http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2022(VII-II).17
10.31703/grr.2022(VII-II).17
Published : Jun 2022
History, Architecture and Tourism Prospects of the Sharda Temple in Neelum Valley, Pakistan: An Appraisal
The Sharda Village in remote retreats of Neelum Valley, or initially, the Valley of Kishan Ganga, has a ruined structure. Though it is locally known as an old educational center (a University),according to scholars, it is a Kashmir-style stone temple dedicated to the Sharda goddess. Such temples have been in style from the 5th to 10th century CE. The current study is aimed to assign the date to thetemple through a comparative analysis of its structural remains and highlight some of the tourism prospects associated with this monument. Data for this research was collected through field surveys,group discussions with the local community and secondary sources.
-
Hindu Temple, Stone Temples of Kashmir, Sharada, Ancient Architecture, Neelum Valley, Tourism
-
(1) Junaid Ahmad
Lecturer, Department of Archaeology, Hazara University Mansehra, KP, Pakistan.
(2) Anas Mahmud Arif
Assistant Professor, Department of Tourism and Hospitality, Hazara University Mansehra, KP, Pakistan
(3) Adnan Anwar
Assistant Professor, Department of Architecture, Hazara University Mansehra, KP, Pakistan
- Bates, C. E. (1873). A Gazetteer of Kashmir and the Adjacent Districts of Kishtwar, Badrawar, Jamu, Naoshera, Punch and the Valley of the Kishan Ganga. Calcutta: Office of the Superintendent of Government Printing.
- Beal, S. (1884). SI-YU-KI-Buddhist Records of the Western World. London: Trübner & Co., Ludgate Hill
- Bilham, R., & Bali, B. S. (2013, August 28). A ninth century earthquake-induced landslide and flood in the Kashmir Valley, and earthquake damage to Kashmir’s Medieval temples. www.springer.com
- Bilham, R., Bali, B. S., Bhat, M. I., & Hough, S. (2010). Historical Earthquakes in Sirinagar, Kashmir: Clues fro the Shiva Temple at Pandrethan. Ancient Earthquakes, 107-117. (M. Sintubin, I. S. Stewart, N. M. Tina, & E. Altunel, Eds.) New York: The Geological Society of America.
- Blochmann, H. F. (1873). The Ain I Akbari of Abul Fazl 'Allami (Vol. 2). (H. Blochmann, Ed.) Calcutta: Asiatic Society of Bengal
- Brown, P. (1959). Evolution of Hindu Temple. Indian Architecture: Buddhist and Hindu Periods, 62-66. Bombay: D. B. Taraporevala Sons.
- Brown, P. (1959). Kashmir: The Buddhist and Brahmanical Remains (AD 200-1300). Indian Architecture: Buddhist and Hindu Periods, 4th, 154-161. Bombay: D. B. Taraporevala Sons.
- Cole, H. H. (1869). Illustrations of Ancient Buildings in Kashmir. London: India Museum.
- Cowie, W. G. (1867). Notes on some of the temples of Kashmir: Especially those not discussed by General A. Cunningham in his Essay published in the Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal for September 1848. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, 35(1), 91-123.
- Cunningham, A. (1848). An Essay on the Arian Order of Architecture as exhibited in the Temples of Kashmir. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, 17(2), 241-327
- Cunningham, A. (1871). The Ancient Geography of India. London: Trubner & Co.
- Dani, A. H. (1986). Indian Palaeography. New Delhi: Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers.
- Dani, A. H. (1999). The Historic City of Taxila. Lahore: Sang-e-Meel Publications
- Dutt, J. C. (1887). Kings of Kashmira: being a Translation of the Sanskrita Work of Kalhana Pandita (Vol. 2). Calcutta: Jogesh Chunder Dutt.
- Eaton, R. M. (2006). Temple Desecraion and Indo-Muslim States-Part II. Historical Analysis, 1-8.
- Fergusson, J. (1891). Architecture in the Himalayas. History of Indian and Eastern Architecture, 279-297. London: John Murray
- Fisher, R. E. (1982). The Stone Temples of Kashmir. Archaeology, 46-53.
- Foucher, A. C. (1914). The Beginnings of Buddhist Art and other Essays in Indian and Central-Asian ArchÓ• ology. (L. A. Thomas, & F. W. Thomos, Trans.) London: Humphurey Milford
- Ghani, K. A. (2009). Sharda: Tarikh kay IrtaqÄÄ« MarÄ hil (Urdu ed.). Mirpur: Verinag Publishers
- Hardy, A. (1995). Indian Temple Architecture: Form and Transformation. New Delhi: Abhinav Publications.
- Havell, E. (repr. 2004). Encyclopaedia of Architecture in the Indian Subcontinent. New Delhi: Aryan Books International.
- Kak, R. C. (1933). Ancient Monuments of Kashmir. London: The India Society
- Kalla, K. (1996). Cultural Heritage of Kashmir. New Delhi: Anmol Publications.
- Kanjilal, R. L., & Zadoo, P. J.-d. (Eds.). (1924). Nī lamata Puraṇ am. Motilal Banarsi Das
- Khan, M. A., & Rahman, G. u. (2016). Threats to the Cultural Heritage of Pakistan: Survey and Documentation of Tangible and Intangible Heritage of Azad Jammu & Kashmir and Northern Areas of Pakistan. Islamabad: Taxila Institute of Asian Civilizations, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad
- Khan, A., & Aslam, S. (2016) Rock Shelter Temples of Kashmir, Journal of South Asia, 33(1)
- Kramrisch, S. (1946). The Hindu Temple. Calcutta: University of Calcutta.
- Kumari, V. (1988). The Nilmata Purana: A Cultural & Litrary Study (2nd ed., Vol. 1).Sirinagar, Kashmir, India: Kitab Ghar Maulana Azad Road.
- Marshall, J. H. (1960). A Guide to Taxila. London: Cambridge University Press
- Masih, F. (2000). Temples of the Salt Range: Detailed Analysis of their Architectural and Decorative Designs. Peshawar: Unpublished Thesis
- Meister, M. W. (1981 - 1982). Analysis of Temple Plans: Indor. Artibus Asiae, 43 (No. 4), 302-20.
- Meister, M., Dhaky, M., & Krishna Deva (Eds.). (1988). Encyclopaedia of Indian Temple Architecture: North India - Foundations of North Indian Style, C. 250B.C.- A.D.1100 (Vols. Volume I - Plates, Volume II - Text). Princeton: Princeton University Press,
- Mitra, D. (1993). Pandrethan, Avantipur & Martand. New Delhi: Archaeological Survey of India.
- Qader, K. (1993). Sharda-An Ancient Monument. Lahore Museum Bulletin, 6(1, 2), 17-27.
- Sachau, E. C. (1888). Alberuni's India: An Account of the Religion, Philosophy, Literature, Geography, Chronology, Astronomy, Customs, Laws and Astrology of India About AD 1030 (Vol. 1). London: Trübner & Co., Ludgate Hill.
- Samad, A. (2020). Emergence of Hinduism in GandhÄ ra. Lahore: Sang-e-Meel Publications. Retrieved from https://d- nb.info/1027276164/34 Stein, M. A. (1900). Kalhaṇ a’s RÄ jataraá¹… ginÄ« : A Chronicle of the Kings of KaÅ› mÄ« r. Westminster: Archibald Constable and Company, Ltd.
- Watter, T. (1904). On Yuan Chwang’s Travel in India 629-645. London: Royal Asiatic Societ
Cite this article
-
APA : Ahmad, J., Arif, A. M., & Anwar, A. (2022). History, Architecture and Tourism Prospects of the Sharda Temple in Neelum Valley, Pakistan: An Appraisal. Global Regional Review, VII(II), 177-189. https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2022(VII-II).17
-
CHICAGO : Ahmad, Junaid, Anas Mahmud Arif, and Adnan Anwar. 2022. "History, Architecture and Tourism Prospects of the Sharda Temple in Neelum Valley, Pakistan: An Appraisal." Global Regional Review, VII (II): 177-189 doi: 10.31703/grr.2022(VII-II).17
-
HARVARD : AHMAD, J., ARIF, A. M. & ANWAR, A. 2022. History, Architecture and Tourism Prospects of the Sharda Temple in Neelum Valley, Pakistan: An Appraisal. Global Regional Review, VII, 177-189.
-
MHRA : Ahmad, Junaid, Anas Mahmud Arif, and Adnan Anwar. 2022. "History, Architecture and Tourism Prospects of the Sharda Temple in Neelum Valley, Pakistan: An Appraisal." Global Regional Review, VII: 177-189
-
MLA : Ahmad, Junaid, Anas Mahmud Arif, and Adnan Anwar. "History, Architecture and Tourism Prospects of the Sharda Temple in Neelum Valley, Pakistan: An Appraisal." Global Regional Review, VII.II (2022): 177-189 Print.
-
OXFORD : Ahmad, Junaid, Arif, Anas Mahmud, and Anwar, Adnan (2022), "History, Architecture and Tourism Prospects of the Sharda Temple in Neelum Valley, Pakistan: An Appraisal", Global Regional Review, VII (II), 177-189
-
TURABIAN : Ahmad, Junaid, Anas Mahmud Arif, and Adnan Anwar. "History, Architecture and Tourism Prospects of the Sharda Temple in Neelum Valley, Pakistan: An Appraisal." Global Regional Review VII, no. II (2022): 177-189. https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2022(VII-II).17