GRR - Global Regional Review

LEASTSQUARE MODELS WITH STRUCTURAL BREAKS FOR PRICEDEMAND RELATIONSHIP OF PREVENTIONCOMMODITIES TO COVID19 DISEASE EVIDENCE FROM POOLED WEEKLY DATA OF

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2020(V-III).18 10.31703/grr.2020(V-III).18
Authored by : Aziz Ahmed , Nagina Gul , Muhammad Shakeel

18 Pages : 166-182

References

Adler, R. S. (1995). Redesigning People versus Re-designing Products: The Consumer Product Safety Commission Addresses Misuse. JL & Pol., 11, 79.
Bai, J., & Perron, P. (1998). Estimating and testing linear models with multiple structural changes. Econometrica, 47-78.
Bai, J., & Perron, P. (2003). Computation and analysis of multiple structural change models. Journal of applied econometrics, 18(1), 1-22.
CDC. (2020). Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): steps to prevent illness. Available Online: (accessed on 27 May 2020) https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/about/prevention-treatment.html
CDC-Centre for Disease Control and Pretension. (2020). CDC Statement for Healthcare Personnel on Hand Hygiene during the Response to the International Emergence of COVID-19. Available Online: . (Access on 12 April 2020) https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/infection-control/hcp-hand-sanitizer.html
CDC-Centre for Disease Control and Pretension. (2020). Show Me the Science - When & How to Use Hand Sanitizer in Community Settings. Available Online: . (Access on 3 April 2020) https://www.cdc.gov/handwashing/show-methe-science-hand-sanitizer.html
Cowling, B. J., & Aiello, A. (2020). Public health measures to slow community spread of COVID-19. The Journal of Infectious Diseases.
Feng, S., Shen, C., Xia, N., Song, W., Fan, M., & Cowling, B. J. (2020). Rational use of face masks in the COVID-19 pandemic. The Lancet Respiratory Medicine.
GodÃƒÂ¸y, A., & Huitfeldt, I. (2020). Regional variation in health care utilization and mortality. Journal of Health Economics, 71, 102254.
Government of Pakistan (2020). National Action Plan for Corona virus disease (COVID-19). Ministry of National Health Sciences, Regulations and Coordination, Islamabad
Government of Pakistan (2020). National Action Plan for Corona virus disease (COVID-19). Ministry of National Health Sciences, Regulations and Coordination, Islamabad, Availablr online: (Accessed on 21 April 2020) http://covid.gov.pk/
Government of Pakistan. (2020). Ministry of National Health Sciences, Regulations and Coordination. Available Online: . (access on 27 March 2020) https://www.nih.org.pk/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/COVID-19-NAP-V2-13-March2020.pdf?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=1b5bf656f5473196fc60d159e08c26f78638a4f2-1585293635-0- AX9mqqjU0gqpBB_c4nxz4fv2_zETrX8KAemXBsfyU7taNUx3RkdzMMxdsdmr4uoFgsDvSZ41pMR nhwCCzg0tyeHSsBox_oAwCYj9qvTYChKk7trG76xQshAMp_gfy5aCKOscG1AZ4oFYRbZTUh2V WPZDAUgZEY4m5w9xeHnd0vQs0EPrBQIzkGC1YHu5YMcggRp5QncHc6ehhIhy9YtpHstmT0HVzRRu0lDoF4RpuMRTk43VWgNMvOQ8_s 1DFEWKvEjTeX9mmaAZnWlz6MvfLZ7IcXqTvKYwpqOtIvXazqIeZ85zw_- zWHaburNXWO4WOjsq79DCAvb94KCdMG
Hastie, T. J. (2017). Generalized additive models. In Statistical models in S (pp. 249-307). Routledge.
Kannan, S. P. Shaik Syed Ali, A. Sheeza, K. Hemalatha. COVID-19 (Novel Coronavirus 2019) - recent trends, Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci, Year: 2020, 24(4), Pages: 2006-2011, DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202002_20378
Lau, L. J. (1986). Functional forms in econometric model building. Handbook of econometrics, 3, 1515-1566.
Leman, J. (2010). Quantitative data collection. In Dahlberg, L., &McCaig, C. Practical research and evaluation: A start-to-finish guide for practitioners (pp. 172-190). London: SAGE Publications Ltd doi: 10.4135/9781446268346. Available Online: (Accessed on 20 April 2020) https://psyarxiv.com/y38m9
Liu J, Wu S, Zidek JV. (1997). On segmented multivariate regressions. Statistica Sinica 7, 497-525.
Nkengasong, J. N., & Mankoula, W. (2020). Looming threat of COVID-19 infection in Africa: act collectively, and fast. The Lancet, 395(10227), 841-842.
Novel Coronavirus Disease Named COVID-19. Available online: (accessed on 6 April 2020). https://www.who.int/emergencies/ diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/events-as-they-happen
Nunes, L. C., Kuan, C. M., & Newbold, P. (1995). Spurious break. Econometric Theory, 11(4), 736-749.
PBS-Pakistan Bureau of Statistics. (2020). Government of Pakistan. Ministry of Planning, Development and Special Initiatives PAKISTAN BUREAU OF STATISTICS. PRESS RELEASE ON CONSUMER PRICE INDEX (CPI) INFLATIONFOR THE MONTH OF February, 2020 [Base 2015-16=100]. Available Online:. (accessed on 10 April 2020). http://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files//press_releases/2020/cpi_press_release_febru ary_2020.pdf
Pedroni, P. (2000). Fully modified OLS for heterogeneous cointegrated panels. Advances in econometrics, 15, 93- 130.
Pedroni, P. (2001). Purchasing power parity tests in cointegrated panels. Review of Economics and statistics, 83(4), 727-731.
State Council, China. (2020). Guidelines for the selection and use of different types of masks for preventing new coronavirus infection in different populations 2020 (in Chinese). Available Online: (accessed on 27 May 2020) http://www.gov.cn/xinwen/2020-02/05/content_5474774.htm
Thalanany, M.M., Mugford, M., Hibbert, C. et al. (2008). Methods of data collection and analysis for the economic evaluation alongside a national, multi-centre trial in the UK: Conventional ventilation or ECMO for Severe Adult Respiratory Failure (CESAR). BMC Health Serv Res 8, 94 https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6963-8-94
The Washington Post (2020). The corona virus threatens all of humanity. All of humanity must fight back. Available online: . (accessed on 7 April 2020) https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/global-opinions/wealthy-nationspandemic-fight-doesnt-stop-at-their-borders/2020/03/24/94afdae8-6e0c-11ea-b148- e4ce3fbd85b5_story.html
Thevarajan, I., Nguyen, T.H.O., Koutsakos, M. et al. (2020). Breadth of concomitant immune responses prior to patient recovery: a case report of non-severe COVID-19. Nat Med https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-020-0819-2
US State Department. (2020). Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Emergency Alert, Available Online: (accessed on 27 May 2020) https://www.state.gov/coronavirus/
USAID. (2020). United States AID, From the American People. NOVEL CORONAVIRUS (COVID-19), Available Online; (accessed on 27 May 2020) https://www.usaid.gov/coronavirus
Van Bavel, J. J., Baicker, K., Boggio, P. S., Capraro, V., Cichocka, A., Cikara, M., Crockett, M. J., Crum, A. J., Douglas, K. M., Druckman, J. N. Drury, J., Dube, O., Ellemers, N., Finkel, E. J., Fowler, J. H., Gelfand, M., Han, S., Haslam, S. A., Jetten, J., Kitayama, S., Mobbs, D., Napper, L. E., Packer, D. J., Pennycook, G., Peters, E., Petty, R. E., Rand, D. G., Reicher, S. D., Schnall, S., Shariff, A., Skitka, L. J., Smith, S. S., Sunstein, C. R., Tabri, N., Tucker, J. A., van der Linden,
Van den Berg, G. J., Gerdtham, U. G., von Hinke, S., Lindeboom, M., Lissdaniels, J., Sundquist, J., & Sundquist, K. (2017). Mortality and the business cycle: Evidence from individual and aggregated data. Journal of health economics, 56, 61-70.
WHO. (2020). Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) advice for the public: when and how to use masks. Available Online: (accessed on 27 May 2020) https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/advice-forpublic/when-and-how-to-use-masks
World Health Organization (2020). Coronavirus (COVID-19), WHO Health Emergency Dashboard WHO (COVID-19) Homepage, Available Online: (Accessed on 21 April 2020) International Monetary Fund. (2020). World Economic Outlook, April 2020: The Great Lockdown, WORLD ECONOMIC OUTLOOK REPORTS, April 2020, Available Online: (accessed on 27 May 2020) https://covid19.who.int/ https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/Issues/2020/04/14/weo-april-2020
World Health Organization (2020). WHO Director General's remarks Launch of Appeal: Global Humanitarian Response Plan - 25 March 2020. Available Online: (accessed on 15 April 2020) https://www.who.int/dg/speeches/detail/whodirector-general-s-remarks-launch-of-appeal-global-humanitarian-response-plan---25-march-2020

References

Adler, R. S. (1995). Redesigning People versus Re-designing Products: The Consumer Product Safety Commission Addresses Misuse. JL & Pol., 11, 79.
Bai, J., & Perron, P. (1998). Estimating and testing linear models with multiple structural changes. Econometrica, 47-78.
Bai, J., & Perron, P. (2003). Computation and analysis of multiple structural change models. Journal of applied econometrics, 18(1), 1-22.
CDC. (2020). Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): steps to prevent illness. Available Online: (accessed on 27 May 2020) https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/about/prevention-treatment.html
CDC-Centre for Disease Control and Pretension. (2020). CDC Statement for Healthcare Personnel on Hand Hygiene during the Response to the International Emergence of COVID-19. Available Online: . (Access on 12 April 2020) https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/infection-control/hcp-hand-sanitizer.html
CDC-Centre for Disease Control and Pretension. (2020). Show Me the Science - When & How to Use Hand Sanitizer in Community Settings. Available Online: . (Access on 3 April 2020) https://www.cdc.gov/handwashing/show-methe-science-hand-sanitizer.html
Cowling, B. J., & Aiello, A. (2020). Public health measures to slow community spread of COVID-19. The Journal of Infectious Diseases.
Feng, S., Shen, C., Xia, N., Song, W., Fan, M., & Cowling, B. J. (2020). Rational use of face masks in the COVID-19 pandemic. The Lancet Respiratory Medicine.
GodÃƒÂ¸y, A., & Huitfeldt, I. (2020). Regional variation in health care utilization and mortality. Journal of Health Economics, 71, 102254.
Government of Pakistan (2020). National Action Plan for Corona virus disease (COVID-19). Ministry of National Health Sciences, Regulations and Coordination, Islamabad
Government of Pakistan (2020). National Action Plan for Corona virus disease (COVID-19). Ministry of National Health Sciences, Regulations and Coordination, Islamabad, Availablr online: (Accessed on 21 April 2020) http://covid.gov.pk/
Government of Pakistan. (2020). Ministry of National Health Sciences, Regulations and Coordination. Available Online: . (access on 27 March 2020) https://www.nih.org.pk/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/COVID-19-NAP-V2-13-March2020.pdf?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=1b5bf656f5473196fc60d159e08c26f78638a4f2-1585293635-0- AX9mqqjU0gqpBB_c4nxz4fv2_zETrX8KAemXBsfyU7taNUx3RkdzMMxdsdmr4uoFgsDvSZ41pMR nhwCCzg0tyeHSsBox_oAwCYj9qvTYChKk7trG76xQshAMp_gfy5aCKOscG1AZ4oFYRbZTUh2V WPZDAUgZEY4m5w9xeHnd0vQs0EPrBQIzkGC1YHu5YMcggRp5QncHc6ehhIhy9YtpHstmT0HVzRRu0lDoF4RpuMRTk43VWgNMvOQ8_s 1DFEWKvEjTeX9mmaAZnWlz6MvfLZ7IcXqTvKYwpqOtIvXazqIeZ85zw_- zWHaburNXWO4WOjsq79DCAvb94KCdMG
Hastie, T. J. (2017). Generalized additive models. In Statistical models in S (pp. 249-307). Routledge.
Kannan, S. P. Shaik Syed Ali, A. Sheeza, K. Hemalatha. COVID-19 (Novel Coronavirus 2019) - recent trends, Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci, Year: 2020, 24(4), Pages: 2006-2011, DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202002_20378
Lau, L. J. (1986). Functional forms in econometric model building. Handbook of econometrics, 3, 1515-1566.
Leman, J. (2010). Quantitative data collection. In Dahlberg, L., &McCaig, C. Practical research and evaluation: A start-to-finish guide for practitioners (pp. 172-190). London: SAGE Publications Ltd doi: 10.4135/9781446268346. Available Online: (Accessed on 20 April 2020) https://psyarxiv.com/y38m9
Liu J, Wu S, Zidek JV. (1997). On segmented multivariate regressions. Statistica Sinica 7, 497-525.
Nkengasong, J. N., & Mankoula, W. (2020). Looming threat of COVID-19 infection in Africa: act collectively, and fast. The Lancet, 395(10227), 841-842.
Novel Coronavirus Disease Named COVID-19. Available online: (accessed on 6 April 2020). https://www.who.int/emergencies/ diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/events-as-they-happen
Nunes, L. C., Kuan, C. M., & Newbold, P. (1995). Spurious break. Econometric Theory, 11(4), 736-749.
PBS-Pakistan Bureau of Statistics. (2020). Government of Pakistan. Ministry of Planning, Development and Special Initiatives PAKISTAN BUREAU OF STATISTICS. PRESS RELEASE ON CONSUMER PRICE INDEX (CPI) INFLATIONFOR THE MONTH OF February, 2020 [Base 2015-16=100]. Available Online:. (accessed on 10 April 2020). http://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files//press_releases/2020/cpi_press_release_febru ary_2020.pdf
Pedroni, P. (2000). Fully modified OLS for heterogeneous cointegrated panels. Advances in econometrics, 15, 93- 130.
Pedroni, P. (2001). Purchasing power parity tests in cointegrated panels. Review of Economics and statistics, 83(4), 727-731.
State Council, China. (2020). Guidelines for the selection and use of different types of masks for preventing new coronavirus infection in different populations 2020 (in Chinese). Available Online: (accessed on 27 May 2020) http://www.gov.cn/xinwen/2020-02/05/content_5474774.htm
Thalanany, M.M., Mugford, M., Hibbert, C. et al. (2008). Methods of data collection and analysis for the economic evaluation alongside a national, multi-centre trial in the UK: Conventional ventilation or ECMO for Severe Adult Respiratory Failure (CESAR). BMC Health Serv Res 8, 94 https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6963-8-94
The Washington Post (2020). The corona virus threatens all of humanity. All of humanity must fight back. Available online: . (accessed on 7 April 2020) https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/global-opinions/wealthy-nationspandemic-fight-doesnt-stop-at-their-borders/2020/03/24/94afdae8-6e0c-11ea-b148- e4ce3fbd85b5_story.html
Thevarajan, I., Nguyen, T.H.O., Koutsakos, M. et al. (2020). Breadth of concomitant immune responses prior to patient recovery: a case report of non-severe COVID-19. Nat Med https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-020-0819-2
US State Department. (2020). Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Emergency Alert, Available Online: (accessed on 27 May 2020) https://www.state.gov/coronavirus/
USAID. (2020). United States AID, From the American People. NOVEL CORONAVIRUS (COVID-19), Available Online; (accessed on 27 May 2020) https://www.usaid.gov/coronavirus
Van Bavel, J. J., Baicker, K., Boggio, P. S., Capraro, V., Cichocka, A., Cikara, M., Crockett, M. J., Crum, A. J., Douglas, K. M., Druckman, J. N. Drury, J., Dube, O., Ellemers, N., Finkel, E. J., Fowler, J. H., Gelfand, M., Han, S., Haslam, S. A., Jetten, J., Kitayama, S., Mobbs, D., Napper, L. E., Packer, D. J., Pennycook, G., Peters, E., Petty, R. E., Rand, D. G., Reicher, S. D., Schnall, S., Shariff, A., Skitka, L. J., Smith, S. S., Sunstein, C. R., Tabri, N., Tucker, J. A., van der Linden,
Van den Berg, G. J., Gerdtham, U. G., von Hinke, S., Lindeboom, M., Lissdaniels, J., Sundquist, J., & Sundquist, K. (2017). Mortality and the business cycle: Evidence from individual and aggregated data. Journal of health economics, 56, 61-70.
WHO. (2020). Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) advice for the public: when and how to use masks. Available Online: (accessed on 27 May 2020) https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/advice-forpublic/when-and-how-to-use-masks
World Health Organization (2020). Coronavirus (COVID-19), WHO Health Emergency Dashboard WHO (COVID-19) Homepage, Available Online: (Accessed on 21 April 2020) International Monetary Fund. (2020). World Economic Outlook, April 2020: The Great Lockdown, WORLD ECONOMIC OUTLOOK REPORTS, April 2020, Available Online: (accessed on 27 May 2020) https://covid19.who.int/ https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/Issues/2020/04/14/weo-april-2020
World Health Organization (2020). WHO Director General's remarks Launch of Appeal: Global Humanitarian Response Plan - 25 March 2020. Available Online: (accessed on 15 April 2020) https://www.who.int/dg/speeches/detail/whodirector-general-s-remarks-launch-of-appeal-global-humanitarian-response-plan---25-march-2020