ARTICLE

EXPLORING THE INFLUENCE OF UNEMPLOYMENT ON CRIMINAL BEHAVIOR IN PUNJAB PAKISTAN NOUMAN KHALIQ

  1. HOME
  2. ARTICLE

43 Pages : 402-409

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-I).43      10.31703/grr.2019(IV-I).43      Published : Mar 2019

Exploring the Influence of Unemployment on Criminal Behavior in Punjab, Pakistan.

Abstract

    The main objective of this research was to investigate the effect of unemployment on criminal behavior. A multistage sampling technique was used for the selection of a sample of 400 respondents who have ever committed a crime. A well-designed and the pre-tested interviewing schedule was used to collect information from the respondents in randomly selected district jails of Punjab, Pakistan. Descriptive analysis shows that majority of the respondents was young and married. Around onefourth of the respondents were illiterate and about the same proportion had primary level education. Two-fifth of the respondents had less than Rs. 20,000 monthly family income. Multivariate analysis revealed that unemployed respondents had 30 percent more chances to commit the crime as compared to the employed respondents. Thus the set hypothesis that unemployment is significantly related to criminal behavior of the respondents is upheld

    Unemployment, Criminal Behavior, Socio-Economic, Crime, Illiterate

    (1) Nouman Khaliq
    Phd Scholar, Department of Sociology, GC University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan.
    (2) Muhammad Shabbir
    Assistant Professor,Department of Sociology,GC University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan.
    (3) Zahira Batool
    Professor,Department of Sociology,GC University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan.
Fulltext PDF

References

  • Baron, S. W. (2004). General strain, street youth and crime: A test of Agnew's revised theory. Criminology, 42(2), 457-484.
  • Becker, G. S. (1968). Crime and punishment: An economic approach. The economic dimensions of crime (pp. 13-68). Palgrave Macmillan, London.
  • Britt, C. L. (1994). Crime and Unemployment Among Youths in the United States, 1958-1990: A Time Series Analysis. American Journal of Economics and Sociology, 53(1), 99-109.
  • Buonanno, P. (2003). The socioeconomic determinants of crime.A review of the literature.
  • Cantor, D., & Land, K. C. (1985). Unemployment and crime rates in the post-World War II United States: A theoretical and empirical analysis. American Sociological Review, 317-332.
  • Carmichael, F., & Ward, R. (2001).Male unemployment and crime in England and Wales. Economics Letters, 73(1), 111-115.
  • Chiricos, T. G. (1987). Rates of crime and unemployment: An analysis of aggregate research evidence. Social problems, 34(2), 187-212.
  • Donohue III, J. J., & Levitt, S. D. (2001).The impact of legalized abortion on crime. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 116(2), 379-420.
  • Draca, M., & Machin, S. (2015).Crime and economic incentives. Economics, 7(1), 389-408.
  • Edmark, K. (2005). Unemployment and crime: Is there a connection?. Scandinavian Journal of Economics, 107(2), 353-373
  • Ehrlich, I. (1973). Participation in illegitimate activities: A theoretical and empirical investigation. Journal of Political Economy, 81(3), 521-565.
  • Farrall, S., Godfrey, B., & Cox, D. (2009). The role of historically-embedded structures in processes of criminal reform: A structural criminology of desistance. Theoretical Criminology, 13(1), 79-104.
  • Tsai, L. C. F. (2014). Federal Bureau of Investigation. The Encyclopedia of Criminology and Criminal Justice, 1-10.
  • Fougère, D., Kramarz, F. &Pouget, J. (2009).Youth unemployment and crime in France. Journal of the European Economic Association, 7(5), 909-938.
  • Gould, E. D., Weinberg, B. A., & Mustard, D. B. (2002). Crime rates and local labor market opportunities in the United States: 1979-1997. Review of Economics and Statistics, 84(1), 45-61.
  • Hagan, J., & McCarthy, B. (1997). Intergenerational sanction sequences and trajectories of street-crime amplification. Stress and adversity over the life course: Trajectories and turning points, 73-90.
  • Holmlund, H., Hjalmarsson, R., & Lindquist, M. (2011). The Effect of Education on Criminal Convictions and Incarceration: Causal Evidence from Micro-data.
  • Hooda, R. (2018). Effects of unemployment and its relationship with crime. International Journal of Law, 4(2), 301-303.
  • Kelly, Morgan.
  • Lee K. (2017) Crime (Unemployment and). In: Marciano A., Ramello G. (eds) Encyclopedia of Law and Economics. Springer, New York, NY
  • Maume, M. O., Ousey, G. C., & Beaver, K. (2005).Cutting the grass: A reexamination of the link between marital attachment, delinquent peers and desistance from marijuana use. Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 21(1), 27-53.
  • Meghir, C., Palme, M., & Schnabel, M. (2012). The effect of education policy on crime: an intergenerational perspective (No. w18145). National Bureau of Economic Research.
  • Machin, S., &Meghir, C. (2004).Crime and economic incentives. Journal of Human resources, 39(4), 958-979.
  • Pakistan Times, (2013).Street crimes on rise. Retrieved from http://www.pstimes.com/
  • Raphael, S., & Winter-Ebmer, R. (2001).Identifying the effect of unemployment on crime. The Journal of Law and Economics, 44(1), 259-283.
  • Sampson, R. J., Laub, J. H., &Wimer, C. (2006). Does marriage reduce crime? A counterfactual approach to withinindividual causal effects. Criminology, 44(3), 465-508.
  • Savolainen, J. (2009). Work, family and criminal desistance: Adult social bonds in a Nordic welfare state. The British Journal of Criminology, 49(3), 285-304.
  • Steffensmeier, D., & Allan, E. (1995). Criminal behavior: Gender and age. Criminology: A contemporary handbook, 2, 83.
  • Theobald, D., & Farrington, D. P. (2011). Why do the crime-reducing effects of marriage vary with age? The British Journal of Criminology, 51(1), 136-158.

Cite this article

APA

    APA : Khaliq, N., Shabbir, M., & Batool, Z. (2019). Exploring the Influence of Unemployment on Criminal Behavior in Punjab, Pakistan.. Global Regional Review, IV(I), 402-409. https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-I).43

CHICAGO

    CHICAGO : Khaliq, Nouman, Muhammad Shabbir, and Zahira Batool. 2019. "Exploring the Influence of Unemployment on Criminal Behavior in Punjab, Pakistan.." Global Regional Review, IV (I): 402-409 doi: 10.31703/grr.2019(IV-I).43

HARVARD

    HARVARD : KHALIQ, N., SHABBIR, M. & BATOOL, Z. 2019. Exploring the Influence of Unemployment on Criminal Behavior in Punjab, Pakistan.. Global Regional Review, IV, 402-409.

MHRA

    MHRA : Khaliq, Nouman, Muhammad Shabbir, and Zahira Batool. 2019. "Exploring the Influence of Unemployment on Criminal Behavior in Punjab, Pakistan.." Global Regional Review, IV: 402-409

MLA

    MLA : Khaliq, Nouman, Muhammad Shabbir, and Zahira Batool. "Exploring the Influence of Unemployment on Criminal Behavior in Punjab, Pakistan.." Global Regional Review, IV.I (2019): 402-409 Print.

OXFORD

    OXFORD : Khaliq, Nouman, Shabbir, Muhammad, and Batool, Zahira (2019), "Exploring the Influence of Unemployment on Criminal Behavior in Punjab, Pakistan.", Global Regional Review, IV (I), 402-409

TURABIAN

    TURABIAN : Khaliq, Nouman, Muhammad Shabbir, and Zahira Batool. "Exploring the Influence of Unemployment on Criminal Behavior in Punjab, Pakistan.." Global Regional Review IV, no. I (2019): 402-409. https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-I).43