This paper shows the pre and post partition socio-educational scenario of the then N.W.F.P now Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The objectives of the study were (i) to explore the pre partition history of the educational development (ii) to explore the post partition scenario of educational uplift in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (iii) to compare the pre and post partition educational developments in the province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Data was collected mainly from primary sources like Directorate of Archives and libraries, Peshawar and personal interviews were conducted too. For secondary sources, data was collected from books, research papers, newspapers, magazines and other published material. The data was analyzed through internal and external criticism. It was concluded from the study that education as policy matter saw no difference both in pre and post partition period. However, after the independence, the development ration ratio increased with a high momentum.