ARTICLE

THE ROLE OF BACKWARD DESIGN IN IMPROVING WRITING SKILLS OF PAKISTANI UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS

09 Pages : 78-85

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2021(VI-I).09      10.31703/grr.2021(VI-I).09      Published : Mar 2021

The Role of Backward Design in Improving Writing skills of Pakistani Undergraduate Students

    This study aimed to investigate the role of the backward design approach to improve undergraduate students' writing skills. A limited number of studies have been conducted on this issue internationally; however, this was the first study undertaken in the Pakistani context. The study employed a quantitative approach and quasi-experimental design. The data was collected through a quantitative pre and post questionnaire dispensed to 175 undergraduate students enrolled in the first year of the Bachelor of Studies program in a university in Pakistan. The findings offered a broad picture of the positive role of the intervention on undergraduate students writing skills. The difference proved that the backward design approach has a substantial effect on improving students' writing skills in this study.

    English as a Second Language (ESL), Backward Design (BD), Writing Skills, Undergraduate Students, Pakistan
    (1) Farheen Saeed
    PhD Scholar, Faculty of Education, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
    (2) Fareeha Javed
    Head of TESOL Department, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
  • Beamish, W. (2004). Consensus about program quality: An Australian study in early childhood education. (Doctoral dissertation) Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia.
  • Bowen, S. (2017). Understanding by Design. Vanderbilt University Center for Teaching. https://cft.vanderbilt.edu/understanding-bydesign
  • Brown, H. D. (2001). Teaching by principles: An interactive approach to language pedagogy (2nd ed.). New York: Addison Wesley Longman.
  • Tumlos-Castillo, L. M. (2015). Initial Evaluation of the Understanding by Design (UbD) Framework in Writing Learning Modules. Presented at the DLSU Research Congress, De La Salle University, Manila, Philippines, 3, March 2-4.
  • Childre, A., Sands, J. R., & Pope, S. T. (2009). Backward design: Targeting depth of understanding for all learners. Teaching Exceptional Children, 41(5), 6-14.
  • Daniela, P. & Derek, N. (2017). The why, what and how of teaching: an engineering design perspective. Global Journal of Engineering Education, 19(2).
  • Florian, T. P., & Zimmerman, J. P. (2015). Understanding by design, moodle, and blended learning: A secondary school case study. MERLOT Journal of Online Learning and Teaching, 11(1), 120-128.
  • Hinchliffe, L. J. (2016). Instructional Design for Literacy: Using the https://iflasatellitetampere2012.files.wordpres s.com/2012/08/session6b_hinchliffe.pdf
  • Javed, F. (2016). Pakistani Learners' Transition into University (Doctoral dissertation), Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand. https://mro.massey.ac.nz/bitstream/handle/ 10179/11442 /02whole.pdf?sequence2
  • Javed, F. (2020). Adaptation challenges faced by Pakistani university entrants. Student Success, 11(2), 41-51.
  • Nunan, D. (1988). Syllabus Design. USA: Oxford University Press
  • Richards, J. (2013). Curriculum approaches in language teaching: forward, central and backward design. Australia: Sage.
  • Saengchan, K. Kiangsi, S. & Prakong, Y. (2016) The Performance of Backward Design Using Student- Centered Teaching Methods on the Bachelor of English Education Students, Roi Et Rajabhat University, Thailand. Conference Proceedings. The 8th Thailand-Japan International Academic Conference 2016.
  • Scruggs, T. E., Mastropieri, M. A., & McDuffie, K. A. (2007). Co-teaching in inclusive classrooms: A metasynthesis of qualitative research. Exceptional children, 73(4), 392-416.
  • Wiggins, G., & McTighe, J. (1998). Understanding by design. Alexandria, VA: Association for Supervision & Curriculum Development.
  • Wiggins, G., & Mctighe, J. (2006). Understanding by design (2nd ed.). Alexandria, Virginia, USA: ASCD product.
  • Wiggins, G., & Mctighe, J. (2011). The Understanding by Design guide to creating highquality units. Alexandria, VA: ASCD.
  • Zoghi, M., & Asadzadian, F. (2014). EFL Teachers' Attitudes towards Their Writing Abilities. The Iranian EFL Journal, 29, 52.

Cite this article

    APA : Saeed, F., & Javed, F. (2021). The Role of Backward Design in Improving Writing skills of Pakistani Undergraduate Students. Global Regional Review, VI(I), 78-85. https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2021(VI-I).09
    CHICAGO : Saeed, Farheen, and Fareeha Javed. 2021. "The Role of Backward Design in Improving Writing skills of Pakistani Undergraduate Students." Global Regional Review, VI (I): 78-85 doi: 10.31703/grr.2021(VI-I).09
    HARVARD : SAEED, F. & JAVED, F. 2021. The Role of Backward Design in Improving Writing skills of Pakistani Undergraduate Students. Global Regional Review, VI, 78-85.
    MHRA : Saeed, Farheen, and Fareeha Javed. 2021. "The Role of Backward Design in Improving Writing skills of Pakistani Undergraduate Students." Global Regional Review, VI: 78-85
    MLA : Saeed, Farheen, and Fareeha Javed. "The Role of Backward Design in Improving Writing skills of Pakistani Undergraduate Students." Global Regional Review, VI.I (2021): 78-85 Print.
    OXFORD : Saeed, Farheen and Javed, Fareeha (2021), "The Role of Backward Design in Improving Writing skills of Pakistani Undergraduate Students", Global Regional Review, VI (I), 78-85
    TURABIAN : Saeed, Farheen, and Fareeha Javed. "The Role of Backward Design in Improving Writing skills of Pakistani Undergraduate Students." Global Regional Review VI, no. I (2021): 78-85. https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2021(VI-I).09