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A little bit about GRR - Global Regional Review
The GRR Journal provides a comprehensive platform to scholars, researchers, policy makers and interested stakeholders (of regional issues and problems) for analysis, debate, innovations, transformation and sustainable developments through collaboration and membership of region specific networks.
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Racist Contextualization of the N-Word in Hurston's Their Eyes Were Watching God
(22 Views)
1-Rizwan Aftab: Lecturer, Department of English, International Islamic University Islamabad, Pakistan. 2-Asim Aqeel: Assistant Professor, Department of Humanities & Linguistics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan.3-Mumtaz Ahmad: Assistant Professor-Principal, Department of English, Governament Guru Nanak Postgraduate College, Nankana Sahib, Punjab, Pakistan.
With Roger Fowler's theory of 'linguistic construction', this study specifically analyses the use of the N-word (nigger)
within Zora Neale Hurston's Their Eyes Were Watching God, its contextual use and the function it plays within the context
and sequence of events in the delimited fiction. The N-word, which is considered highly sensitive in American society,
especially in the context of African Americans, is analyzed within the immediate context of event and situation in which
characters are engaged, depending on who is talking to whom, when and where, and with what purpose in mind. The entire
communicative event of the N-word is also placed within the global context to fully situate the event and locate the function
of the N-word within and outside the literary text and its use and interpretation in global contexts. This contextual study
of Their Eyes Was Watching God argues how the highly sensitive racist words are euphemized through N-word. For this
purpose, this study employs linguistic analysis by focusing on delimited text form, meaning, and use within the local and
global contexts.
Exposure to Social Media Advertisements and Youth's Response
(95 Views)
1-Ashraf Iqbal: Incharge, Department of Mass Communication, Government College University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan.2-Tanveer Hussain: Assistant Professor, School of Media and Communication Studies, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.3-Rashid Aslam: MPhil Scholar, Government College University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan.
The major purpose of this study is to examine the effects of social media advertising on the purchase behaviour of young
university students. The study employed an exploratory research design and cross-sectional survey technique. On the basis
of a comprehensive literature review, research hypotheses were formulated to investigate the relationship between study
variables. The primary data were collected using questionnaires from students of public sector universities operating in the
city of Faisalabad, Pakistan. Non-probability and convenience sampling were adopted in the selection of target respondents,
which were 283 students, both day-scholars and boarding students. The findings reveal that social media advertising affects
the purchasing behaviour of social media users. The recommendations of the study are that the companies should concentrate
more on promotional activities using social networks as this is more effective, less costly and accessible to a large number of
target audiences.
Attitude of Pakistani Muslims toward Banned Controversial Advertisements
(79 Views)
1-Abdul Rehman Madni: Lecturer, Department of Communication and Media Studies, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan. 2-Ali Hassan: Lecturer, Department of Media Studies, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan.3-Arshad Ali: Assistant Professor, Center for Media and Communication Studies, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, Punjab, Pakistan.
Advertising is a complete process of communication, and it plays an essential role and develops the strongest link between advertisers and their target audience. But, some advertisements are considered controversial because of the content or product, and they may generate negative responses. Religious and social restrictions did not give enough leeway for creative freedom. The main objective of this study is to find out the attitude of Pakistani Muslims toward controversial advertisements. Data were collected from the 525 Pakistanis using a cross-sectional study design. The study adopted convenience sampling through the personally-administered method. Findings of the study show that the overall attitude of Pakistani Muslims toward controversial advertisements is negative, and respondents do not like controversial advertisements.
Most viewed articles
History of Prison Reforms in Pakistan
(4516 Views)
1-Zahid Anwar: Professor, Department of Political Science, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan.2-S. Zubair Shah: Ph.D. Scholar,Department of Political Science,University of Peshawar, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan.
Pakistan has been following the prison system of the British Empire. The
Pakistani prison system has gone through many changes. Efforts have been
made to bring the prison system in Pakistan in conformity with the modern
prison system. The restoration of democracy in Pakistan has paved the way for
further reforms in the prison system. Many suggestions have been forwarded to
the authorities and have been requested for the modification of the inside
condition of Pakistani jails. The data for this paper have been collected from
Human Rights Organization/ Council of Pakistan, Islamic Ideological Council
and jail training institute Lahore. The research under focus is an attempt to
explore prison reforms in Pakistan in historical perspective and put forward
suggestions to in tune the prison system in Pakistan with International standard.
Pakistan's Foreign Policy: Initial Perspectives and Stages
(4264 Views)
1-Muhammad Muzaffar: Ph. D ScholarDepartment of Political Science,International Islamic University Islamabad.2-Zahid Yaseen: Lecturer,Department of Political Science,Govt. Post Graduate College, Gujranwala, Punjab, Pakistan.3-Uroosa Ishfaq: Junior Research Fellow,Humanity Research Council, Islamabad, Pakistan.
Pakistan is a state like other states of the world. When it came out from the
British net the initial stages were very tough for it. It was considered that it will
rejoin India. But the administration of that time took sincere initiatives to
manage the affairs gradually. Cold war started at that time between the
Communist and Capitalist blocks. Newly established states joined one of them.
Pakistan was also one of them. Its foreign policy principles, rules and
regulations are highlighted in this paper. All these steps are discussed below
gradually with the help of primary and secondary sources. It is concluded that
Pakistan had no choice to join the capitalist block because of its financial
position that forced it to take such decisions as compared to India. But security
and sovereignty were never compromised in every era and at every stage.
Examining the Spending Patterns of Compensated Displaced Households (CDHs): Empirical Evidence from DiamerBasha Dam Site
(4036 Views)
1-Arsalan Ahmad Khan: MPhil Scholar, Department of Economics, University of Peshawar, KP, Pakistan.2-Saranjam Baig: Assistant Professor, Department of Economics, Karakorum International University, Gilgit, Pakistan.3-Abid Hussain: Lecturer,Department of Economics,Karakorum International University, Gilgit, Pakistan.
This research has two objectives. First, it explores the spending patterns of the households who receive monetary
compensation for their land that government takes over for initiating national projects; in our case, it is about
building the countrys largest dam. Second, it examines what we call the demonstration effects. Literature abounds with cases
examining behaviors of internally displaced individuals while the opposite is true for the compensated displaced households. This
is the backdrop, this research carried out a field survey to collect data for 192 households. The compensation received is divided into
communal land compensation and private land compensation. In line with arguments with the Keynesian consumption function that
provides the theoretical foundation to our empirical work, findings suggest a positive and significant correlation between spending
patterns and private land compensation while the communal compensation appears to be insignificant. Education and one out of
two demonstration effects have positive influence on spending behaviors.
Most downloaded articles
Exploring Gender Differences in Moral Intelligence and its Effects on the Learning Outcomes of Second Year College Students
(125 Downloads)
1-Ali Hussain Arif: PhD Scholar,Department of Education, National University of Modern Languages Islamabad, Pakistan.2-Marium Din: Assistant Professor,Department of Education, National University of Modern Languages Islamabad, Pakistan.3-Zafar Saleem: Assistant Professor, Department of Teacher Education, Qurtuba University of Science & information Technology Peshawar, KP, Pakistan.
The current study was undertaken with the primary objectives of exploring differences in moral intelligence due to
gender and determining moral intelligences effect on the learning performance of second-year students. The
population of the study consisted of all second year college students of Skardu, Pakistan. However, data were collected from 445
students within the entire population by using the simple random sampling technique. Female students were found more intelligent
than male ones in this study. The results depict that moral intelligence significantly affects the academic performance of students.
So, it is suggested that subjects and contents related to moral intelligence may be included in the syllabus of second-year college
students, as far as students practical involvement of students in social and moral activities may also helpful in increasing moral
intelligence; it may also be developed and increased by motivational speakers, who may deliver speeches and lectures on moral
intelligence topic.
An Empirical Study of Work-Family Field: Identifying Psychographic Predictors of WorkFamily Conflict
(54 Downloads)
1-Afsheen Masood: Assistant Professor, Institute of Applied Psychology,University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.2-Muhammad Sulman: PhD Scholar, School of Media & Communication Studies,University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.3-Arooj Arshad: Lecturer, School of Creative Arts, University of Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
This study propounds to examine the dynamics of relationship among
emotional intelligence, job satisfaction, and self-efficacy and work-family
conflict in female lawyers. Correlational Cross-sectional research design was implicated in
this research in order to test the hypothesis that emotional intelligence, self-efficacy and job
satisfaction are likely to predict work-family conflict in young female lawyers. The sample
comprised of n= 200 female lawyers, age ranging between 30-50 years, recruited from the
civil and high court of Lahore, Pakistan. SPSS 23.0 was used to execute analyses that revealed
that emotional intelligence was somehow having negative relationship with work-family
conflict yet positively associated with self-efficacy. Findings of linear regression analysis
divulge that emotional intelligence and self-efficacy are significant negative predictors of
work-family conflict. Results from the current research provide insight for future researchers
in seeking line of further inquiry on psychosocial dynamics of work-family life patterns of
female lawyers.
Examining the Spending Patterns of Compensated Displaced Households (CDHs): Empirical Evidence from DiamerBasha Dam Site
(45 Downloads)
1-Arsalan Ahmad Khan: MPhil Scholar, Department of Economics, University of Peshawar, KP, Pakistan.2-Saranjam Baig: Assistant Professor, Department of Economics, Karakorum International University, Gilgit, Pakistan.3-Abid Hussain: Lecturer,Department of Economics,Karakorum International University, Gilgit, Pakistan.
This research has two objectives. First, it explores the spending patterns of the households who receive monetary
compensation for their land that government takes over for initiating national projects; in our case, it is about
building the countrys largest dam. Second, it examines what we call the demonstration effects. Literature abounds with cases
examining behaviors of internally displaced individuals while the opposite is true for the compensated displaced households. This
is the backdrop, this research carried out a field survey to collect data for 192 households. The compensation received is divided into
communal land compensation and private land compensation. In line with arguments with the Keynesian consumption function that
provides the theoretical foundation to our empirical work, findings suggest a positive and significant correlation between spending
patterns and private land compensation while the communal compensation appears to be insignificant. Education and one out of
two demonstration effects have positive influence on spending behaviors.