-ur Rehman
    Assistant Professor,Department of Leadership & Management Studies, National Defence University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
    (3) Yasmine Muhammad Javaid Iqbal
    Lecturer, Department of Leadership & Management Studies,National Defence University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
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10 - Community Development Perspective in the Local Government System of District Mar

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2016(I-I).10
10.31703/grr.2016(I-I).10      Published : Dec 2016

Abstract

    The present research study analyzed the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Local Government Act, 2013 and find out the role of elected leaders in community development. The quantitative research design is used and sample is selected through simple random sampling technique. The researchers interview 300 respondents from district Mardan. The statistical results show that elected leaders are performing their effect... Details

    Local Government, Community, Development, Leaders, Citizens

    (1) Hussain Ali
    Lecturer, Department of Sociology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, KP, Pakistan.
    (2) Syed Ali Shah
    Assistant Professor,Department of Pakistan Studies,Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, KP, Pakistan.
    (3) Ahmad Ali
    Assistant Professor, Department of Sociology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, KP, Pakistan.
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11 - Traditional and Modern Education in Bukhara (1860s-1917): The Policy Juncture

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2016(I-I).11
10.31703/grr.2016(I-I).11      Published : Dec 2016

Abstract

    This paper explores the nature of conflict that unfolded between the supporters of traditionalist and modernist education in Tsarist Central Asia. The paper explores the viewpoint of each camp and explores the causes of such approach. The paper finds that the conflict or divergence was driven by the desire to ensure the protection of political and economic interests each camp cherished. While stat... Details

    Bukhara, Central Asian Education, Islamic education

    (1) Ayaz Ahmad
    Lecturer,Department of English, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, KP, Pakistan.
    (2) Sana Hussan
    Lecturer,Department of English,Women University Mardan, KP, Pakistan.
    (3) Muhammad Shoaib Malik
    Assistant Professor,Department of Pakistan Studies, National University of Modern Languages Islamabad, Pakistan.
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12 - Investigating the Role of Beliefs and Professional Values in HR Management

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2016(I-I).12
10.31703/grr.2016(I-I).12      Published : Dec 2016

Abstract

    Human Resource Management has been accentuated as a theme for research in various organizations and institutions and sufficient literature has been introduced on this subject since 1980s in the developed world (Harley and Hardy 2004). This aspect did not attract attention in developing / underdeveloped countries like Pakistan. Presence of literature regarding HRM at the workplace and ideological o... Details

    HRM, Employees, Ideological Orientation, Pluralist, Unitarianist

    (1) Muhamamd Zia-ur Rehman
    Assistant Professor, Department of Leadership and Management Studies, National Defence University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
    (2) Riasat Ali Khan
    Research scholar, Department of Leadership and Management Studies,National Defence University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
    (3) Noor Hassan
    Lecturer,Department of Management Sciences, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, KP, Pakistan.
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13 - Implications of Pak-Afghan Transit Trade for Regional Security

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2016(I-I).13
10.31703/grr.2016(I-I).13      Published : Dec 2016

Abstract

    Pak-Afghan relations have almost remained far from being normal and under the grip of allegations and counter allegation due to several bilateral political issues. However, trade relations have remained unrestrained from several decades. Afghanistan as a landlocked state always relied on Pakistani ports for its trade requirements with the rest of the world. Despite ups and downs in the relations, ... Details

    Transit Trade Agreement, Security Implications

    (1) Huma Qayum
    PhD Scholar,Department of Political Science and IR,International Islamic University Islamabad (IIUI), Pakistan.
    (2) Syed Ali Shah
    Assistant Professor, Department of Pakistan Studies,Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, KP, Pakistan.
    (3) Zubaria Andlib
    Ph.D Scholar,School of Economics, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
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14 - Potential for Community Based Ecotourism (CBE) along Balochistan Coast, Pakistan

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2016(I-I).14
10.31703/grr.2016(I-I).14      Published : Dec 2016

Abstract

    The term CBE is not only an ethic based approach to tourism but to make it sure the community engages actively and enjoys the accruing profits of tourism activities. Following the SFA Framework (Suitability, Feasibility, and Acceptability), this study critically reviewed tourism resources in ecologically sensitive coastal areas of Balochistan for assessing their potential for establishment of CBE.... Details

    Transit Trade Agreement, Security Implications, Regional Connectivity

    (1) Zia Ullah
    Assistant ProfessorDepartment of Tourism & Hospitality, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, KP, Pakistan.
    (2) Muhammad Jehangir
    Assistant Professor, Institute of Business & Leadership, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, KP, Pakistan
    (3) Javed Iqbal
    Assistant Professor, Department of Economics, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, KP,Pakistan.
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15 - Garbage Collection and Rag Picking: An Issue of Child Labor in Rawalpindi (An An

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2016(I-I).15
10.31703/grr.2016(I-I).15      Published : Dec 2016

Abstract

    The nature of this study was qualitative and covers the children collecting the Garbage and Rag picking in Rawalpindi city. In the study, Afghan scavengers were selected for qualitative analyses. The family backgrounds of these scavengers and the demographic factors were also analyzed. Most of the qualitative methods including key informant interviews, visit and stay in the area, In-depth intervie... Details

    Garbage Collection, Rag Picking, Scavenger Locales, Scavenging

    (1) Syed Imran Haider
    Assistant Professor,Department of Sociology, Allama Iqbal Open University Islamabad, Pakistan.
    (2) Muhammad Ali
    PhD,Goethe University,Frankfurt Main, Germany.
    (3) Muhammad Bilal
    Lecturer,Department of Sociology,Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, KP, Pakistan.
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16 - The Trump's Triumph Cards and the Future of GOP

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2016(I-I).16
10.31703/grr.2016(I-I).16      Published : Dec 2016

Abstract

    The US presidential elections are over and to the astonishment of media, surveys and polls; Donald Trump won a stunning victory over his democratic rival Hillary by 289 electoral votes. The election results were surprising and may not be digested by many Americans for long time and especially for the Democrats. The stunning victory of Trump does not seem so dramatic if the past elections are analy... Details

    Presidential Elections, Voting Patterns, Primaries, white Population, Millennial Vote

    (1) Manzoor Ahmad
    Assistant ProfessorDepartment of Political Science,Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, KP, Pakistan.
    (2) Muhammad Rizwan
    Assistant Professor,Department of Pakistan Studies,Abbottabad University of Science and Technology, Abbottabad, KP, Pakistan.
    (3) Zahir Shah
    Assistant Professor,Department of Political Science,Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, KP, Pakistan.
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17 - United States Fundamental Interests in Chile and Cuba: A Historical Study

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2016(I-I).17
10.31703/grr.2016(I-I).17      Published : Dec 2016

Abstract

    US hegemony as the result of its interventions in Cuba and Chile is a historical reality. The United States used to be scared that imposition of Communism had minimized the Americans dominance over there under the policy of nationalization. Although, the United States had tried his luck in Cuba twice, in decades of 1960's, to vanish communism dangerous roots, but unfortunately faced defeat. Again ... Details

    United States, Latin America, Caribbean, Communism, Capitalism, Cold-War

    (1) Abdul Zahoor Khan
    Assistant Professor,Department of History & Pakistan Studies,International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
    (2) Nargis Zaman
    MPhil Scholar, Department of Political Science,University of Peshawar, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan.
    (3) Zahir Shah
    Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, KP, Pakistan.
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18 - Teaching of Harry Potter and the Philosophers Stone in the Light of Barthes Narr

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2016(I-I).18
10.31703/grr.2016(I-I).18      Published : Dec 2016

Abstract

    J. K. Rowling has written seven novels in the Harry Potter series. This fiction series has also inspired the educationists and academicians and it has been introduced in different western colleges as part of their syllabi. Warner Brothers made the films based on all the novels of Harry Potter series. Harry Potter World, the studio where these movies were made, is a tourist spot in London and thous... Details

    Harry Potter, Philosopher's Stone, Barthes's Narrative, Codes

    (1) Ameer Sultan
    PhD Scholar,Department of English,International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
    (2) Rashida Imran
    Lecturer, Department of English Language and Applied Linguistics,Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
    (3) Saira Maqbool
    Assistant Professor, Department of English Language and Applied Linguistics,Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
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19 - Exploring the Attitudes of Undergraduate Students towards Plagiarism in Public a

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2016(I-I).19
10.31703/grr.2016(I-I).19      Published : Dec 2016

Abstract

    The purpose of the study is to explore the attitude of undergraduate students towards plagiarism from both public and private higher educational institutions. A cross-sectional survey was used to collect the data through adopted questionnaire which comprised of three subscales; positive attitude, negative attitude and subjective norms towards plagiarism. Data was collected from 309 students of BS-... Details

    Plagiarism, Positive Attitude, Negative Attitude, Subjective Norms

    (1) Shahzada Qaisar
    Assistant Professor, University of Education, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
    (2) Sumaira Rashid
    Assistant Professor, Department of Education, F.C. College, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
    (3) Aashiq Hussain Dogar
    Associate Professor, University of Education, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
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20 - Islamization in Pakistan: A Critical Analysis of Zias Regime

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2016(I-I).20
10.31703/grr.2016(I-I).20      Published : Dec 2016

Abstract

    Pakistan was made on the Islamic ideology, it was made to secure the political and religious rights of the Muslims. It was clearly illustrated in the Objectives Resolution that no law shall be made repugnant to Quran and Sunnah. The Islamic Provision of pre 1973 constitution provided base for Islamization. With the passage of time institutions like Council of Islamic Ideology and Federal Shariat C... Details

    Islamization, Zia regime, Political engineering, institionalization, Radicalization

    (1) Ali Shan Shah
    Lecturer,Department of Political Science & IR,GC University Faisalabad, Punjab,Pakistan.
    (2) Muhammad Waris
    Assistant Professor, Government College Bhalwal, Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan.
    (3) Abdul Basit
    Lecturer,Department of Political Science & IR, GC University Faisalabad, Punjab,Pakistan.
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21 - Institutional Determinants of Firm Performance: Evidence from Pakistan

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2016(I-I).21
10.31703/grr.2016(I-I).21      Published : Dec 2016

Abstract

    Owner structure (OS) is an imperative feature of a firm and firm performance (FP). Recent studies have debated the effect of OS and FP around the world. Studies argue that OS is one of the important factors of decision making since principals expect wealth maximization while agents try to increase their personal gains. However, investor protection (IP) adds to the decision making with regards to O... Details

    Ownership Structure, Managerial Ownership, Institutional Ownership, Tobin's Q, Leverage

    (1) Adnan Ahmad
    Assistant Professor,IBL, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, KP, Mardan.
    (2) Muhammad Ilyas
    Lecturer, IBL, Abdul Wali Khan University,Mardan, KP, Pakistan.
    (3) Saima Urooge
    Assistant Professor,Department of Economics, Islamia College University, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan
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22 - Comparing Perceptions of Public versus Government School Teachers towards Job Sa

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2016(I-I).22
10.31703/grr.2016(I-I).22      Published : Dec 2016

Abstract

    Many studies have been carried out on the job satisfaction of employees at various organizational levels all over the world. However, little is known about the government versus private schools in district Malakand Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. This study compares the perceptions of private versus government school teachers job satisfaction related to its six component i.e, pay and promotion, job security, ... Details

    Job Satisfaction, Private and Public Schools comparison

    (1) Asghar Ali
    Assistant Professor,Department of Education,University of Malakand, Chakdara, Dir (L), Pakistan.
    (2) Iqbal Ahmad
    Lecturer,Department of Education,University of Malakand, Chakdara, Dir (L), Pakistan.
    (3) M. Anees-ul-Husnain Shah
    Assistant Professor, University of Education,D.G Khan Campus, Punjab,Pakistan.
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23 - Anti-Culture Machine: The War on Terror and its Effects on Pakhtuns and their Cu

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2016(I-I).23
10.31703/grr.2016(I-I).23      Published : Dec 2016

Abstract

    This study critically evaluates the continuing campaign against terrorism. It especially discusses the counter-terrorism policies of Pakistan and the United States of America, which affects Pakhtuns and their culture. Figures show there has been a surge not only in the number but the activities of militants in the Pakhtun region after the inception of the war on terror. It is very important, there... Details

    War on Terror, Terrorism, Culture, Pakhtun Culture, CounterInsurgency

    (1) Abdul Shakoor
    HoD, Department of Sociology, Bacha Khan University, Charsadda, KP, Pakistan.
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24 - Impact of Shia-Sunni Annoyances on the Contemporary Geopolitics in the Middle Ea

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2016(I-I).24
10.31703/grr.2016(I-I).24      Published : Dec 2016

Abstract

    The modern-day Shiite-Sunni split between the Sunnite Kingdom of SaudiArabia and Shia theocracy Islamic Republic of Iran is predominantly portrayed as a sectarian conflict. Instead, their rivalry constituted geopolitical, economic, military, and religious supremacy and legitimacy in the region of the Middle East. Riyadh and Tehran are convoluted in a complex rivalry over a volatile region where bo... Details

    Shia-Sunni, Sectarianism, Political Rivalry, Theological Divide, Islamophobia, Muslim Unity, Middle East

    (1) Inayat Kalim
    Assistant Professor, Department of Humanities, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan.
    (2) Muhammad Mubeen
    Assistant Professor, Department of Humanities, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan.
    (3) Sohail Ahmad
    Assistant Professor, Department of Humanities, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan.
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25 - Language and Cross-Cultural Construction: A Systemic Functional Interpretation o

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2016(I-I).25
10.31703/grr.2016(I-I).25      Published : Dec 2016

Abstract

    This study interprets and explains Hiroko Tanaka one of the major characters of Burnt Shadows from the perspective of cross-cultural construction by using Transitivity which is a major system for the explanation of experiential meta function at the level of clause in Systemic Functional Grammar. Shamsie's Burnt Shadows (2009) covers five countries and fifty-six years. The novel is about diverse cu... Details

    Systemic Functional Linguistics, Transitivity System, Concordance, Role Dynamism, Experiential Metafunction

    (1) Abdul Rashid
    Department of Humanities, Comsats University Islamabad, Pakistan.
    (2) Kanwal Zahra
    Assistant Professor, Centre for Languages and Translation Studies, University of Gujrat, Punjab, Pakistan
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