Indian Armed Intervention in East Pakistan and Creation of Bangladesh: A Critical Analysis under International Law
This paper aims at analyzing the nature of the Indian armed intervention in East Pakistan under International law. The unilateral armed intervention of the India led to the creation of Bangladesh without any resolution of the UN. Moreover,the controversial unilateral intervention of the India inside the territorial jurisdiction of the Pakistan was also not expressly supported by other significant number of states. There is a need to have a critical analysis of the Indian armed intervention in Eastern Pakistan under UN Charter and other relevant provisions of the International Law. The findings of this research paper will be based upon the critical review of existing literature on the insurgency in Eastern Pakistan, Indian intervention in Eastern Pakistan and the creation of Bangladesh. This study can be very useful and relevant in the future to analyze the role of India in the creation of Bangladesh under International Law.
-
Armed Intervention, East Pakistan, Bangladesh, International Law and Territorial Integrity
-
(1) Adnan Rahman
Faculty Member, Department of Law, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Muzaffarabad, Pakistan
(2) Tehmina Aslam
Director, Sundar STEM School and College, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
(3) Saqib Shahbaz
Assistant Professor, Department of Law, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Mirpur University of Science and Technology (MUST), Mirpur, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan.
- Bass, G. J. (2013). The Blood Telegram: Nixon, Kissinger, and a Forgotten Genocide. Alfred A. Knopf. 978- 8184005769
- Bass, G. J. (2015). The Indian Way of Humanitarian Intervention. Yale Journal of International Law
- Baxter, C. (1998). Bangladesh From A Nation To A-State (1st ed.). Routledge.
- Beachler, D. (2007). The politics of genocide scholarship: the case of Bangladesh. Patterns of Prejudice, 41(5). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00313220701657286
- Beachler, D. W. (2011). The Genocide Debate Politicians, Academics, and Victims. Palgrave Macmillan.
- Bose, S. (2011). The question of genocide and the quest for justice in the 1971 war. Journal of Genocide Research, 13(4), 393-417. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/14623528.2011.625750
- Erdogan, B. (2007). Humanitarian Intervention and Responsibility to Protect. Springer International Publishing .
- Hartle, A. E. (2010). Waging Humanitarian War: The Ethics, Law, and Politics of Humanitarian Intervention. State University of New York Press, 40(1).
- Hehir, A. (2010). Humanitarian intervention: an introduction. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
- Heinze, E. A. (2009). Waging Humanitarian War The Ethics, Law, and Politics of Humanitarian Intervention. Albany: State University of New York Press.
- Hossain, M. S. (2017). Extra-judicial killings and human rights law: Bangladesh perspective. International Journal of Law and Management, 59(4). doi:10.1108/IJLMA-11-2016-0140
- Khan, H. (2001). Constitutional and Political History of Pakistan (Vol. III). Oxford University Press.
- Kolb, A. S. (2018). The UN Security Council Members' Responsibility to Protect. Springer. https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-662-55644-3
- Kuperman, A. (2001). The Limits of Humanitarian Intervention: Genocide in Rwanda. Brookings Institution Press. https://www.brookings.edu/book/the-limits-of-humanitarian-intervention/
- Linton, S. (2010). Bangladesh and the Prosecution of International Crimes from the 1971 War of Independence from Pakistan. Criminal Law Forum, 21(2), 187-190. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10609-010-9121-1
- Menon, R. (2016). The Conceit of Humanitarian Intervention. Oxford University Press
- Mishra, A. (2013). Dead reckoning: memories of the 1971 Bangladesh war. Contemporary South Asia, 21(1), 73- 77. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09584935.2012.758473
- Nanda, V. P. (1972). A Critique of the United Nations Inaction in the Bangladesh Crisis. Denver Law Review , 6- 15, https://digitalcommons.du.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3395
- Nations, U. (1945). CHARTER OF THE UNITED NATIONS AND STATUE OF THE INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE. San Francisco. https://treaties.un.org/doc/publication/ctc/uncharter.pdf
- Nollkaemper, J. H. (2012). Responsibility to Protect: From Principle to Practice. Amsterdam: Pallas Publications
- Pattison, J. (2010). Humanitarian Intervention and the Responsibility To Protect: Who Should Intervene? Oxford University Press
- Rainer Hofmann, U. C. (2011). Minority Rights in South Asia. Law, Economics & Management.
- Richard Sisson, L. E. (1991). War and Secession Pakistan, India, and the Creation of Bangladesh. California University Press.
- Rodley, T. M. (1973). After Bangladesh: The Law of Humanitarian Intervention by Military Force. The American Journal of International Law, 67(2), 273-305. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2199432
- Samant, C. M. (2019). Operation X : The Untold Story of India's Covert Naval War in East Pakistan.
- Schultz, D. (2017). The Conceit of Humanitarian Intervention. New Political Science, 39(3), 420-424. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/07393148.2017.1339418
- Sheikh Nadeem Ahmed, S. B. (2015). Historical Perspective of Political and Constitutional Development in Pakistan. IOSR Journal Of Humanities And Social Science (IOSR-JHSS), 20(2), 77-89. https://www.academia.edu/27361957/Historical_Perspective_of_Political_and_Constitutional_D evelopment_in_Pakistan
- Umar, B. (1974). Politics and Society in East Pakistan and Bangladesh. Mowla Bros.
- Umar, B. (2004). The emergence of Bangladesh : class struggles in East Pakistan, 1947-1958. Karachi : Oxford University Press. http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/fy044/2003344711.html
- Umar, B. (2006). The Emergence of Bangladesh: Volume 2: The Rise of Bengali Nationalism, 1958-1971. Oxford University Press.
- Zakria, A. (2019). 1971: A People's History from Bangladesh, Pakistan and India. Penguin Random House India Private Limited.
Cite this article
-
APA : Rahman, A., Aslam, T., & Shahbaz, S. (2020). Indian Armed Intervention in East Pakistan and Creation of Bangladesh: A Critical Analysis under International Law. Global Regional Review, V(III), 344 - 353. https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2020(V-III).37
-
CHICAGO : Rahman, Adnan, Tehmina Aslam, and Saqib Shahbaz. 2020. "Indian Armed Intervention in East Pakistan and Creation of Bangladesh: A Critical Analysis under International Law." Global Regional Review, V (III): 344 - 353 doi: 10.31703/grr.2020(V-III).37
-
HARVARD : RAHMAN, A., ASLAM, T. & SHAHBAZ, S. 2020. Indian Armed Intervention in East Pakistan and Creation of Bangladesh: A Critical Analysis under International Law. Global Regional Review, V, 344 - 353.
-
MHRA : Rahman, Adnan, Tehmina Aslam, and Saqib Shahbaz. 2020. "Indian Armed Intervention in East Pakistan and Creation of Bangladesh: A Critical Analysis under International Law." Global Regional Review, V: 344 - 353
-
MLA : Rahman, Adnan, Tehmina Aslam, and Saqib Shahbaz. "Indian Armed Intervention in East Pakistan and Creation of Bangladesh: A Critical Analysis under International Law." Global Regional Review, V.III (2020): 344 - 353 Print.
-
OXFORD : Rahman, Adnan, Aslam, Tehmina, and Shahbaz, Saqib (2020), "Indian Armed Intervention in East Pakistan and Creation of Bangladesh: A Critical Analysis under International Law", Global Regional Review, V (III), 344 - 353
-
TURABIAN : Rahman, Adnan, Tehmina Aslam, and Saqib Shahbaz. "Indian Armed Intervention in East Pakistan and Creation of Bangladesh: A Critical Analysis under International Law." Global Regional Review V, no. III (2020): 344 - 353. https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2020(V-III).37