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Global Regional Review

Contents Volume V Issue III (Summer 2020)

Interplay of COVID-19 induced Stress and Psychological Effects on Students' Language Learning: A Mixed Approach
Abstract:	The present research explores the interplay between COVID induced stress and its probable effects on students' language learning. It hopes to demonstrate to what extent students experienced stress owing to quarantine. How that stress affected their language learning and what probable strategies they devised in order to tackle that stress. Furthermore, it also tries to see whether female students experienced greater stress as compared to male students. The theoretical insights for this have been drawn from the 'Transactional Model of Stress' developed by Lazarus and Folkman in 1984. The method chosen for this paper was a mixed approach, including close-ended questionnaires using 'Google forms' and open-ended call interviews through WhatsApp. The results t found shows that above 90% of learn ... Read More - Download PDF - View Fulltext
Author/s:	1-Mamona Yasmin Khan Assistant Professor, Department of English, Women University Multan, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan. 2-Fariha Chaudhary Assistant Professor, Department of English, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan. 3-Aqsa Choudhry M.Phil. Scholar, Department of English, Women University Multan, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan.
Keywords:	COVID-19, Quarantine, Psychological Stress, Anxiety, Digital Literacy, Language Learning, Environmental Stress, Online Teaching in Pakistan
DOI Number:	10.31703/grr.2020(V-III).01	DOI Link:	http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2020(V-III).01
Page Nos:	1-12	Volume & Issue:	V-III
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Issues and Problems in the Procedure of Quality Assurance Practices in Public and Private Universities of Punjab, Pakistan
Abstract:	This study was undertaken to find issues and problems in quality assurance practices in public and private sector higher education institutes of Punjab Pakistan. There was a total of 156 faculty members (male & female) in the selected four departments of 10 selected universities (5 from public and five from private) which constitute an accessible population of this study. All the teachers and head of departments of those selected departments were the respondents of this study. The self-constructed instrument was validated by expert opinion and pilot testing. The responses of the faculty members were measured with the help of frequency and their percentages, mean and standard deviations. Each table is formed on the basis of the variables of the study. It was concluded that the biggest hurdl ... Read More - Download PDF - View Fulltext
Author/s:	1-Muhammad Nisar Ul Haq Assistant Professor, Department of Educational Development, Karakoram International University, Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan. 2-Uzma Shahzadi Assistant Professor, Department of Education, University of Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan. 3-Sadia Ayaz PhD Scholar, Department of Education, The University of Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
Keywords:	Quality Assurance, Higher Education Commission, Higher Education Institutes
DOI Number:	10.31703/grr.2020(V-III).02	DOI Link:	http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2020(V-III).02
Page Nos:	13-23	Volume & Issue:	V-III
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Investigating the Role of the Text by which Religious Practices are Projected in the Local and Imported Textbooks
Abstract:	The current study is an attempt to notice and compare the results of foreign and local religious practices present in selected Pakistani and imported English textbooks prescribed for students of Punjab (Pakistan). The content analysis was employed to find out the percentages of categories and subcategories of reading passages and exercises of the prescribed English textbooks in this research. For relevant data collection, an eclectic model was devised as some of the major categories with slight modification were taken from Stern, H.H. (1983) model in which he proposed six aspects of culture teaching. While in the formation of sub-categories the researcher has employed his own teaching experience. Religious performances are separated into five subcategories equally in the two textbook ... Read More - Download PDF - View Fulltext
Author/s:	1-Muhammad Ahsan Lecturer, Department of English, Ghazi University Dera Ghazi Khan, Punjab, Pakistan. 2-Muhammad Naeem Lecturer, Department of English, Ghazi University Dera Ghazi Khan, Punjab, Pakistan. 3-Noshaba Younus Assistant Professor, Department of English, Riphah International University Faisalabad Campus, Punjab, Pakistan.
Keywords:	Ideology, Foreign Language Education, Inter-Cultural Speaker.
DOI Number:	10.31703/grr.2020(V-III).03	DOI Link:	http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2020(V-III).03
Page Nos:	24-31	Volume & Issue:	V-III
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Relationship of Personality Characteristics with Organizational Commitment among Secondary School Teachers
Abstract:	The study aimed to find out the relationship of personality characteristics with organizational commitment among secondary school teachers. The study was descriptive in nature, and survey approach was used. The study was delimited to Punjab province. All the secondary school teachers teaching secondary classes were the population. The sample comprised of 330 SSTs selected via random sampling technique. Two self-developed reliable questionnaires were appreciated and validated before data administration. The analysis was performed using descriptive and inferential statistics through SPSS version 21. The findings of the study indicated that there is a positive and significant relationship was found between personality characteristics and organizational commitment among secondary school ... Read More - Download PDF - View Fulltext
Author/s:	1-Faiza Nazir PhD Scholar, Department of Education, The University of Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2-Khalid Rashid Assistant Professor, Department of Education, The University of Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 3-Uzma Shahzadi Assistant Professor, Department of Education, University of Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan.
Keywords:	Personality Characteristics, Organizational Commitment, Relationship, Training, Refresher Course, Secondary School Teachers.
DOI Number:	10.31703/grr.2020(V-III).04	DOI Link:	http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2020(V-III).04
Page Nos:	32-39	Volume & Issue:	V-III
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Effects of Circuit Training on Cardio-Respiratory Endurance Among College Students
Abstract:	The main purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of circuit training on cardiorespiratory endurance among college students. The thirty healthy and volunteered students were selected as subjects through Physical readiness questionnaire (PAR-Q) having an age of 18-22 years. Subjects were equally divided into two groups as Experimental and Control. The data on cardiorespiratory endurance was collected (before and after the treatment) of each subject of both groups through the Copper test. The treatment of circuit training was given to the experimental group three times a week on alternate days for 12 weeks. During the same period, the control group did not take part in any sort of special training except routine life activities. The data were analyzed by applying the paired sample ... Read More - Download PDF - View Fulltext
Author/s:	1-Irfan Ullah Khattak Assistant professor, Department of Higher Education, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. 2-Syed Zia Ul Islam Head of Department Sports Sciences and Physical Education, Gomal University Dera Ismail Khan, KP, Pakista. 3-Mehwish Manzoor Visiting Lecturer, Department of Physical Education, University of Narowal, Punjab, Pakistan.
Keywords:	Circuit Training, Cardio-Respiratory Endurance, College Students
DOI Number:	10.31703/grr.2020(V-III).05	DOI Link:	http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2020(V-III).05
Page Nos:	40-47	Volume & Issue:	V-III
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Exploring the Socio-economic Factors of Career Decision-Making among Tertiary Education Students in South Punjab
Abstract:	The main objectives of this study were to find the enticing factors of career decision making process among tertiary level students in south Punjab, Pakistan. Data were collected through a survey, and quantitative methods were used for analysis to present evidence to verify the research hypothesis of this study. The many enticing factors were assessed through a structured questionnaire. Family background, family system, parental cultural capital, household income level, parental occupations, peer group influence on the career decision-making process, all these factors of career decision making the process of the students were observed through a structured questionnaire. In order to obtain an overall picture of the data, a descriptive analysis was applied to frequencies distribution; bivar ... Read More - Download PDF - View Fulltext
Author/s:	1-Ghulam Abbas PhD. Scholar, Department of Sociology, Government College University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. 2-Muhammad Farooq Associate Professor, Department of Sociology, Government College University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. 3-Babak Mehmood Associate Professor, Department of Sociology, Government College University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan.
Keywords:	Enticing Factors, Parental Cultural Capital, Career Decision, Tertiary Education
DOI Number:	10.31703/grr.2020(V-III).06	DOI Link:	http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2020(V-III).06
Page Nos:	48-55	Volume & Issue:	V-III
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Relationship Between the Family Roles and Attachment Styles Among Adult Children of Alcoholic Fathers in Pakistan
Abstract:	Studies suggest that alcoholism is on the rise around the world, with many individuals facing the damaging consequences of this affliction. Children of Alcoholics (COAs) deal with several psychosocial issues that manifest themselves in the forms of defense mechanisms, or roles which affect their attachment styles and personal relationships. Purposive sampling was used on 398 participants (201 males, 197 females). The first one was for the participants (18 to 25 age range, the minimum level of education: tenth grade). The second was the fathers of the adult children, admitted in rehabilitation for alcoholism. The third foundation for setting the criteria was the family (a nuclear family system and has at least three siblings). A chisquare test for independence was significant [x2 (8, N ... Read More - Download PDF - View Fulltext
Author/s:	1-Ivan Suneel Assistant Professor (Chair-Person), Forman Christian College (A Chartered University) Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2-Elizabeth Schwaiger Suneel Assistant Professor (Chair-Person), Forman Christian College (A Chartered University) Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 3-Sarah Anthoney Campus Counselor, Forman Christian College (A Chartered University) Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
Keywords:	Alcoholism, Children of Alcoholics, Attachment, Family Roles, Pakistan.
DOI Number:	10.31703/grr.2020(V-III).07	DOI Link:	http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2020(V-III).07
Page Nos:	56-63	Volume & Issue:	V-III
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Urban Women Household Experiences during COVID-19 Pandemic: A Case Study of Turbat Kech Baluchistan
Abstract:	The current study aims at exploring the experiences of working women in the domain of household responsibilities, along with their professional duties during COVID-19. The study was conducted in Turbat Kech, the southern part of Baluchistan, using a qualitative research method. Data for the study was collected through an interview guide from 30 working women, who were selected using a purposive sampling strategy. The study findings show that family conflicts and domestic issues were on the rise during the pandemic. Moreover, the burden of household and professional responsibilities was higher among females from middle-income households rather than lower-income households. The women were not only faced with performing their work responsibilities from home; they also had to carry out t ... Read More - Download PDF - View Fulltext
Author/s:	1-Nooral Barkat M. Phil Scholar, Department of Sociology, Quaid-e-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2-Sadia Saeed Assistant Professor, Department of Sociology, Quaid-e-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan. 3-Rahat Shah PhD Scholar, Department of Sociology, Quaid-e-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
Keywords:	Covid-19 Pandemic, Household Women, Domestic Violence, Lockdown, Baluchistan
DOI Number:	10.31703/grr.2020(V-III).08	DOI Link:	http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2020(V-III).08
Page Nos:	64-73	Volume & Issue:	V-III
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Analysis of Knowledge Exchange Between Higher Education Institutions & Businesses for Establishing Entrepreneurial Universities in Quetta, Balochistan
Abstract:	The term "Entrepreneurial University" has prominent attention in the western world after the "Triple Helix Model" presented by Leydesdorff and Etzkowitz where it shaped the research outcomes in the form of patents, marketable brands, products and services that paved the way for traditional universities to transform into entrepreneurial university and the higher education institutions became self-sufficient in monetary terms and contribute to the economic growth of the nations. Though there are remarkable acceptance for this concept and many western higher education institutions, developed Asian countries and their universities benefited from transforming their research into valued monetary research while less developed countries still struggling in this direction to transform their h ... Read More - Download PDF - View Fulltext
Author/s:	1-Muhammad Hanif MS Scholar, Institute of Management Sciences, University of Balochistan, Quetta, Balochistan, Pakistan. 2-Saubia Ramzan Professor, Faculty of Management Sciences, Business and Information Technology, University of Balochistan, Quetta, Balochistan, Pakistan. 3-Muzammila Akram Assistant Professor, Department of Educational Training, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan.
Keywords:	Entrepreneurial University, Triple Helix Model, Higher Education Institutions (HEIs), Research and Innovation.
DOI Number:	10.31703/grr.2020(V-III).09	DOI Link:	http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2020(V-III).09
Page Nos:	74-90	Volume & Issue:	V-III
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A Qualitative Study on Classroom Management of Undergraduate Students: A Case of Information Technologies Class
Abstract:	The purpose of the current study was to explore the classroom management problems faced by teachers of ICT. The study revealed the underlying problems and highlighted the reasons behind the issues. Moreover, the study suggested a possible solution for effective classroom management. A questionnaire comprising 10 open-ended questions was prepared to collect data from 3 teachers who were teaching at universities to undergraduate students. Interviews were conducted with the participants to know their responses. The responses were analyzed using thematic analysis/content analysis. The study concluded that students' disruptive behavior is a common classroom issue that teachers face in their instruction process. Teachers can deal with classroom management issues by developing a positive relation ... Read More - Download PDF - View Fulltext
Author/s:	1-Ghulam Ali Kerio Assistant Professor, Department of Teachers Education, Shah Abdul Latif University, Khairpur, Sindh, Pakistan. 2-Naimatullah Keeryo MS Research Scholar, Sindh Madressatul Islam University, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. 3-Anjum Bano Kazimi Professor, Department of Education, IQRA University, Gulshan Camps Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan.
Keywords:	Qualitative Study; Classroom Management; Undergraduate Students and Information and Communication Technology (ICT)
DOI Number:	10.31703/grr.2020(V-III).10	DOI Link:	http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2020(V-III).10
Page Nos:	91-100	Volume & Issue:	V-III
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Attitude, Knowledge and Practice of Self-Medication Among the Students of Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan
Abstract:	Self-medication is the usage of medicines to resolve self-identified health issues, and it is common in third world nations. The current study aimed to measure the attitude, knowledge and use of self-medication among the students of Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab Pakistan. To achieve the objective of this study, a descriptive cross-sectional survey design was applied. Using simple random sampling technique, 330 students were selected for data collection from the target population. Keeping in view the objectives and reviewing some relevant literature, a questionnaire was developed. The validity and reliability of the questionnaire were calculated through a pilot study. To analyze the data, the statistical package for social science (SPSS, version-22) was utilized. Overall, the maj ... Read More - Download PDF - View Fulltext
Author/s:	1-Muzammila Akram Assistant Professor, Department of Educational Training, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. 2-Sania Moin MPhil Scholar, Department of Educational Training, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. 3-Sabiha Iqbal Assistant Professor, Department of Educational Training, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan.
Keywords:	Self-Medication, Practice, Medicine, Over the Counter (OTC) Drug, Attitude, University Students
DOI Number:	10.31703/grr.2020(V-III).11	DOI Link:	http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2020(V-III).11
Page Nos:	101-110	Volume & Issue:	V-III
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The Impact of Administrators' Leadership Styles in Provision of Quality Education in Secondary Schools Level
Abstract:	The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of administrators' leadership styles in the provision of quality in Punjab, Pakistan. In this study, a self-designed questionnaire was used as a tool. This study was used simple random sampling technique. A total of 573 teachers from 288 secondary schools were involved. Data were analyzed by using frequency, percentage, average value, standard deviation, correlation Pearson product-moment, and numerous regression step-by-step method. The findings show that there are two types of leadership, autocratic and democratic leadership styles that have a significant impact on the provision of quality education. In addition, both leadership styles are projected to provide quality education at a level of 56.80 percent, with an important level of 0.0 ... Read More - Download PDF - View Fulltext
Author/s:	1-Zafar Hussain PhD Scholar, Department of Education, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. 2-Muhammad Javed Associate Professor, Department of Educational Training, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. 3-Akhtar Ali Dean, Faculty of Education, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan.
Keywords:	Leadership Styles, Administration, Autocratic, Democratic, Quality Education
DOI Number:	10.31703/grr.2020(V-III).12	DOI Link:	http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2020(V-III).12
Page Nos:	111-120	Volume & Issue:	V-III
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Identification of Parents and Community Expectations from School and their Children at Primary Level: An Exploratory Research
Abstract:	The purpose of the current study was to identify parents and community expectations from schools and their children at primary level. The objectives of the study were (a) to study what parents and community expect from the children; (b) to critically examine the problems and issues related to parents' expectations, and (c) to identify the present situation of parents and community expectations from school and children. The nature of this research was descriptive, and quantitative approaches were used to gather information. Total 300 participants, including teachers, parents and community members, were selected through convenient sampling technique. A questionnaire was used as a tool to gather information from the respondents. The collected data were analyzed with the help of software SPSS ... Read More - Download PDF - View Fulltext
Author/s:	1-Tehrima Sundas MPhil Scholar, Department of Education, National College of Business Administration & Economics, Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. 2-Aisha Yasmeen MPhil Scholar, Department of Education, National College of Business Administration & Economics, Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. 3-Safura Fatima MPhil Scholar, Department of Education, National College of Business Administration & Economics, Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan.
Keywords:	Parents Involvement and Community Expectations
DOI Number:	10.31703/grr.2020(V-III).13	DOI Link:	http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2020(V-III).13
Page Nos:	121-127	Volume & Issue:	V-III
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Pakistani Diaspora Cultural Transformation Under Globalization in Shamsie's Home Fire
Abstract:	This research explores the cultural dimension of globalization that has transformed the lives of masses experiencing Pakistani diaspora in Kamila Shamsie's Home Fire that reflects the life and sensibilities of the diaspora community, especially after 9/11. Shamsie takes into account how the lives of the Pakistani diaspora Muslim community got into difficulties, especially after 9/11. Manfred B. Steger's theorization serves as a framework to evaluate cultural transformation under the ever increasing influence of globalization through media. This article examines the transformation in the life and identity of the Pakistanis residing in the West because of media and language. This study also reveals that Pakistani Anglophone fiction has a well-established place in the literary world and ... Read More - Download PDF - View Fulltext
Author/s:	1-Asma Zafar Lecturer, Department of English, National University of Modern Languages, Faisalabad Campus, Punjab, Pakistan. 2-Ali Usman Saleem Assistant Professor, Department of English, Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. 3-Asma Haseeb Qazi Assistant Professor, National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad, Pakistan.
Keywords:	Culture, Globalization, Media, Pakistani Anglophone Fiction, Transformation.
DOI Number:	10.31703/grr.2020(V-III).14	DOI Link:	http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2020(V-III).14
Page Nos:	128-135	Volume & Issue:	V-III
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Attitude of Pakistani Muslims toward Banned Controversial Advertisements
Abstract:	Advertising is a complete process of communication, and it plays an essential role and develops the strongest link between advertisers and their target audience. But, some advertisements are considered controversial because of the content or product, and they may generate negative responses. Religious and social restrictions did not give enough leeway for creative freedom. The main objective of this study is to find out the attitude of Pakistani Muslims toward controversial advertisements. Data were collected from the 525 Pakistanis using a cross-sectional study design. The study adopted convenience sampling through the personally-administered method. Findings of the study show that the overall attitude of Pakistani Muslims toward controversial advertisements is negative, and respondents d ... Read More - Download PDF - View Fulltext
Author/s:	1-Abdul Rehman Madni Lecturer, Department of Communication and Media Studies, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan. 2-Ali Hassan Lecturer, Department of Media Studies, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. 3-Arshad Ali Assistant Professor, Center for Media and Communication Studies, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, Punjab, Pakistan.
Keywords:	Attitude, Pakistani Muslims, Controversial Advertisements
DOI Number:	10.31703/grr.2020(V-III).15	DOI Link:	http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2020(V-III).15
Page Nos:	136-143	Volume & Issue:	V-III
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Exposure to Social Media Advertisements and Youth's Response
Abstract:	The major purpose of this study is to examine the effects of social media advertising on the purchase behaviour of young university students. The study employed an exploratory research design and cross-sectional survey technique. On the basis of a comprehensive literature review, research hypotheses were formulated to investigate the relationship between study variables. The primary data were collected using questionnaires from students of public sector universities operating in the city of Faisalabad, Pakistan. Non-probability and convenience sampling were adopted in the selection of target respondents, which were 283 students, both day-scholars and boarding students. The findings reveal that social media advertising affects the purchasing behaviour of social media users. The recomm ... Read More - Download PDF - View Fulltext
Author/s:	1-Ashraf Iqbal Incharge, Department of Mass Communication, Government College University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. 2-Tanveer Hussain Assistant Professor, School of Media and Communication Studies, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 3-Rashid Aslam MPhil Scholar, Government College University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan.
Keywords:	Social Media Marketing, Consumer Buying Behaviour, Social Media Advertisement, Buying Decision Process, Youth Response
DOI Number:	10.31703/grr.2020(V-III).16	DOI Link:	http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2020(V-III).16
Page Nos:	144-150	Volume & Issue:	V-III
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Effectiveness of Instructions in Academic Achievements: an Experimental Study using 7E's Instructional Model
Abstract:	The uneven temperament of the educational scheme has a subterranean impact on student's academics. Experts are determined to conceive alternatives to meet up with this confront. It necessitates the time that our education system must change the itinerary to prepare the new generation fully equipped with knowledge and skills. This is an experimental study and based on the constructivist approach of learning following 7E's instructional model. Key objectives, to assess the effectiveness of instructions based on 7E's instructional model in student's academic achievements, to compare experimental and controlled group at both pre and post-test phase. Hypotheses were analyzed using spss. It was concluded that 7E's instructional model based instructions are significantly effective in enhancing st ... Read More - Download PDF - View Fulltext
Author/s:	1-Faheemullah Khan SS&PE, Gomal University Dera Ismail Khan, KP, Pakistan. 2-Salahuddin Khan Professor, SS&PE, Gomal University Dera Ismail Khan, KP, Pakistan. 3-Zia Ul Islam SS&PE, Gomal University Dera Ismail Khan, KP, Pakistan.
Keywords:	Constructivist Approach, 7E's Instructional Model, Academic Achievements, Physical Education, Higher Secondary School Level
DOI Number:	10.31703/grr.2020(V-III).17	DOI Link:	http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2020(V-III).17
Page Nos:	151-165	Volume & Issue:	V-III
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Least-Square Models with Structural Breaks for Price-Demand Relationship of Prevention-Commodities to Covid-19 Disease: Evidence from Pooled Weekly Data of Hand Sanitizers, Face-Masks and Vitamin-C Su
Abstract:	The present study employs log-log models and comparatively estimates the price-demand relationship of hand sanitizers, face-masks and vitamin-c supplements as COVID-19 prevention-commodities both before and after the exponential spread of the current pandemic. A novel weekly data is collected and generated by a two-stage stratified sampling technique in a field survey from five capital and most populous cities of Pakistan. The least-square methods with structural breaks are employed for city-wise assessment, while fully modified ordinary least square methods are employed for the pooled panel of Pakistan. The structural breaks are assessed using a priori information via graphical analysis as well as employing the global information criterion of structural breaks. The findings suggest ... Read More - Download PDF - View Fulltext
Author/s:	1-Aziz Ahmed PhD Scholar/Lecturer, Department of Economics, Baluchistan University of Information Technology Engineering and Management Science (BUITMS), Quetta, Baluchistan, Pakistan. 2-Nagina Gul Assistant Professor, Faculty of Management Sciences, Balochistan University of Information Technology Engineering & Management Sciences, (BUITEMS), Quetta, Baluchistan, Pakistan. 3-Muhammad Shakeel PhD Scholar, Federal Urdu University of Arts, Science & Technology (FUUAST), Islamabad Campus, Islamabad, Pakistan.
Keywords:	Price-Demand Relationship; Public Health Management; World Health Organization, Pandemic Prevention-Pharmacy-Commodities; COVID-19 Structural Breaks; Weekly Pooled Data
DOI Number:	10.31703/grr.2020(V-III).18	DOI Link:	http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2020(V-III).18
Page Nos:	166-182	Volume & Issue:	V-III
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Necessity of Discretionary Powers: A Critical Appreciation as a Necessary Evil
Abstract:	With the evolution of the modern welfare state system, state functions have multiplied manifold that consequently necessitated delegation of wide-ranged discretionary powers in the hands of administrative authorities to address ever-growing complex issues with the help of framing rules and deciding matters accordingly, which otherwise came within the exclusive domain of legislative and judicial authorities. With qualitative research methodology, this research aimed to investigate how the idea of administration emerges and whether or not discretion is an unavoidable evil. The research at hand conceptualized administrative actions, various modes for conferring discretion, and explicated its pros and cons. This paper also examined how discretion is a need of modern administrative dispensation ... Read More - Download PDF - View Fulltext
Author/s:	1-Bakht Munir Lecturer, Institute of Languages and Linguistics, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2-Ali Nawaz Khan Assistant Professor, University Law College, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 3-Naveed Ahmad Assistant Professor, University Law College, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
Keywords:	Discretion, Delegation, Quasi-Judicial Action, Quasi-Legislative Action, Welfare State
DOI Number:	10.31703/grr.2020(V-III).19	DOI Link:	http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2020(V-III).19
Page Nos:	183-191	Volume & Issue:	V-III
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Exploring Perceived Barriers in Career Planning And Counseling Among Students
Abstract:	Career planning is an intensive process that is directed towards the achievement of career goals. One needs to have a career direction to move forward, along with a passion for that career. People desire to achieve professional goals through career planning and seeking counselling at various stages. This research explores the understanding of career planning and counselling among the students and identifies the factors playing a critical role in the career choice of an individual. It also focuses on hurdles faced during the process and the ways to address those issues. The results suggest that factors affecting career planning are environment-based. The hurdles that students come across are also aligned with that. Therefore to strengthen the ability of individuals to have better care ... Read More - Download PDF - View Fulltext
Author/s:	1-Shuja ul Islam Assistant Professor, FAST School of Management, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2-Shahida Noor Lecturer, Department of Governance and Public Policy, National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad, Pakistan. 3-Haider Ali Malik Assistant Professor, FAST School of Management, Islamabad, Pakistan.
Keywords:	Career Planning, Counselling, Student's Perceptions, Attitudes
DOI Number:	10.31703/grr.2020(V-III).20	DOI Link:	http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2020(V-III).20
Page Nos:	192-203	Volume & Issue:	V-III
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Evaluation of M. Sc Physical Education Program in Public Sector Institutions; Teachers' Perspective
Abstract:	The present study aimed at the evaluation of the M.Sc physical education program in public sector institutions in the context of teacher educators. The objectives of the study were (a) to evaluate the M.Sc Physical Education Program in public sector universities and colleges on the basis of CIPP, (b) to explore the strengths and weaknesses of the M.Sc Physical Education Program in Pakistan and (c) to suggest measures for further improvement of the M.Sc Program in Pakistan. A validated 44 items questionnaire for teacher educators was used for the collection of data. A Chi-square test was applied to the collected data. It was recommended that regular seminars and sports workshops might be organized to improve the research and report writing skills. It was also recommended that proper p ... Read More - Download PDF - View Fulltext
Author/s:	1-Zulfiqar Ali PET, Department Elementary & Secondary Education, KP, Pakistan. 2-Asad Khan PhD Scholar, Department of Education, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, KP, Pakistan. 3-Farooq Hussain HOD, Department of Physical Education, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, KP, Pakistan.
Keywords:	Physical Education, Public Sector Institutions, Teachers
DOI Number:	10.31703/grr.2020(V-III).21	DOI Link:	http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2020(V-III).21
Page Nos:	204-213	Volume & Issue:	V-III
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Emergence of Application Based Transportation and its Impacts on Travelling Trends: A Case Study of Lahore
Abstract:	The urban transportation system impacts the sustainable development of a country. Ride sourcing is a transportation model that operates under the notion of sharing economy. This study attempts to identify the changes in travel patterns of the users, particularly female users and their access to space. Focusing on how for the women in Lahore, the mobility has changed? The data for this research has been collected from passengers and drivers of ride-sourcing in Lahore through structured questionnaires. Structural equation modelling (SEM) was used to do the econometric analysis of consumers and drivers. Main findings indicate that for females, there is a significant shift in travel patterns from conventional modes (family car, public transportation) towards ride-sourcing. The results in ... Read More - Download PDF - View Fulltext
Author/s:	1-Hammna Jillani Teaching Associate, Department of Environmental Science & Policy (Lahore School of Economics), Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2-Hesan Zahid Department of Commerce & Finance (G C University, Lahore), Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 3-Nosheen Rasool In-Charge, Department of Commerce & Finance (G C University, Lahore), Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
Keywords:	App Based Transportation, On-Demand Ride Service, Online Taxi, Ride Sharing, RideHailing and Transportation Network Companies
DOI Number:	10.31703/grr.2020(V-III).22	DOI Link:	http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2020(V-III).22
Page Nos:	214-229	Volume & Issue:	V-III
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Role of Diplomacy and Deterrence in Managing Pakistan-India Crisis: A Case Study of Post-Bombay Attacks Crisis
Abstract:	The menace of terrorism gives another blow to Indo-Pak relations in 2008 when the terrorists hit Mumbai, one of the major economic hubs of India killing hundreds of people and creating panic for almost four days. India alleged Pakistan for its involvement in the attack. India claimed that Pakistan's territory was used against India. Pakistan rejected Indian allegation, condemned the terrorist attacks and stated that it has no involvement in the terrorist attacks. The major objective of this article is to look at the role of nuclear deterrence in averting war between India and Pakistan during 2008 postMumbai Attacks crisis. The qualitative methodology is used in this research. Semi structured interviews give a rich data to better understand the crisis. The article gives three findings. ... Read More - Download PDF - View Fulltext
Author/s:	1-Farooque Ahmed Leghari Assistant Professor, Department of International Relations, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Singh, Pakistan. 2-Hussain Abbas PhD Scholar, School of Politics and International Relations, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan. 3-Ashfaque Ali Banbhan Assistant Professor, Institute of Commerce, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan.
Keywords:	India, Pakistan, Nuclear Deterrence, War, Crisis, Peace, Diplomacy
DOI Number:	10.31703/grr.2020(V-III).23	DOI Link:	http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2020(V-III).23
Page Nos:	230-237	Volume & Issue:	V-III
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Impact of Teacher Effectiveness on Students' Engagement at University Level
Abstract:	This research work has focused on the investigation of The Impact of Teacher Effectiveness on Students' Engagement at the University Level. A quantitative research design was adopted to collect data from the respondents who included the teaching faculty of Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan. The major objectives of the study were to investigate the impact of teachers' qualification and experience on the students' engagement. It also investigated the gender-wise difference of teachers' effectiveness on students' engagement. Findings of the study show that teachers' qualification and experience has no direct impact on the students' engagement.. ... Read More - Download PDF - View Fulltext
Author/s:	1-Madeeha Murad Lecturer, Department of Education, University of Chitral, KP, Pakistan. 2-Abdul Ghaffar Associate Professor, Department of Education, AWKUM, Mardan, PK, Pakistan. 3-Samreen Mehmood Assistant Professor, Department of Education, AWKUM, Mardan, PK, Pakistan.
Keywords:	Teacher Effectiveness, Students' Engagement, Interest & Regularity
DOI Number:	10.31703/grr.2020(V-III).24	DOI Link:	http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2020(V-III).24
Page Nos:	238-246	Volume & Issue:	V-III
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Supervision of Research at Higher Education: Perception and Practices of Supervisors in Karachi Pakistan
Abstract:	The purpose of this research study was to find the perceptions and practices of researchers who supervised the research scholars at the higher education level. It is the common complaint of the students that their supervisors do not cooperate and resultantly the research study does not complete quite well in time. A quality research approach was adopted for the purpose, and sixteen research supervisors were interviewed. Responses of the supervisors who were included in this research for finding problems the supervisors are facing in the process of research supervision at higher education level, data were collected through open-ended questions which were presented during personal interviews to supervisors from private and government universities, both from social sciences and from app ... Read More - Download PDF - View Fulltext
Author/s:	1-Pervaiz Ali Mahesar Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan. 2-Farzana Jabeen Assistant Professor, Department of Teacher Education, Shah Abdul Latif University, Khairpur, Sindh, Pakistan. 3-Mubina Pathan Associate Professor, Information Technology Center, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam, Sindh, Pakistan.
Keywords:	Supervisory, Higher Education, Perception, Practices
DOI Number:	10.31703/grr.2020(V-III).25	DOI Link:	http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2020(V-III).25
Page Nos:	247-254	Volume & Issue:	V-III
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Critical Thinking and Curriculum of English at Higher Secondary School Level in Pakistan
Abstract:	International competitiveness, new technologies and changing markets resulted in a paradigm shift in education that demanded to enrich students with higher-order thinking skills, especially critical thinking. National Curriculum Pakistan was developed and launched in 2006. The curriculum of English (2006) has been devised to provide opportunities for language development of learners to equip them with the competencies that help to better adapt to knowledge advancement and ever-changing local and global society. To investigate if the intended curriculum of English has the goals of higher-order thinking and the planned curriculum in the form of textbooks, is designed keeping in view the current demands of competitive competencies for what the National curriculum of English was planned, ... Read More - Download PDF - View Fulltext
Author/s:	1-Ms Bushra PhD Scholar, Department of Educational Planning Policy Studies and Leadership, Allama Iqbal Open University Islamabad, Pakistan. 2-Afshan Huma Assistant Professor, Department of Educational Planning Policy Studies and Leadership, Allama Iqbal Open University Islamabad, Pakistan.
Keywords:	21st Century Skills, Critical Thinking, Curriculum of English, Critical Analysis, Professional Development
DOI Number:	10.31703/grr.2020(V-III).26	DOI Link:	http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2020(V-III).26
Page Nos:	255-262	Volume & Issue:	V-III
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Status of ADR in Existing Laws of Pakistan: A Brief Study
Abstract:	This article highlights already working of Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) in existing laws of Pakistan and mentions the provisions in which Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) is already available in various federal as well as provincial laws of Pakistan, but unluckily has not been applied or followed properly and new legislations have been enacted. There is only a need to create awareness on the said topic. This article also points out the benefits of this system because it provides justice to people at their doorstep but also reduces the backlog of cases and lessens the burden on courts so that they can give genuine attention to matters serious in nature. There is a need to introduce this system at all levels, which will be beneficial not only for the legal system in particu ... Read More - Download PDF - View Fulltext
Author/s:	1-Abida Hassan Assistant Professor, Department of Law, University of South Asia, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2-Dil Muhammad Malik Dean, Department of Law, University of South Asia, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
Keywords:	ADR, Existing Laws, Dispute Resolution, Amicable, Code of Civil Procedure
DOI Number:	10.31703/grr.2020(V-III).27	DOI Link:	http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2020(V-III).27
Page Nos:	263-269	Volume & Issue:	V-III
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Decline of Separatist Movement in Sindh (1971-77): An Outcome of PPP Rise to Power
Abstract:	The decade of 1970 witnessed a landmark change in Sindh's political spectrum as the centripetal elements started to flourish while putting centrifugal politics into the background. Why did the political mosaic of Sindh alter? And how did it alter? These key questions are investigated in this study. Since this alteration owed the fundamental structural and ideological transformation of Pakistan's politics. Pakistan People's Party (PPP)) headed by a leader from rural Sindh formed a central government as well as the provincial government of Sindh. Various measures taken by the PPP government got appreciations of Sindhi masses and became a cause to promote greater attachment with the Pakistani state, which appeared estranged erstwhile. Hence, the hypothesis gets approved that the popular ... Read More - Download PDF - View Fulltext
Author/s:	1-Sultan Mubariz Khan Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science & IR, University of Gujrat, Punjab, Pakistan. 2-Asia Saif Alvi Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science & IR, University of Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan. 3-Farzana Zaheer Syed Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science, Government College for Women University Sialkot, Punjab, Pakistan.
Keywords:	Sindhi Nationalism, Regional Autonomy, Separatism, Economic Deprivations, Sindhi-Mohajir Contradiction
DOI Number:	10.31703/grr.2020(V-III).28	DOI Link:	http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2020(V-III).28
Page Nos:	270-278	Volume & Issue:	V-III
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American Indian Identity in The Heirs of Columbus
Abstract:	The present study aims to explore the identity construction in The Heirs of Columbus. The Heirs of Columbus exhibits the chronic representations of primitive inferior Indian constructed by the Euro Americans through the exercise of colonialism. These representations have been spread on both conscious and unconscious levels to maintain power and colonial hegemony. Gerald Vizenor deconstructs the stereotype Indian through his writings hence refute the eurocentric notion of stereotype native. He unveils the Eurocentric ideology by rewriting history in a subversive ironical way, records the construction of Indian thus reconstructs him in his narration. ... Read More - Download PDF - View Fulltext
Author/s:	1-Mehwish Ali Khan Lecturer, Department of English, Sardar Bahadur Khan Women's University Quetta, Balochistan, Pakistan. 2-Fahmida Manzoor Lecturer, Department of English, Sardar Bahadur Khan Women's University Quetta, Balochistan, Pakistan. 3-Shumaila Mazhar Assistant Professor, Department of English, Sardar Bahadur Khan Women's University Quetta, Balochistan, Pakistan.
Keywords:	American Indian, Identity, Eurocentric, Discourse of Power
DOI Number:	10.31703/grr.2020(V-III).29	DOI Link:	http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2020(V-III).29
Page Nos:	279-287	Volume & Issue:	V-III
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Integration of Mobile Learning in Education: Perceptions of Prospective Teachers
Abstract:	M-Learning is the use of mobile and handheld IT devices for learning. It became a cheaper source of information and communication, which is now in the access of anyone, anytime and anywhere using mobile devices. This qualitative research was conducted on 21 prospective teachers from the University of Education selected through stratified and random sampling techniques to explore the awareness and perception regarding M-Learning. The semi-structured interview protocol was used to collect the data. It was got validated by experts. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis. The study concluded that prospective teachers used mobile devices for communication, academics, recreation and social networking. M-Learning created ease in learning and improved it. It made learning flexible, gave ... Read More - Download PDF - View Fulltext
Author/s:	1-Rizwan Ahmad University of Education, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2-Fareeha Javed Head of TESOL Department, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 3-Safia Naveed School of Education Department, Government of Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
Keywords:	Perceptions, Mobile Learning, Handheld IT Devices, Information and Communication Technology, Classroom Environment, M-Learning Culture
DOI Number:	10.31703/grr.2020(V-III).30	DOI Link:	http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2020(V-III).30
Page Nos:	288-296	Volume & Issue:	V-III
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Social Change Model through Teaching of Islamiat for Secondary School Teachers: A Systematic Literature Review
Abstract:	Man is known as a social animal, and his journey from uncivilized to civilized human is only due to education. Means teachers are the main stakeholders to change society. Subject Islmiat in the education system of Pakistan from Primary to secondary school level and even at the higher education have a unique place. Islamiat has two major domains; ethics and virtues. Teachers have the duty to fulfil the needs of the nation, being a model or a subject of social change agent. Social change model based on the four basic elements, i.e. values and beliefs; physical environment; Technology, and diffusion. Teachers, especially the teachers of Islamiat with their pedagogy and course content, infuse and practice the ethics and virtues among their students with the help of creative and critical ... Read More - Download PDF - View Fulltext
Author/s:	1-Huma Naz Ph.D. Scholar, Department of Education, The Islamia University Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. 2-Najam Ul Kashif Assistant Professor, Department of Education, The Islamia University Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan.
Keywords:	Social Change, Islamiat Subject, Secondary School Teachers
DOI Number:	10.31703/grr.2020(V-III).31	DOI Link:	http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2020(V-III).31
Page Nos:	297-306	Volume & Issue:	V-III
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Appraisal of Public Diplomacy Strategies of Major States: Lessons for Pakistan
Abstract:	The objective of diplomacy is to advance a country's national interests; Public Diplomacy(PD) achieves this aim by communicating directly with the foreign publics and ultimately influencing their governments. Major global actors including the US, UK, China, South Korea, and India, utilize public diplomacy as a foreign policy instrument. All these countries have developed cohesive policies and strategies to conduct public diplomacy. Pakistan can also utilize public diplomacy to fulfil its foreign policy objectives. This research article analyzes the public diplomacy strategy of Pakistan along with the UK, US, China, South Korea and India in order to identify the various strategies and tools adopted by these states. This research only investigates public diplomacy policy and strategy; ... Read More - Download PDF - View Fulltext
Author/s:	1-Azka Gull Research Scholar, Department of International Relations, COMSATS, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2-Shabnam Gul Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 3-Shujat Ali Ministry of Defence, Pakistan
Keywords:	Public Diplomacy, Soft Power, Culture, Student Exchange Programs, Foreign Policy
DOI Number:	10.31703/grr.2020(V-III).32	DOI Link:	http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2020(V-III).32
Page Nos:	307-316	Volume & Issue:	V-III
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Positionality and Normative Geographies in Native American Women's Writings
Abstract:	The present study aims to revisit Louise Erdrich's Tracks, Polingaysi Qoyawayma's No Turning Back, and Diane Glancy's The Reason for Crows to understand the portrayal of normative geographies in these works. The study considers Tim Cresswell's theoretical formulations of normative geography to explore the constitution and Native American women's positionality within these normative geographic structures. The study maintains that Native American normative geographies are structured to maintain Native American patriarchal socio-cultural supremacy. The study also asserts that Native American woman is located at the margin of these biased normative geographic structures. ... Read More - Download PDF - View Fulltext
Author/s:	1-Fasih ur Rehman Lecturer in English, Khushal Khan Khattak University Karak, KP, Pakistan. 2-Atta-ul-Mustafa Assistant Professor (English), Department of Humanities & Linguistics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. 3-Mahjabeen Lecturer in English, Department of English, Lahore College for Women University, Jhang Campus, Punjab, Pakistan.
Keywords:	Marginalization, Native American Fiction, Native American Patriarchy, Native American Woman, Normative Geography
DOI Number:	10.31703/grr.2020(V-III).33	DOI Link:	http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2020(V-III).33
Page Nos:	317-323	Volume & Issue:	V-III
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Balance of Power between Pakistan and India: China's Role
Abstract:	China's rapid strategic elevation has been accompanied by its conscious efforts to have a dominant position in South Asia.China, a growing world power, is on the verge of having access to warm water and Euro-Asia. This has resulted in China's cordial relations with Pakistan. The convergence of interests regarding India is yet another factor shaping China-Pakistan friendship. Chinese initiatives in the South Asian region have expanded sharply in recent years. The paper explores China's position in South Asian politics and its role in balancing power between Pakistan and India. China's strategic interest in South Asia and its relation with India and Pakistan are discussed as the sole factors responsible for China's involvement in BOP between Pakistan and India. Secondary data has been collec ... Read More - Download PDF - View Fulltext
Author/s:	1-Uroosa Ishfaq Visiting Lecturer, Department of Political Science, Women University, Mardan, KP, Pakistan 2-Kashif Ashfaq MPhil Scholar, Department of Pakistan Studies, National University Of Modern Languages, Islamabad, Pakistan. 3-Saima Gul Lecturer, Department of International Relations, University of Peshawar, KP, Pakistan
Keywords:	China, Pakistan, India, Rivalry, Convergence of Interests, Balance of Power
DOI Number:	10.31703/grr.2020(V-III).34	DOI Link:	http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2020(V-III).34
Page Nos:	324‒329	Volume & Issue:	V-III
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Research Intends and Trends in Universities of Punjab Province..
Abstract:	Globalization has many advantages and disadvantages, and technology, advancements, and societal shifts have all influenced education. In today's world, research is a source of success and development. The study's objective was; to find out scholars' research intends and trends at the tertiary level. The study included all MS/M.Phil. Scholars in public and private universities of Punjab province. The study sample includes 341 researchers from four prestigious universities in Punjab. The researchers developed a questionnaire to gauge research scholars' intends and current research trends at the tertiary level. The study concluded that the libraries in universities do not have up-to-date material for research scholars.University teachers inspire and motivate their students to do research. It ... Read More - Download PDF - View Fulltext
Author/s:	1-Muhammad Qasim Ali PhD Scholar, Department of Education, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan 2-Najam Ul Kashif Assistant Professor, Department of Education, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan 3-Muhammad Irfan Chani Assistant Professor, COMSATS, Vehari Campus, Punjab, Pakistan.
Keywords:	Research Intends, Trends, Universities
DOI Number:	10.31703/grr.2020(V-III).35	DOI Link:	http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2020(V-III).35
Page Nos:	330-335	Volume & Issue:	V-III
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Economic Determinants of Foreign Direct Investment: Empirical Evidence from South Asian Economies
Abstract:	This study aims to explore the economic factors of foreign direct investment in five South Asian economies, including India,Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal, and Sri Lanka. Data period is ranging from 1996 to 2020. PMG panel ARDL model is used for estimating the coefficients of the investment demand function. I'm, Pesaran and Shin W-test and Levin, Lin, and Chu t-testsare used for finding stationary of the data. Panel Kao residuals co integration technique is applied for detecting the long-run co integration among the variables. This study finds that, first, economic growth, energy consumption, and education are positively contributing towards the inflow of FDI; second, gross capital formation, government debt, inflation, and debt servicing are negatively affecting the inflow of FDI in these ec ... Read More - Download PDF - View Fulltext
Author/s:	1-Shams ul Haq Lecturer, Alfalah University Nangarhar, Afghanistan 2-Muhammad Sohail Alam Khan Lecturer, Department of Economics, Faculty of Business and Economics, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, KP, Pakistan 3-Brekhana Gul Lecturer, Department of Economics, Faculty of Business and Economics, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, KP, Pakistan
Keywords:	FDI, GDP, Energy Consumption, Debt, PMG panel ARD
DOI Number:	10.31703/grr.2020(V-III).36	DOI Link:	http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2020(V-III).36
Page Nos:	336 ‒ 343	Volume & Issue:	V-III
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Indian Armed Intervention in East Pakistan and Creation of Bangladesh: A Critical Analysis under International Law
Abstract:	This paper aims at analyzing the nature of the Indian armed intervention in East Pakistan under International law. The unilateral armed intervention of the India led to the creation of Bangladesh without any resolution of the UN. Moreover,the controversial unilateral intervention of the India inside the territorial jurisdiction of the Pakistan was also not expressly supported by other significant number of states. There is a need to have a critical analysis of the Indian armed intervention in Eastern Pakistan under UN Charter and other relevant provisions of the International Law. The findings of this research paper will be based upon the critical review of existing literature on the insurgency in Eastern Pakistan, Indian intervention in Eastern Pakistan and the creation of Bangladesh. Thi ... Read More - Download PDF - View Fulltext
Author/s:	1-Adnan Rahman Faculty Member, Department of Law, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Muzaffarabad, Pakistan 2-Tehmina Aslam Director, Sundar STEM School and College, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan 3-Saqib Shahbaz Assistant Professor, Department of Law, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Mirpur University of Science and Technology (MUST), Mirpur, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan.
Keywords:	Armed Intervention, East Pakistan, Bangladesh, International Law and Territorial Integrity
DOI Number:	10.31703/grr.2020(V-III).37	DOI Link:	http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2020(V-III).37
Page Nos:	344 ‒ 353	Volume & Issue:	V-III
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Translanguaging Practices in the Multilingual Classroom: A Case Study of Pakistani University English Language Learners
Abstract:	The primary concern of this paper is to find out the use of the first language among English language learners belonging to diverse cultures and linguistic backgrounds. The studies conducted in the past have shown serious concern about shuttling between multiple languages, known as, Translanguaging; others have found it highly beneficial. Therefore, the primary aim is to explore the strategies adopted via translanguaging practices of learners with multiple literacies, using translanguaging in the university classroom as a valuable strategy. A qualitative research paradigm has guided the study,based on the theoretical framework of Creese and Blackledge's (2010) language ecology approach which exhibits the interdependence of existing linguistic knowledge acquired across languages. Sixty unde ... Read More - Download PDF
Author/s:	1-Muhammad Farooq Alam PhD Scholar, National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad, Pakistan.
Keywords:	Translanguaging, Bilingualism, linguistic knowledge, diverse backgrounds, Communicative Proficiency
DOI Number:	10.31703/grr.2020(V-III).38	DOI Link:	http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2020(V-III).38
Page Nos:	354 - 363	Volume & Issue:	V-III
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