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- Chaudhary, F. A., Ahmad, B., Khalid, M. D., Fazal, A., Javaid, M. M., & Butt, D. Q. (2021). Factors influencing COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and acceptance among the Pakistani population. Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics, 17(10), 3365-3370. https://doi.org/10.1080/21645515.2021.1944743
- Chhikara, B. S., Rathi, B., Singh, J., & Poonam, F. N. U. (2020). Corona virus SARS-CoV- 2 disease COVID-19: Infection, prevention and clinical advances of the prospective chemical drug therapeutics. Chemical Biology Letters, 7(1), 63-72.
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- Fazel, M., Puntis, S., White, S. R., Townsend, A., Mansfield, K. L., Viner, R., Herring, J., Pollard, A. J., & Freeman, D. (2021). Willingness of children and adolescents to have a COVID-19 vaccination: Results of a large whole schools survey in England. EClinicalMedicine, 40, 101144. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eclinm.2021.101144
- Jin, Q., Raza, S. H., Yousaf, M., Zaman, U., & Siang, J. M. L. D. (2021). Can communication strategies combat COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy with trade- off between public service messages and public skepticism? Experimental evidence from Pakistan. Vaccines, 9(7), 757. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9070757
- Khan, Y. H., Mallhi, T. H., Alotaibi, N. H., Alzarea, A. I., Alanazi, A. S., Tanveer, N., & Hashmi, F. K. (2020). Threat of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in Pakistan: the need for measures to neutralize misleading narratives. The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene, 103(2), 603-604. https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.20-0654
- Kricorian, K., & Turner, K. (2021). COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance and Beliefs among Black and Hispanic Americans. PLOS ONE, 16(8), e0256122. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0256122
- Malik, A., Malik, J., & Ishaq, U. (2021). Acceptance of COVID-19 vaccine in Pakistan among health care workers. PLOS ONE, 16(9), e0257237. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0257237
- Okwo-Bele, J. M., & Cherian, T. (2011). The expanded programme on immunization: a lasting legacy of smallpox eradication. Vaccine, 29, D74- D79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.01.080
- Ortiz, R. R., Smith, A., & Coyne-Beasley, T. (2019). A systematic literature review to examine the potential for social media to impact HPV vaccine uptake and awareness, knowledge, and attitudes about HPV and HPV vaccination. Human Vaccines &Amp; Immunotherapeutics, 15(7–8), 1465– 1475. https://doi.org/10.1080/21645515.2019.1581543
- Otto, S., Mahner, B., Kadow, I., Beck, J. F., Wiersbitzky, S. K. W., & Bruns, R. (2000). General non-specific morbidity is reduced after vaccination within the third month of life-the Greifswald study. Journal of Infection, 41(2), 172-175. https://doi.org/10.1053/jinf.2000.0718
- Phadke, M., & Saunik, S. (2020). COVID-19 treatment by repurposing drugs until the vaccine is in sight. Drug development research, 81(5), 541-543. https://doi.org/10.1002/ddr.21666
- Porat, T., Burnell, R., Calvo, R. A., Ford, E., Paudyal, P., Baxter, W. L., & Parush, A. (2021). “Vaccine Passports†May Backfire: Findings from a Cross- Sectional Study in the UK and Israel on Willingness to Get Vaccinated against COVID-19. Vaccines, 9(8), 902. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9080902
- Rosenthal, P. J., Breman, J. G., Djimde, A. A., John, C. C., Kamya, M. R., Leke, R. G., ... & Bausch, D. G. (2020). COVID-19: shining the light on Africa. The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene, 102(6), 1145-1148. https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.20-0380
- SolÃs Arce, J. S., Warren, S. S., Meriggi, N. F., Scacco, A., McMurry, N., Voors, M., ... & Omer, S. B. (2021). COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and hesitancy in low-and middle-income countries. Nature medicine, 27(8), 1385-1394. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-021-01454-y
- Tagoe, E. T., Sheikh, N., Morton, A., Nonvignon, J., Sarker, A. R., Williams, L., & Megiddo, I. (2021). COVID-19 Vaccination in Lower-Middle Income Countries: National Stakeholder Views on Challenges, Barriers, and Potential Solutions. Frontiers in Public Health, 9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2021.709127
- Thomas, J. (2022, February 21). Vaccine hesitancy significantly influenced by social media misinformation. Health Europa. https://www.healtheuropa.eu/vaccine-hesitancy-significantly-influenced-by-social-media-misinformation/113671/
- Wu, D., Wu, T., Liu, Q., & Yang, Z. (2020). The SARS-CoV-2 outbreak what we know. International journal of infectious diseases, 94, 44-48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2020.03.004
- Zakar, R., Momina, A. U., Shahzad, S., Hayee, M., Shahzad, R., & Zakar, M. Z. (2022). COVID-19 Vaccination Hesitancy or Acceptance and Its Associated Factors: Findings from Post-Vaccination Cross- Sectional Survey from Punjab Pakistan. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(3), 1305. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19031305
- Adeyanju, G. C., Sprengholz, P., Betsch, C., & Essoh, T. A. (2021). Caregivers’ Willingness to Vaccinate Their Children against Childhood Diseases and Human Papillomavirus: A Cross-Sectional Study on Vaccine Hesitancy in Malawi. Vaccines, 9(11), 1231. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9111231
- Astuti, I. (2020). Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2): An overview of viral structure and host response. Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews, 14(4), 407-412. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsx.2020.04.020
- Bavel, J. J. V., Baicker, K., Boggio, P. S., Capraro, V., Cichocka, A., Cikara, M., ... & Willer, R. (2020). Using social and behavioural science to support COVID-19 pandemic response. Nature human behaviour, 4(5), 460-471. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-020-0884-z
- Chandir, S., Siddiqi, D. A., Mehmood, M., Setayesh, H., Siddique, M., Mirza, A., ... & Khan, A. J. (2020). Impact of COVID-19 pandemic response on uptake of routine immunizations in Sindh, Pakistan: an analysis of provincial electronic immunization registry data. Vaccine, 38(45), 7146-7155. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.08.019
- Chaudhary, F. A., Ahmad, B., Khalid, M. D., Fazal, A., Javaid, M. M., & Butt, D. Q. (2021). Factors influencing COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and acceptance among the Pakistani population. Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics, 17(10), 3365-3370. https://doi.org/10.1080/21645515.2021.1944743
- Chhikara, B. S., Rathi, B., Singh, J., & Poonam, F. N. U. (2020). Corona virus SARS-CoV- 2 disease COVID-19: Infection, prevention and clinical advances of the prospective chemical drug therapeutics. Chemical Biology Letters, 7(1), 63-72.
- Dubé, E., Laberge, C., Guay, M., Bramadat, P., Roy, R., & Bettinger, J. A. (2013). Vaccine hesitancy: an overview. Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics, 9(8), 1763-1773.
- Fazel, M., Puntis, S., White, S. R., Townsend, A., Mansfield, K. L., Viner, R., Herring, J., Pollard, A. J., & Freeman, D. (2021). Willingness of children and adolescents to have a COVID-19 vaccination: Results of a large whole schools survey in England. EClinicalMedicine, 40, 101144. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eclinm.2021.101144
- Jin, Q., Raza, S. H., Yousaf, M., Zaman, U., & Siang, J. M. L. D. (2021). Can communication strategies combat COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy with trade- off between public service messages and public skepticism? Experimental evidence from Pakistan. Vaccines, 9(7), 757. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9070757
- Khan, Y. H., Mallhi, T. H., Alotaibi, N. H., Alzarea, A. I., Alanazi, A. S., Tanveer, N., & Hashmi, F. K. (2020). Threat of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in Pakistan: the need for measures to neutralize misleading narratives. The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene, 103(2), 603-604. https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.20-0654
- Kricorian, K., & Turner, K. (2021). COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance and Beliefs among Black and Hispanic Americans. PLOS ONE, 16(8), e0256122. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0256122
- Malik, A., Malik, J., & Ishaq, U. (2021). Acceptance of COVID-19 vaccine in Pakistan among health care workers. PLOS ONE, 16(9), e0257237. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0257237
- Okwo-Bele, J. M., & Cherian, T. (2011). The expanded programme on immunization: a lasting legacy of smallpox eradication. Vaccine, 29, D74- D79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.01.080
- Ortiz, R. R., Smith, A., & Coyne-Beasley, T. (2019). A systematic literature review to examine the potential for social media to impact HPV vaccine uptake and awareness, knowledge, and attitudes about HPV and HPV vaccination. Human Vaccines &Amp; Immunotherapeutics, 15(7–8), 1465– 1475. https://doi.org/10.1080/21645515.2019.1581543
- Otto, S., Mahner, B., Kadow, I., Beck, J. F., Wiersbitzky, S. K. W., & Bruns, R. (2000). General non-specific morbidity is reduced after vaccination within the third month of life-the Greifswald study. Journal of Infection, 41(2), 172-175. https://doi.org/10.1053/jinf.2000.0718
- Phadke, M., & Saunik, S. (2020). COVID-19 treatment by repurposing drugs until the vaccine is in sight. Drug development research, 81(5), 541-543. https://doi.org/10.1002/ddr.21666
- Porat, T., Burnell, R., Calvo, R. A., Ford, E., Paudyal, P., Baxter, W. L., & Parush, A. (2021). “Vaccine Passports†May Backfire: Findings from a Cross- Sectional Study in the UK and Israel on Willingness to Get Vaccinated against COVID-19. Vaccines, 9(8), 902. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9080902
- Rosenthal, P. J., Breman, J. G., Djimde, A. A., John, C. C., Kamya, M. R., Leke, R. G., ... & Bausch, D. G. (2020). COVID-19: shining the light on Africa. The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene, 102(6), 1145-1148. https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.20-0380
- SolÃs Arce, J. S., Warren, S. S., Meriggi, N. F., Scacco, A., McMurry, N., Voors, M., ... & Omer, S. B. (2021). COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and hesitancy in low-and middle-income countries. Nature medicine, 27(8), 1385-1394. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-021-01454-y
- Tagoe, E. T., Sheikh, N., Morton, A., Nonvignon, J., Sarker, A. R., Williams, L., & Megiddo, I. (2021). COVID-19 Vaccination in Lower-Middle Income Countries: National Stakeholder Views on Challenges, Barriers, and Potential Solutions. Frontiers in Public Health, 9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2021.709127
- Thomas, J. (2022, February 21). Vaccine hesitancy significantly influenced by social media misinformation. Health Europa. https://www.healtheuropa.eu/vaccine-hesitancy-significantly-influenced-by-social-media-misinformation/113671/
- Wu, D., Wu, T., Liu, Q., & Yang, Z. (2020). The SARS-CoV-2 outbreak what we know. International journal of infectious diseases, 94, 44-48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2020.03.004
- Zakar, R., Momina, A. U., Shahzad, S., Hayee, M., Shahzad, R., & Zakar, M. Z. (2022). COVID-19 Vaccination Hesitancy or Acceptance and Its Associated Factors: Findings from Post-Vaccination Cross- Sectional Survey from Punjab Pakistan. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(3), 1305. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19031305
Cite this article
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APA : Gillani, M., Khan, B. Y., & Khan, A. (2022). Social Media and COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy in Pakistan. Global Regional Review, VII(II), 347-358 . https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2022(VII-II).33
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CHICAGO : Gillani, Mahnoor, Bin Yamin Khan, and Abobakr Khan. 2022. "Social Media and COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy in Pakistan." Global Regional Review, VII (II): 347-358 doi: 10.31703/grr.2022(VII-II).33
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HARVARD : GILLANI, M., KHAN, B. Y. & KHAN, A. 2022. Social Media and COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy in Pakistan. Global Regional Review, VII, 347-358 .
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MHRA : Gillani, Mahnoor, Bin Yamin Khan, and Abobakr Khan. 2022. "Social Media and COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy in Pakistan." Global Regional Review, VII: 347-358
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MLA : Gillani, Mahnoor, Bin Yamin Khan, and Abobakr Khan. "Social Media and COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy in Pakistan." Global Regional Review, VII.II (2022): 347-358 Print.
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OXFORD : Gillani, Mahnoor, Khan, Bin Yamin, and Khan, Abobakr (2022), "Social Media and COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy in Pakistan", Global Regional Review, VII (II), 347-358
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TURABIAN : Gillani, Mahnoor, Bin Yamin Khan, and Abobakr Khan. "Social Media and COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy in Pakistan." Global Regional Review VII, no. II (2022): 347-358 . https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2022(VII-II).33