Contents Volume II Issue I ( 2017)
| Distribution of Resource Revenues in Balochistan: A Gap in Pakistan's Policy Making | ||||
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| Abstract: | Since the discovery of oil and gas in Balochistan and Sindh, Punjab has
remained the primary consumer. The gas reserves that were found in 1952
reached the consumers of Baluchistan in 1986 in 14 urban townships. Other
than natural gas and oil the mineral deposits, their exploration and extraction
through foreign companies is raising eyebrows on the issue of the revenue
distribution. This paper is based on the MS thesis of the author,
Mismanagement of Natural Resources: Challenges to the stability of Pakistan
and its implications of Foreign Direct Investment (2005-2017). It discusses,
why there is lack of consensus between the central government and Balochistan
on the issue of minerals extraction and revenue distribution? It also addresses,
how mal-administration played a role in ... Read More - Download PDF - View Fulltext |
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| Author/s: | 1-Sadia Sohail MS Scholar, Department of Humanities, COMSATS University, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2-Sohail Ahmad Assistant Professor,Department of Humanities,COMSATS University, Islamabad, Pakistan.3-Noor Jehan Assistant Professor, Department of Economics,Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, KP, Pakistan. | |||
| Keywords: | Natural Resources, Riko Diq, Saindak, Coal, Revenue | |||
| DOI Number: | 10.31703/grr.2017(II-I).01 | DOI Link: | http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2017(II-I).01 | |
| Page Nos: | 1-15 | Volume & Issue: | II-I | |
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| Pakistan and Chinas Strategic Ties: Challenges and Opportunities in Trade Perspective | ||||
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| Abstract: | The 21st century is marked by power shifting from the west to the east. Thiscentury started a new debate in the world about the peaceful rise of China asan economic power. Many scholarly articles discuss China as a newsuperpower. Due to the peaceful rise of China, the major powers like USA andRussia are looking for new areas of cooperation with China. This cooperationproved the statement that “there are not permanent friends or foes ininternational relations, only interests are permanent” and these nationalinterests help the states to make their foreign policy. This is true in therelationship among states as well in the case of China ... Read More - Download PDF - View Fulltext |
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| Author/s: | 1-Zahid Yaseen Assistant Professor,Department of Political Science,GC Women University Sialkot, Punjab, Pakistan2-Manzoor Khan Afridi HOD,Department of Politic Science and IR,International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan.3-Muhammad Muzaffar Assistant Professor,Department of Political Science,GC Women University Sialkot, Punjab, Pakistan. | |||
| Keywords: | Strategic Ties, Pak- China Trade, Challenges, Opportunities | |||
| DOI Number: | 10.31703/grr.2017(II-I).02 | DOI Link: | http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2017(II-I).02 | |
| Page Nos: | 16-30 | Volume & Issue: | II-I | |
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| Pakistan's Politics of Alliances and the Role of Pakistani Military in Politics (1954-1958): Uneven and Combined Development | ||||
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| Abstract: | The states have to adjust to the pressure exerted by the 'international'; yet
impact of the 'international' on national politics has been ignored by
mainstream international relations theories. This study uses a framework of
"Uneven and Combined Development" to investigate the impact of Pakistan's
inclusion in the United States led defense pacts on Pakistan military's role in
domestic politics from 1954 to 1958. The central finding of this research is that
the United States preferred Pakistan military over political leadership in
Pakistan to checkmate communism in Asia as well as to stop communist political
parties gaining power in Pakistan. By participating in these international pacts,
the role of Pakistan military expanded in politics which culminated in the first
martial law ... Read More - Download PDF - View Fulltext |
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| Author/s: | 1-Ali Jibran PhD Scholar,Department of Politics and IR, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan.2-Syed Ali Shah Assistant Professor,Department of Pakistan Studies, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, KP, Pakistan.3-Muhammad Bilal Assistant Registrar, Women University, Swabi, KP, Pakistan | |||
| Keywords: | International Politics, Domestic Politics | |||
| DOI Number: | 10.31703/grr.2017(II-I).03 | DOI Link: | http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2017(II-I).03 | |
| Page Nos: | 31-44 | Volume & Issue: | II-I | |
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| Pakistan Civil-Military Relations in the Context of External Politics | ||||
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| Abstract: | Pakistan's military establishment defends its prominent role in the
society due to the set of complex threats and a series of conflicts which
Pakistan has been facing. At the time of its creation, Pakistan found itself
in the midst of instability due to the adverse policies of its rival
neighbors. Pakistan has the decisive position in the global power
politics. The disconcerting situation develop due to the sense of
guardianship. The army believes that the civilian government lacks the
vision and political insight which enables state to operate the affairs
other than the security issues without soliciting military institutions. ... Read More - Download PDF - View Fulltext |
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| Author/s: | 1-Shaista Taj PhD Scholar, Department of Political Science, Qurtuba University, Peshawar Campus, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan.2-Nazim Rahim Assistant Professor,Department of Political Science and IR, Qurtuba University of Science & IT, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan.3-Muhammad Shoaib Malik Assistant Professor,Department of Pakistan Studies, National University of Modern Languages Islamabad, Pakistan. | |||
| Keywords: | Military Institution, Civilian Government, Neighbors, Complex Threats | |||
| DOI Number: | 10.31703/grr.2017(II-I).04 | DOI Link: | http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2017(II-I).04 | |
| Page Nos: | 45-62 | Volume & Issue: | II-I | |
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| Sustainable Development and Women's rights in Pakistan - A Paradigmatic Analysis | ||||
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| Abstract: | Human rights is the essential aspect for existence with dignity and
poise on the planet. Its a truth universally acknowledge, that women are
making around half of the total populace, yet at the same time are
disregarded in varying backgrounds. Reasonable and practical steps are
vital for the development as a nation. In Human Rights, a neglected
aspect is “Women Rights” which is not neglected in academia but in
practical fields of life. The paper focuses on the existing circumstance of
women rights generally and particularly the circumstances of women
rights in Paksitan. The study examines present conditions and
circumstances, where women face varied issues. Conclusively, seven
essential recommendations are made for women rights in public as well
as in private organisations, ... Read More - Download PDF - View Fulltext |
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| Author/s: | 1-Muhammad Zia-ur Rehman Assistant Professor, Department of Leadership & Management Studies, National Defence University, Islamabad, Pakistan.2-Muzamil Shah Department of Law,Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, KP, Pakistan.3-Muhammad Usman Ullah Junior Research Fellow, Humanity Research Council, Islamabad, Pakistan. | |||
| Keywords: | Human Rights, Sustainable development goals, UNDP | |||
| DOI Number: | 10.31703/grr.2017(II-I).05 | DOI Link: | http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2017(II-I).05 | |
| Page Nos: | 63-69 | Volume & Issue: | II-I | |
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| Russification of Muslim Central Asia: An Overview of Language, Culture and Society | ||||
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| Abstract: | Russian influence in Muslim Muslim Central Asia was far reaching. The
transformational force of Russian presence first emerged in the administrative
setup and governance, soon it spread to the domain of education and
sociocultural symbols. The Muslim Central Asian society lost its connection
with Muslim world in neighborhood as Russian alphabets, lexemes and
structures. The Tsarist era initiated these changes but its scope remained
limited. In quest for making the Muslim Central Asians emulate the role of “new
Russian man” the Soviet era used force to popularize and cultivate Russian
language and culture. However, the distrust among Russian diaspora and
Muslim Central Asian local population was deep seated. Once the Soviet Union
fell, the demographic and linguistic changes we ... Read More - Download PDF - View Fulltext |
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| Author/s: | 1-Ayaz Ahmad Lecturer,Department of English, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Kp, Pakistan. 2-Sana Hussan Lecturer,Department of English,Women University Mardan, KP, Pakistan3-Syed Ali Shah Assistant Professor, Department of Pakistan Studies,Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, KP, Pakistan. | |||
| Keywords: | Muslim Central Asia, language Contact, Language Policy | |||
| DOI Number: | 10.31703/grr.2017(II-I).06 | DOI Link: | http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2017(II-I).06 | |
| Page Nos: | 70-85 | Volume & Issue: | II-I | |
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| Fairness and Media Frames in Conflict Situations | ||||
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| Abstract: | Because of the rising global awareness it is essential that the journalist
fraternity value fairness, truth, meticulousness, and objectivity. The ‘framing’
ideology has been widely used in the communication field since its inception.
The theory threatens the model meaning of journalism through the notion of
leeway and unscrupulous drills inside the journalism industry. Empirical
research has faulted framing for its ability to shape the thoughts of the readers
and making it difficult for those implicated in the stories to rebuild public
confidence. So the aim of this paper is provision of a comprehensive analysis of
the challenges and implications of framing theory in the recent decades as well
to inform the audience how framing theory is a threat to core values of
journalism. ... Read More - Download PDF - View Fulltext |
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| Author/s: | 1-Muhammad Riaz Raza Lecturer, Department of Mass Communication,University of Sialkot, Sialkot, Punjab, Pakistan.2-Sajid Mahmood Awan Senior Research Fellow, National Institute of Historical and Cultural Research (NIHCR),Quaid-iAzam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.3-Hassan Shehzad Lecturer, Department of Media and Communication Studies, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan. | |||
| Keywords: | Framing Theory, Journalistic Practices, Soul of Journalism | |||
| DOI Number: | 10.31703/grr.2017(II-I).07 | DOI Link: | http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2017(II-I).07 | |
| Page Nos: | 86-98 | Volume & Issue: | II-I | |
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| Global Strategic Management: China-US Transitional Paradigm of Convergence | ||||
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| Abstract: | The study focuses on the China US relations since Cold War and then
after its impacts till recent appearance of China as second greatest
economic power of the world, which not only influences the strategic,
but also economic and social aspects. The tragedy of 9/11 and the
resultant impact on Middle East in the form of destabilization jolted the
world scenario. China and US have larger share of military and
economic powers, the stability and peace relies on both of them. The
research has been developed containing five sub parts. The first part
covers the significance of issue to US-China relations, the second part
deals with US Interests and US perspective of Chinese interests and
social aspects, the third part is related to Chinese interests and Chinese
perspective of US interes ... Read More - Download PDF - View Fulltext |
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| Author/s: | 1-Waseem Ishaque Assistant Professor, Department of International Relations, National Defence University, Islamabad, Pakistan.2-Muhammad Zia-ur Rehman Assistant Professor, Department of Leadership & Management Studies, National Defence University, Islamabad, Pakistan. 3-Imran Ashraf Assistant Professor, Department of International Relations,National Defence University, Islamabad, Pakistan. | |||
| Keywords: | China-US Relations, World Stability, Peace, Cold War | |||
| DOI Number: | 10.31703/grr.2017(II-I).08 | DOI Link: | http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2017(II-I).08 | |
| Page Nos: | 99-118 | Volume & Issue: | II-I | |
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| Saudi - Iran Strife: Complexities for Pakistan | ||||
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| Abstract: | This qualitative research analyzes the complexities for Pakistan
regarding Saudi-Iran relationships. Saudi Arabia has serious
reservations regarding asymmetric power and regional ambitions of
Iran along with its alleged pursuit of nuclear weapons. A particular
concern founded in Riyadh is the challenge to the legitimacy of the AlSaud family in the face of regional and domestic audiences by upstaging
it on Pan-Arab issues especially after 1979. Pakistan has a long history
of close relationship with Iran as an immediate neighbor and Saudi
Arabia as an extremely crucial strategic partner. These worst bilateral
relations between the two regional rivals left limited choices for
Islamabad. Though Pakistan tried hard to create a balance between
both, yet Pakistan found it very difficult ... Read More - Download PDF - View Fulltext |
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| Author/s: | 1-Muhammad Muzaffar Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science & IR,GC Women University Sialkot, Punjab, Pakistan.2-Robina Khan Assistant Professor,Department of Political Science,GC Women University Sialkot, Punjab, Pakistan.3-Zahid Yaseen Assistant Professor,Department of Political Science, GC Women University Sialkot, Punjab, Pakistan. | |||
| Keywords: | Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, Iran, Rivalry, Strategic Partner | |||
| DOI Number: | 10.31703/grr.2017(II-I).09 | DOI Link: | http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2017(II-I).09 | |
| Page Nos: | 119-134 | Volume & Issue: | II-I | |
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| Islamic Military Alliance (IMA) - and Pakistan | ||||
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| Abstract: | The power politics and dominance are recurring features of Middle East
which is in the continuous state of transformation ever since the Iranian
revolution of 1979 and Soviet invasion of Afghanistan. The United States
since the oil crises of 1970s has declared energy security. The
unfortunate incident of 9/11 generated ferocious US response which was
unleashed in the Middle East on the premise of regime change. This
transition has proved to be uncertain and full of risks with catastrophic
consequences and resultant rise of non- state (NSA) actors like ISIS and
ISIL. This article unveils the basic contours and prime motives behind
formation of IMA, its aims and objectives, analyses its efficacy in
countering violent extremism with potential implications for Pakistan as
a major st ... Read More - Download PDF - View Fulltext |
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| Author/s: | 1-Ghulam Qumber Deputy Director,ISSRA,National Defence University, Islamabad, Pakistan.2-Waseem Ishaque Assistant Professor, Department of IR, National Defence University, Islamabad, Pakistan.3-Saqib Riaz Chairman,Department of Mass Communication,Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad, Pakistan. | |||
| Keywords: | Islamic Military Alliance, Balance of Power | |||
| DOI Number: | 10.31703/grr.2017(II-I).10 | DOI Link: | http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2017(II-I).10 | |
| Page Nos: | 135-151 | Volume & Issue: | II-I | |
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| Pakistan-China Strategic Partnership: Capitalizing the Geo-Political Location of Pakistan | ||||
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| Abstract: | The focus of global politics is shifting from the West to Asia as China plays a
significant role in the ongoing competition on the global chessboard. This
competition between the USA, the most powerful economy of the world, and
China, an emergent powerful economy of the world, compels China to secure
uninterrupted energy supplies from the Persian Gulf region for its oil driven
growth. In the recent past, China’s new strategy has further cemented ties
between Pakistan and China, who help each other in the changing geopolitical
environment, through converging mutual interests. This paper highlights how
geo-strategic positioning of Pakistan helps China fulfill its geo-strategic and
geo-economic goals and how this development helps Pakistan to uplift socioeconomic development and sa ... Read More - Download PDF - View Fulltext |
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| Author/s: | 1-Sundas Qayyum Durrani Assistant Program Officer, HR Principal Seat Department,COMSATS University, Islamabad, Pakistan.2-Muhammad Bilal Assistant Registrar, Women University, Swabi, KP, Pakistan.3-Inayat Kalim HOD, Department of International Relations, COMSATS University, Islamabad, Pakistan. | |||
| Keywords: | China, Pakistan, West, Strategic, OBOR, Economic, Ocean | |||
| DOI Number: | 10.31703/grr.2017(II-I).11 | DOI Link: | http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2017(II-I).11 | |
| Page Nos: | 152-165 | Volume & Issue: | II-I | |
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| Consumption with Shariah Based Imprint: Eradicating Extreme Poverty and Hunger with Infaq, Waqf and Rushd Behavior in Pakistan | ||||
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| Abstract: | This is a conceptual paper regarding consumption for policy implications based on the
teachings of Islam. It awakens Islamic civil society for bringing about a correction and
balance in the society whereby extreme poverty is eradicated through a consumption
(and spending “infaaq”) approach in the light of (understanding the concepts of) Rushd,
waqf and infaq fi sabeelillah for sharing rizq and setting aside rizq and resources for
others. According to the Islamic principles, zakat and infaq fi sabeelillah are
encouraged to deal with the disparities of wealth in general and to strike at poverty in
particular. The rightly guided people (raashidoon) are encouraged to worship Allah as
well as give to the poor. It is in contrast to consumerism of the western capitalistic
schools of ... Read More - Download PDF - View Fulltext |
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| Author/s: | 1-Zohra Jabeen Assistant Professor, Institute of Management Sciences, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. 2-Romana Bangash Assistant Professor, Institute of Management Sciences, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. 3-Faizan Malik Assistant Professor, Department of Management Sciences, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, KP, Pakistan. | |||
| Keywords: | Extreme Poverty, Hunger, Rushd, Waqf, Infaaq Fi Sabeelillah, Rizq, Consumption Theory | |||
| DOI Number: | 10.31703/grr.2017(II-I).12 | DOI Link: | http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2017(II-I).12 | |
| Page Nos: | 166-176 | Volume & Issue: | II-I | |
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| The Political Economy of Standards: Does MRLs Matter in Cottonseed and its Trade? | ||||
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| Abstract: | In this paper, we introduce three indices of trade which are consequently applied to the
case maximum residue level, MRLs of pesticide. The aggregation indices of NTM i.e Li
and Beghin index of trade, Heterogeneous index of trade (HIT) and actual heterogeneous
index of trade (AHIT) regulations to compute their protectionism relative to international
standards. The application of indices to Maximum Residue Limit (MRL) affecting
cottonseed and its by-product i.e crude cottonseed oil and refined cottonseed oil, using
a science-based standards Codex Alimentarius. In this analysis, the main aim of the
article is to show the response of the maximum residue limits (MRLs) adopted by 50
importing countries on exports of the cottonseed commodities for the year 2005 to 2014.
In this study, w ... Read More - Download PDF - View Fulltext |
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| Author/s: | 1-Fazal Hadi PhD Scholar,Department of Economics, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, KP, Pakistan.2-Zahoor Ul Haq Professor and Dean, Faculty of Business and Economics,Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, KP, Pakistan.3-Javid Iqbal Assistant Professor, Department of Economics, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, KP, Pakistan. | |||
| Keywords: | Cottonseed, Poisson, OLS, and MRLs | |||
| DOI Number: | 10.31703/grr.2017(II-I).13 | DOI Link: | http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2017(II-I).13 | |
| Page Nos: | 177-196 | Volume & Issue: | II-I | |
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| The Impact of Brand Rejuvenation on Consumer Purchase Intention: Brand Attitude as Mediator | ||||
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| Abstract: | The rationale of the study lies in investigating the role of brand rejuvenation on consumer
purchase intention, it also emphasizes digging the mediating effects of brand attitude on
brand rejuvenation and consumer purchase intentions. Quantitative research was carried
out for understanding the rationale behind consumer brand preferences, their attitude, and
purchase intentions. This study employed positivism; deductive approach in which
collected quantitative and numerical data were tabulated and analyzed statistically in
order to facilitate and test the detail set of hypotheses for the purpose of reaching objective
truth. SPSS computer software was employed along with multiple regression and
correlation analysis were carried out for testing and checking hypotheses and model fitnes ... Read More - Download PDF - View Fulltext |
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| Author/s: | 1-Neelam Akbar Lecturer, Department of Center for Management and Commerce, University of Swat, KP, Pakistan.2-Alam Zeb Assistant Professor,Department of Management Studies, University of Malakand, KP, Pakistan.3-Shabir Ahmad Assistant Professor, Department of Management Studies,University of Malakand, KP, Pakistan. | |||
| Keywords: | Brand Rejuvenation, Brand Attitude, Purchase Intention | |||
| DOI Number: | 10.31703/grr.2017(II-I).14 | DOI Link: | http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2017(II-I).14 | |
| Page Nos: | 197-210 | Volume & Issue: | II-I | |
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| Organizational Agility Determinants and Performance: A Case of Pakistani Telecommunication Sector | ||||
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| Abstract: | This study examined the effect of organizational agility determinants on firm
performance. Organizations are facing challenges to respond to uncertainties and
technological advancement. Agile organizations have more capability to respond
uncertain situations and challenges when occur. The analysis of 126respondents from
telecom sectors revealed that Human Resource Agility (HRAg), Innovation Agility and
technological advancement play significant role in enhancing organizational
performance. This study will be beneficial for managers to boost organizational
performance and gain agile position in the market. In this study recommendations will
be helpful to conduct further research in future. ... Read More - Download PDF - View Fulltext |
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| Author/s: | 1-Saeed Jalal COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Virtual Campus, Islamabad, Pakistan.2-Muhammad Jehangir Assistant Professor,Institute of Business and Leadership, Abdul Wali Khan Universty, Mardan, 3-Zia Ullah Assistant Professor, Department of Tourism and Hospitality, Abdul Wali Khan Universty, Mardan, KP, Pakistan | |||
| Keywords: | Organizational Agility, Performance, Innovation, Telecom Sector | |||
| DOI Number: | 10.31703/grr.2017(II-I).15 | DOI Link: | http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2017(II-I).15 | |
| Page Nos: | 211-227 | Volume & Issue: | II-I | |
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| Epistemological Beliefs and Practices in High Schools of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa: Teachers’ Perspective | ||||
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| Abstract: | This paper describes teachers perceptions about the epistemological beliefs of the
administrator, about school setting and what are the effects of these practices on effective
school culture. Open-Ended interview questions were constructed to collect data and
distributed among a sample of respondents. 16 teachers from 16 schools with one teacher
from each school were selected randomly through convenient sampling technique. The
study was guided by two research questions: How teachers perceive administrative beliefs
and practices? How epistemological beliefs of administrators affect their practices?
Themes and categories were examined to determine what administrators epistemological
beliefs are and what administrators perceive they do in their schools to enact their
epistemological ... Read More - Download PDF - View Fulltext |
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| Author/s: | 1-Nosheen Saba PhD Scholar, Department of Education, Abdul Wali khan University Mardan, Kp, Pakistan.2-Abdul Ghaffar Assistant Professors,Department of Education, Abdul Wali khan University Mardan, Kp, Pakistan.3-Amir Zaman Assistant Professors,Department of Education, Abdul Wali khan University Mardan, Kp, Pakistan. | |||
| Keywords: | Epistemological Beliefs and Practices, School Culture, Administrative Role, Political Pressure, Lack of Resources, Proper Parental Involvement | |||
| DOI Number: | 10.31703/grr.2017(II-I).16 | DOI Link: | http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2017(II-I).16 | |
| Page Nos: | 228-240 | Volume & Issue: | II-I | |
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| Socio-Economic Impact of Emigration on the Families Members Left Behind: A Case Study of District Rawalpindi | ||||
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| Abstract: | The phenomenon of migration is not new and there are many reasons behind
this emigration; achieving higher socio-economic status is one of them. In
developing countries like Pakistan, poverty is one of the major root causes of
emigration. There are some districts of Punjab from where the masses have the
trend to migrate. This study addresses the impacts of international migration on
families left behind in Dhamial, District Rawalpindi. In-depth interviews were
conducted, however data was quantified around positive and negative socioeconomic impacts on families left behind. The evidence showed both positive
and negative impacts of international migration. The flow of remittances
influences the life of people in positive way and it assisted in improving the
socio-economic status of ... Read More - Download PDF - View Fulltext |
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| Author/s: | 1-Syed Imran Haider Assistant Professor,Department of Sociology,Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2-Burhan Ali Shah Assistant Professor,Quaid-i-Azam School of Management Sciences,Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.3-Noor Jehan Assistant Professor,Department of Economics, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, KP, Pakistan. | |||
| Keywords: | Family, Migration, Remittances, Socialization, Spouse, Stress, Social Status | |||
| DOI Number: | 10.31703/grr.2017(II-I).17 | DOI Link: | http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2017(II-I).17 | |
| Page Nos: | 241-252 | Volume & Issue: | II-I | |
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| The Influence of Organization Based Self-Esteem, Role Breadth Self-Efficacy and Voluntary Learning Behavior on Career Success through Mediation of Perceived Employability: A Case of Pakistani Banking | ||||
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| Abstract: | The researcher showcases the influence of organization-based self-esteem, role
breadth self-efficacy and voluntary learning behavior in comparison to career
success. The objective of the study was to explore the relationship between selfconcepts and career success. The data was collected through questionnaire
from the personnel employed in banks. The employees have a great influence on
both antecedents of career success through perceived employability. In order to
increase the performance, specific abilities and skills of employees this study
will be helpful. Results showed significance of 2 self-concept organizationbased self-esteem and voluntary learning behavior with career success and one
insignificant result with role breadth self-efficacy. ... Read More - Download PDF - View Fulltext |
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| Author/s: | 1-Muhammad Wasim Akram Azman Hashim International Business School, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Malaysia. 2-Shaza Mahar Azman Hashim International Business School, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Malaysia. 3-Mohib Ullah Azman Hashim International Business School, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Malaysia. | |||
| Keywords: | Perceived Employability, Voluntary Learning Behavior, Bank and Employees, Career Success, Self- Concepts. | |||
| DOI Number: | 10.31703/grr.2017(II-I).18 | DOI Link: | http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2017(II-I).18 | |
| Page Nos: | 253-272 | Volume & Issue: | II-I | |
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| Politicotainment: Fictionalizing Politics in Pakistani Cinema | ||||
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| Abstract: | This article aims to investigate Maalik, Pakistani political thriller as the product of
‘politicotainment’, a genre combining politics and entertainment. Keeping in view the
nexus of politics, media and language, Discourse Historical Approach from the
perspective of Critical Discourse Analysis with a particular focus on media, discourse,
and society is employed. Maalik, is exceptional movie because it is explicitly related to
real life socio-political and socio-cultural events of Pakistan; its focus on social and
political issues such as exploitation of power and corrupt political system shifts the focus
towards the ownership of Pakistan and accepting responsibilities. Therefore, the film
connects the emerging political discourse in Pakistan with the rising public pulse against ... Read More - Download PDF - View Fulltext |
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| Author/s: | 1-Haleema Khalid Lecturer, Elite College for Girls, Gujranwala, Punjab, Pakistan.2-Muhammad Shahbaz Assistant Professor,Department of English, GC Women University Sialkot, Punjab, Pakistan. 3-Behzad Anwar Assistant Professor,Department of English, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, Punjab, Pakistan. | |||
| Keywords: | Media, Politics, Politicotainment, Fictionalization of Politics, DHA, CDS | |||
| DOI Number: | 10.31703/grr.2017(II-I).19 | DOI Link: | http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2017(II-I).19 | |
| Page Nos: | 273-288 | Volume & Issue: | II-I | |
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| Corporate Governance as a Determinant of Stock Price Synchronicity: Empirical Evidence from Pakistan | ||||
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| Abstract: | The objective of this study is to investigate the association of investor protection (IP) and stock price
synchronicity (SPS). Based on the theory that a strong IP reduces information asymmetry (IA) and
enhances the quality of firm fundamental information through disclosures of annual reports. Such
information is then considered for investment decisions. SPS is measured by Co-movement of
majority of share prices in either direction in a stock market, while IP is proxied by Size of the Board
of Directors, ratio of the independent directors to total size, and audit committee. Data has been
downloaded from State Bank of Pakistan, Companies web sites, and Pakistan Stock Exchange for
the period 2010-17. Using panel data analysis techniques, results show that IP and SPS are
negatively re ... Read More - Download PDF - View Fulltext |
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| Author/s: | 1-Adnan Ahmad Assistant Professor, IBL,Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, KP, Pakistan. 2-Humera Manzoor Assistant Professor,IMS,Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, KP, Pakistan.3-Muhammad Ibrahim Khan Assistant Professor, IBL,Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, KP, Pakistan. | |||
| Keywords: | Stock Price Synchronicity, Corporate Governance, Investor Protection, Board Size, Independent Directors, Audit Committee, Disclosure | |||
| DOI Number: | 10.31703/grr.2017(II-I).20 | DOI Link: | http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2017(II-I).20 | |
| Page Nos: | 289-304 | Volume & Issue: | II-I | |
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| Role of Identities in the Indo-Pak Relations: A Study in Constructivism | ||||
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| Abstract: | The history of Pakistan-India relations is full of conflicts ever since the partition
of the sub-continent in 1947 and is much evident with respect to major and
minor wars together with border skirmishes as a routine job. The rivalry
between the two nation-states is generally studied in the context of realism.
However, this research aimed to study the role of social institutions in the
formation of identities resulting in hostile relations between the two nationstates. The research has undergone a thorough analysis of social institutions
considered influential in any society with respect to identity formation. The
study found that social institutions of education, media, religion, and politics
have played a significant role in the construction of interstate hostile identities.
It ... Read More - Download PDF - View Fulltext |
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| Author/s: | 1-Ahmad Ali Lecturer, Political Sciences,Higher Education Department, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.2-Syed Imran Haider Assistant Professor, Department of Sociology, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad, Pakistan. 3-Muhammad Ali PhD, Goethe University,Frankfurt, Germany. | |||
| Keywords: | Identity, Construction, Social Institution, Ideas. | |||
| DOI Number: | 10.31703/grr.2017(II-I).21 | DOI Link: | http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2017(II-I).21 | |
| Page Nos: | 305-319 | Volume & Issue: | II-I | |
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| Social Construction of Feminism through Media: The Discourse and Critique in Pakistan | ||||
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| Abstract: | Feminism is about studying gender differences and regarding complementing
the role of sexes in society. Unfortunately, Pakistan can be counted among the
states that show less tolerance towards Feminism and has been regarded as a
western concept that accounts for being unnecessary for an Islamic state. Post
911 Muslims became the center stage of world politics while Muslim women
with false notions were started to seen as the oppressed and victimized. In
portraying the image of women, world media has played an important role. With
the changing media discourse, the perceptions regarding womens roles also
changed. This research article would highlight the effect of media on the
building of power structures of gender in Pakistan. ... Read More - Download PDF - View Fulltext |
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| Author/s: | 1-Noor Fatima Assistant Professor, Department of Politics and IR,International Islamic University Islamabad, Punjab, Pakistan.2-Muhammad Bilal Assistant Registrar, Women University, Swabi, KP, Pakistan.3-Bisma Butt PhD Scholar,Department of English,University of Gujrat, Punjab, Pakistan. | |||
| Keywords: | Feminism, Social Construction of Women, Power Structures of Gender | |||
| DOI Number: | 10.31703/grr.2017(II-I).22 | DOI Link: | http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2017(II-I).22 | |
| Page Nos: | 320-329 | Volume & Issue: | II-I | |
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| Students’ Socio-Economic Status and Academic Adjustment in University of Sargodha | ||||
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| Abstract: | The study was about the influence of socioeconomic status on academic
adjustments of undergraduate students. The study was a cross-sectional survey.
The population was all the undergraduates enrolled in the university of
Sargodha. Using a multistage random sampling sample of 550 students was
selected. A modified scale ‘Socio-economic status surveys for students’ from
Student to College Questionnaire (SACQ), were used and on the bases of pilot
testing showing reliability coefficient Cronbach Alpha values 0.90 and
0.71respectively. Data were analyzed by calculating frequencies, percentages
and mean score, t-test and one-way ANOVA. The major findings were that the
majority of students had moderate academic adjustment; no significant
difference was found in academic adjustment wi ... Read More - Download PDF - View Fulltext |
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| Author/s: | 1-Mushtaq Ahmad Assistant Professor,Department of Education, University of Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan.2-Asghar Ali Assistant Professor, Department of Education,University of Malakand, KP, Pakistan.3-Saifullah Khan Lecture,Department of Education,Government Degree College Farooka, Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan. | |||
| Keywords: | University Students, Socio-Economic Status, Academic Adjustment | |||
| DOI Number: | 10.31703/grr.2017(II-I).23 | DOI Link: | http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2017(II-I).23 | |
| Page Nos: | 330-342 | Volume & Issue: | II-I | |
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| United States Intervention and the Following Hegemony in Cuba and Chile: A Critical Appraisal | ||||
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| Abstract: | US hegemony as the result of its interventions in Cuba and Chile is a historical
reality. The United States used to be scared that the imposition of Communism
had minimized the Americans dominance over there under the policy of
nationalization. Although, the United States had tried his luck in Cuba twice, in
decades of the 1960s, to vanish communism dangerous roots, but unfortunately
faced defeat. Again in the 1970s decade, the United States faced the same threat
of communism (in the form of Salvador Allende regime) in Chile. Chile has
blessed with such rich mineral resources like Cuba, so the United States also
had similarly established its strong hold inform of different significant
companies. In order to prevent the power of Salvador Allende and his
nationalization policy, the ... Read More - Download PDF - View Fulltext |
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| Author/s: | 1-Abdul Zahoor Khan Assistant Professor, Department of History & Pakistan Studies,International Islamic University, Islamabad-Pakistan.2-Ahmed Ali Lecturer, Higher Education Department, KP, Pakistan.3-Sajjad Ali PhD Schoar, Departmen of Political Science,Qurtuba University of Science and Information Technology, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. | |||
| Keywords: | Cuba, US, Hegemony, Capitalism, Communism, Chile, Intervention | |||
| DOI Number: | 10.31703/grr.2017(II-I).24 | DOI Link: | http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2017(II-I).24 | |
| Page Nos: | 343-355 | Volume & Issue: | II-I | |
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| The Role of Shariah Board in Islamic Banks: Pakistan’s Perspective | ||||
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| Abstract: | The State Bank of Pakistan introduced diversion from the individual Shariah
advisory system to the Shariah board mechanism by issuing the Shariah
governance framework in 2016 by making it mandatory for the Islamic banks to
have an independent Shariah board. In this paper, it is examined whether the
Shariah boards have any effective role in the improvement of the Shariah
compliance environment of the banks or not? And how to make it more effective
for the betterment of the Islamic banking industry? A questionnaire has been
developed to study and inspect these issues. The results indicate that even
though the role of sharia board could not be denied in the improvement of
Shariah compliance in IBIs, however, the mechanism may be further
strengthened. The study also suggests that Sha ... Read More - Download PDF - View Fulltext |
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| Author/s: | 1-Muhammad Mushtaq Ahmed Assistant Professor, Department of Islamic & Arabic Studies, University of Swat, KP, Pakistan.2-Zia Uddin Lecturer, Department of Islamic & Arabic Studies, University of Swat, KP, Pakistan.3-Muhammad Iqbal Lecturer, Department of Islamic & Arabic Studies, University of Swat, KP, Pakistan. | |||
| Keywords: | Shariah Board, Islamic Banks, Pakistan, Shariah Compliance | |||
| DOI Number: | 10.31703/grr.2017(II-I).25 | DOI Link: | http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2017(II-I).25 | |
| Page Nos: | 356-363 | Volume & Issue: | II-I | |
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| Somatotyping and Physical Fitness of Pakistani National Rower | ||||
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| Abstract: | Rowing is a popular sport across the globe which involves both skill and
strength. The aim of the present investigation is to examine the somatotype and
physical fitness of the Pakistani rowers. Data was collected from (n = 08)
lightweight, and (n = 14) heavyweight Pakistani national rowers. Age, height,
body mass, skinfold of triceps, subscapular, supraspinal, and calf, breadths of
elbow and knee were measurement for somatotype as guided by (Norton and
Olds, 1996). Push up, anaerobic, 2000 meter of maximal rowing ergometer,
and set and reach for flexibility. Pearson product of correlation and t-test was
applied for statistical analysis. The result showed there was a slight difference
among light and heavyweight rowers in their somatotype measurements. On the
other hand, the vert ... Read More - Download PDF - View Fulltext |
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| Author/s: | 1-Tanvir Abbas Government High School Dhullay,Gujranwala, Puanjab, Pakistan.2-Muhammad Zia ul Haq Department of Physical Education & Sports Science, Faculty of Education, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan.3-Qasid Naveed Department of Sports Science, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan. | |||
| Keywords: | Somatotype, Physical Fitness, Rowers | |||
| DOI Number: | 10.31703/grr.2017(II-I).26 | DOI Link: | http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2017(II-I).26 | |
| Page Nos: | 364-374 | Volume & Issue: | II-I | |
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| Indus Water Treaty: Threats of Abrogation, Plans for Revision and Prospects of Survivability | ||||
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| Abstract: | Indus Basin Treaty which was brokered by the World Bank for resolving water
issues between Pakistan and India. Despite persistent hostilities and wars
between the two arch-rivals, the treaty has functioned well and is still crucial
for Pakistans water security and peace of the region. However, owing to
increasing tension of water shortage in both Pakistan and India strains arise
over the treaty. Growing Pakistani demands for water and sustained Indian
construction of hydropower projects, as well as other dams on western rivers,
have raised threats regarding the survivability of the treaty. Presently the treaty
has come under intense threats after Uri attacks. Due to this incident some
Indian commentators recommended abrogation, while some circles proposed
revision of the treaty. ... Read More - Download PDF - View Fulltext |
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| Author/s: | 1-Manzoor Ahmad Department of Political Science,Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, KP, Pakistan.2-Naveeda Yousaf Department of Political Science,Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, KP, Pakistan3-Muhammad Zubair Associate Professor,Department of Law, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, KP, Pakistan | |||
| Keywords: | Distribution of Water, Violation of Indus Water Treaty, Uri attack, Abrogation or Survival of the Treaty, Water as a Weapon | |||
| DOI Number: | 10.31703/grr.2017(II-I).27 | DOI Link: | http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2017(II-I).27 | |
| Page Nos: | 375-388 | Volume & Issue: | II-I | |
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| Exploring Factors Influencing Employability ofVocational Training Graduates in Pakistan:A Factor Analysis | ||||
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| Abstract: | This study was conducted to explore factors influencing the employability of
vocational education graduates in Pakistan. Data were collected from 141
teachers. The data were analyzed using factor analysis approach. The principal
component analysis method was applied to exploring influencing factors. The
following six factors were found influencing the employability of vocational
graduates such as education mismatch, market need, relevant experience, job
creation, policy and skills training. Based on the findings it is recommended
that the vocational training curriculum needs to be updated and students need
to be provided practical experiences through field-based learning. There is a
need to link the curriculum of the vocational training institutions with industry.
There is a need ... Read More - Download PDF - View Fulltext |
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| Author/s: | 1-Asghar Ali Assistant Professor, Department of Education, University of Malakand Chakdara, Dir (L), KhyberPahtunkhwa, Pakistan.2-Iqbal Ahmad Lecturer,Department of Education,University of Malakand Chakdara, Dir (L), KhyberPahtunkhwa, Pakistan.3-M. Anees-ul-Husnain Shah Assistant Professor,Department of Education,University of Education, D.G Khan Campus, Punjab, Pakistan. | |||
| Keywords: | Teaching Strategies, Multimedia, higher order Thinking Skills, KWLH Charts | |||
| DOI Number: | 10.31703/grr.2017(II-I).28 | DOI Link: | http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2017(II-I).28 | |
| Page Nos: | 389-404 | Volume & Issue: | II-I | |
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| Democratization in Pakistan: Role of Media in Civilian and Military Regimes | ||||
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| Abstract: | Without active, free and strong media, democracy is not completed. In countries where
freedom of press is limited, democratic values are not established. Media had been facing
violence in Pakistan whether it remained political or military governments. Struggle of
press can be traced back before the inception of Pakistan when press was under tight
governmental control. This caused nothing other than sabotaging the rights of people.
Founder of Pakistan was strong supporter for the freedom of press and encouraged
Muslims to get declarations for new newspapers. It is an important question to investigate
why in the democratic republic of Pakistan such Colonial Laws are made that hindered the
progress of press and media. And it is also important to investigate that how media raised
the ... Read More - Download PDF - View Fulltext |
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| Author/s: | 1-Ali Shan Shah Assistant Professor (OPS), Department of Political Science & IR, GC, University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan.2-Abdul Basit Lecturer,Department of Political Science & IR, GC,University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan.3-Mian Muhammad Azhar Assistant Professor,Department of Political Science & IR, GC, University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. | |||
| Keywords: | Democratization, Press, Media, Media Laws, Colonial laws, Pressure Groups | |||
| DOI Number: | 10.31703/grr.2017(II-I).29 | DOI Link: | http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2017(II-I).29 | |
| Page Nos: | 405-416 | Volume & Issue: | II-I | |
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| Investigating the Influence of Transformational Leadership Style on Employee Commitment: A Case of Petroleum Sector in Pakistan | ||||
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| Abstract: | The current study aimed to find out the influence of transforming style of
leadership on employees commitment, working in petroleum sector of Khyber
Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan. Transformational leadership theory proposed that
leaders with competence and vision instill commitment in employees. Based on
leadership transformation theory, this study adopts positivistic approach using
quantitative techniques. Data were obtained through 5 points Likert scale
questionnaire, distributed inside the employees of KPOGCL and ODGCL the
questionnaire was having three part. Random sampling method was adopted
during data collection. Among 65 questionnaires, 60 were returned back which
show 92.30 % response of the study area. Statical analysis of data showed
significant relationship among transformatio ... Read More - Download PDF - View Fulltext |
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| Author/s: | 1-Fahad Sultan Assistant Professor, Institute of Business Studies and Leadership, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, KP, Pakistan.2-Syed Haider Khalil Assistant Professor,Institute of Business Studies and LeadershipAbdul Wali Khan University Mardan, KP, Pakistan.3-Syed Mohsin Ali Shah Assistant Professor,Institute of Business Studies and Leadership,Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, KP, Pakistan. | |||
| Keywords: | Transformational Leadership, Employees’ Organizational Commitment, Petroleum Sector | |||
| DOI Number: | 10.31703/grr.2017(II-I).30 | DOI Link: | http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2017(II-I).30 | |
| Page Nos: | 417 -430 | Volume & Issue: | II-I | |
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| English Course of Distance Learning Program: A Case Study of Parallel Education System | ||||
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| Abstract: | Textbooks/course materials are considered as the key component in teaching
and learning any language. The present study aims at revealing the strengths
and loopholes of the Intermediate English compulsory course of a distance
learning program being offered in Pakistan. The study followed a qualitative
approach and collected data through semi-structured interviews taken from
teachers and pupils teaching the selected distance learning program in order to
address the research questions. Overall findings of the study revealed that the
textbooks used in the selected distance learning program are quite adequate to
fulfil learners' learning needs and cover three language skills of reading,
writing and listening but, speaking skills could not be improved because
students being distant le ... Read More - Download PDF - View Fulltext |
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| Author/s: | 1-Rameesha Haris Research Scholar, Department of TESOL, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.2-Sana Baig Lecturer, Department of TESOL, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.3-Fareeha Javed Lecturer, Department of English, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. | |||
| Keywords: | English Course, Intermediate Level, Teaching Material, Students' and Teachers' Perceptions, Distance Learning Program, Pakistan | |||
| DOI Number: | 10.31703/grr.2017(II-I).31 | DOI Link: | http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2017(II-I).31 | |
| Page Nos: | 431-440 | Volume & Issue: | II-I | |
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| Rise of China: Regional Power Politics | ||||
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| Abstract: | China uses its wide-spreading economic policy as a tool to maintain the balance
of power in the region. In the case of Afghanistan, China wants the peaceful
transition of power to the government of Afghanistan. Similarly, besides this
region, China looks for economic development and bilateral trade to satisfy its
energy needs. The study argues that most of the regional countries are having
solid reservation over the Indian "hegemonic ambitions". This has led to
persistent tension amongst the South Asian giant and its smaller neighbor states.
To counter the upper handed treatment of New Delhi, the rest of the countries
have intended to have friendly ties with China. China insists that problems and
disputes should be handled strictly according to the Five Principles of Peaceful
Coe ... Read More - Download PDF - View Fulltext |
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| Author/s: | 1-Abdul Shakoor Assistant Professor/Chairman, Department of International Relations Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, (AWKUM), KP, Pakistan. | |||
| Keywords: | US, China, Afghanistan, CPEC, Regional Connectivity, Security, India | |||
| DOI Number: | 10.31703/grr.2017(II-I).32 | DOI Link: | http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2017(II-I).32 | |
| Page Nos: | 441-453 | Volume & Issue: | II-I | |
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| The Modern State and the Contestation of Succession in Sacred Spaces: Examining the Local Moral Authority of the Shrine of Baba Farid in Pakpattan (Punjab-Pakistan) | ||||
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| Abstract: | The Sufi shrines that emerged and developed in the Indian subcontinent during
the medieval period had developed their respective patterns of succession to the
office of their custodians based on relation to their separate Sufi orders. The
office bearers also enjoyed a level of socio-religious, spiritual, and moral
authority according to the status of their shrines in the realm. However, after
the emergence of the modern state in the Indian subcontinent, the succession
issues at the Sufi shrines became part of the judicial system established by the
British. Likewise, the succession issues that emerged at the shrine of Baba Farid
in Pakpattan (Punjab-Pakistan) during the colonial and postcolonial times were
also dealt with through the new judicial apparatus. The arising phenomenon
... Read More - Download PDF - View Fulltext |
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| Author/s: | 1-Muhammad Mubeen Assistant Professor, Department of Humanities, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan. | |||
| Keywords: | Baba Farid, Chisht? Sufi Shrines, Modern State, Moral Authority, Pakpattan, sajjada-nishin, Succession Cases | |||
| DOI Number: | 10.31703/grr.2017(II-I).33 | DOI Link: | http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2017(II-I).33 | |
| Page Nos: | 454-470 | Volume & Issue: | II-I | |
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| Exhuming the Reality: Connecting Physics and Metaphysics | ||||
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| Abstract: | The purpose of this paper is the discovery of reality. It develops a relationship between physical and nonphysical, which is a bold ambition and requires a lot of logical reasoning.Humans involved in scientific explorations are in search of spiritual enlightenment or vice versa? This document is a stream of thoughts, and its goal is not to convince anyone rather,in the words of Shakespeare, "confound” and “confuse" and of course, motivate us to seek the truth. Economists assume and try to analyze with logic. There are some assumptions on Science (physical) and Spirituality (metaphysical) that are widely held and accepted.(1) Spirituality and science are as oil and water and thus do not mix. (2) Spirituality is obviously superior to Sciences. (3) Science has a value in monetary terms, b ... Read More - Download PDF - View Fulltext |
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| Author/s: | 1-Tahir Ul-Mulk Kahlon Assistant Professor, Government % Public Policy Department, National Defence University Islamabad, Pakistan | |||
| Keywords: | God, Prophets, Physics, Metaphysics, Science, Technology, Spirituality | |||
| DOI Number: | 10.31703/grr.2017(II-I).34 | DOI Link: | http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2017(II-I).34 | |
| Page Nos: | 471 ‒ 480 | Volume & Issue: | II-I | |
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| Fanon's Socio-Diagnostic and Neurosis of the Colonized: The Colonial Trauma in ‘Twilight in Delhi' | ||||
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| Abstract: | The present study is focused on the marginal position of the Muslims in the Indian Subcontinent and its effects on the structuring of their psyche in Ali’s novel Twilight in Delhi. Its main concern is the analysis of neurotic behaviors of the main characters of Twilight in Delhi in the light of Fanon’s re-interpretation of Freud’s theory of psychoanalysis. The central argument of this study is that psychological problems of Muslims in a colonial situation, as shown in the novel under discussion, are not natural, but are consequences of conditions that are linked to their social and economic circumstances. Their psychological behavior shows the effects of their socioeconomic environment created by the colonizer. It is not inherently structured without being influenced by the condition ... Read More - Download PDF - View Fulltext |
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| Author/s: | 1-Kanwal Zahra Assistant Professor, Centre for Languages and Translation Studies, University of Gujrat, Punjab, Pakistan2-Muhammad Abou Bakar Lecturer Department of English, University of Gujrat, Punjab, Pakistan | |||
| Keywords: | Twilight in Delhi, Muslims, Subcontinent, Indian, Freud’s theory of Psychoanalysis | |||
| DOI Number: | 10.31703/grr.2017(II-I).35 | DOI Link: | http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2017(II-I).35 | |
| Page Nos: | 481 ‒ 490 | Volume & Issue: | II-I | |
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