History of Prison Reforms in Pakistan
Pakistan has been following the prison system of the British Empire. The Pakistani prison system has gone through many changes. Efforts have been made to bring the prison system in Pakistan in conformity with the modern prison system. The restoration of democracy in Pakistan has paved the way for further reforms in the prison system. Many suggestions have been forwarded to the authorities and have been requested for the modification of the inside condition of Pakistani jails. The data for this paper have been collected from Human Rights Organization/ Council of Pakistan, Islamic Ideological Council and jail training institute Lahore. The research under focus is an attempt to explore prison reforms in Pakistan in historical perspective and put forward suggestions to in tune the prison system in Pakistan with International standard.
-
Prison, Reforms, History, Pakistan
-
(1) Zahid Anwar
Professor, Department of Political Science, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan.
(2) S. Zubair Shah
Ph.D. Scholar,Department of Political Science,University of Peshawar, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan.
- Bagri, K. (2010). Women Prisoners in Pakistan: A Case Study.
- Bernard, M. (2005). Prison Manifesto: Recollections of a Queer Psychologist Working in a Maximum Security Prison. Bernard Mazie.
- Blomberg, T., & Lucken, K. (2000). American Penology. Aldine De Gruyter Publishers.
- Christine, F., Caine, K., Chivvis, C., Puri, S., & Spirtas, M. (2010). Pakistan: can the United States secure an insecure state? NY: Rand corporation publishers.
- Crisis Group Asia Report No.212 (2011) Reforming Pakistan's Prison System. (2016, March 15). Retrieved from http://www.crisisgroup.org
- District Criminal Justice Cordinate Committees.
- Foucault, M. (1995). Surveilleret Punir: Naissance de la prison. (Sheridan, A. Trans.). Oxford University Press.
- Foucault, M. (1995). Surveilleret Punir: Naissance de la prison. (Sheridan, A. Trans.) Gallimard. Ed.). Paris: Oxford University Press.
- Fox, L. (1952).The English Prison and Borstal Systems. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul press.
- Garner, A. (2004). Black's Law Dictionary. (8th.Ed.). NY: Thomson Business West Publishing Co, pp. 1232-1233
- Herland, C. (2010). Basic documents on IHL-South Asia Collection: treaties, national legislation, case-law and other documents. (Ed.). New Delhi: Regional delegation.
- Home Department of Punjab and National Academy of Prison Administration. (2008). Punjab Prison Reforms
- Ibid Khan, M. (2010). (2016, March 13). Pakistan journal of criminology
- Law and justice commission of Pakistan 1998. (2016, March 13)
- Leonard, E. (1983). Judicial decision and prison reform: the impact of litigation on women prisoners. California: University of California Press.
- Lewin, T. New York Times. (2016, March 12)
- Lewin, T. (2007). New York Times. (2014, March 06). Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com
- Minallah, A. (1999). Overcrowded Prisons: Asia Crime Prevention Foundation Pakistan. New Delhi: Papers item Publishers.
- Mirza, S. (2006). Female criminality: women and crimes. Lahore: Bookbiz publisher press.
- Mushtaq, A. (2009). Rules and Regulations Governing Pakistani Jails. Unpublished manuscript, on the file with Women Aid Trust.
- National Academy for Prison Administration. (2009).Punjab Prison Report.
- National IHL for Pakistan. (2016, March 19).
- New York Times. (2016, March 26). Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com/books/first/a/andersonjustice.html.Nytimes.com
- Op. cit. (crisis group report-2011).
- Op.cit, (Law and Justice Commission-1997).
- Op.cit, (Law and Justice Commission-1997).
- Pakistan Prison Rules, Jail Manual.
- Report by foreign Prisoner Support Services, Prisons and Prisoners in Pakistan Prison, (2016, March 10). Retrieved from http://www.phaseloop.com
- Sargiacomo, M. (2009, January 17). Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison. Surveilleret Punir. Oxford University Press.
- Scott, C., and Gerbasi, J. (2005). Handbook of Correctional Mental Health. Washington.
- SPARC. (2010). The State of Pakistan's Children 2010. (2014, Aug 22). Retrieved from http://www.sparcpk.org/Publications.html
- Spierenburg, P. (1995). The body and the state: Early modern Europe. In The Oxford history of the prison: Oxford University Press.
- The Howard League for Penal Reform. (2014). HISTROY OF PENAL SYSTEM. London. (2014, March 12). Retrieved from http://www.howardleague.org/history-of-prison-system/
- The Howard League for Penal Reform. (2014, March 12). History of Penal System. London. Retrieved from http://www.howardleague.org/history-of-prisonsystem/
- UDHR (1948). Universal Declaration of human Rights, Article 5. (2016, March 17).
- UNICCPR (1966). United Nations International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, Article 10. (2014, Aug 19).
- Willem, J., & Rani, B. (2011, Oct.). Male Adolescent Concubinage in Pakistan, Northwestren Peshawar. (Vol 13), No .9, pp.1061-1072.
- Women News Network, women's prison-A global state of crisis. Sep-2008. (2016, March 12). Retrieved from http://womennewsnetwork.net/2008/09/09prisoncrisiswomen8005/
Cite this article
-
APA : Anwar, Z., & Shah, S. Z. (2016). History of Prison Reforms in Pakistan. Global Regional Review, I(I), 35-47. https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2016(I-I).03
-
CHICAGO : Anwar, Zahid, and S. Zubair Shah. 2016. "History of Prison Reforms in Pakistan." Global Regional Review, I (I): 35-47 doi: 10.31703/grr.2016(I-I).03
-
HARVARD : ANWAR, Z. & SHAH, S. Z. 2016. History of Prison Reforms in Pakistan. Global Regional Review, I, 35-47.
-
MHRA : Anwar, Zahid, and S. Zubair Shah. 2016. "History of Prison Reforms in Pakistan." Global Regional Review, I: 35-47
-
MLA : Anwar, Zahid, and S. Zubair Shah. "History of Prison Reforms in Pakistan." Global Regional Review, I.I (2016): 35-47 Print.
-
OXFORD : Anwar, Zahid and Shah, S. Zubair (2016), "History of Prison Reforms in Pakistan", Global Regional Review, I (I), 35-47
-
TURABIAN : Anwar, Zahid, and S. Zubair Shah. "History of Prison Reforms in Pakistan." Global Regional Review I, no. I (2016): 35-47. https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2016(I-I).03