IMPACT OF PRINT MEDIA FRAMING OF THE 2018 GENERAL ELECTION ON PAKISTANI PEOPLE

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-II).53      10.31703/grr.2019(IV-II).53      Published : Jun 2
Authored by : RiazAhmad , WidadMustafa ElHadi , Bin Yamin Khan

53 Pages : 501 - 513

References

  • Amin, T. T. (2019). Inferential Statistics. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.26024.62725.
  • Ayhan, C. (2016). News Reporting On Different Platforms, In Terms of Newsgathering and Distribution: Examining The Case of “The Independent.
  • Bannan-Ritland, B. (2003). The Role of Design in Research: The Integrative Learning Design Framework. Educational Researcher, 32(1), 21–24. https://doi.org/10.3102/0013189x032001021
  • Bartholomé, G., Lecheler, S., & de Vreese, C. (2018). Towards A Typology of Conflict Frames: Substantiveness and interventionism in political conflict news. Journalism Studies, 19(12), 1689–1711. https://doi.org/10.1080/1461670X.2017.1299033
  • Berinsky, A. J., & Kinder, D. R. (2006). Making Sense of Issues Through Media Frames: Understanding the Kosovo Crisis. The Journal of Politics, 68(3), 640–656. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2508.2006.00451.x
  • Birkland, T. A. (2017). Agenda setting in public policy. In Handbook of Public Policy Analysis: Theory, Politics, and Methods. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315093192-12
  • Blumler, J. G. (1979). The Role of Theory in Uses and Gratifications Studies. Communication Research, 6(1), 9– 36. https://doi.org/10.1177/009365027900600102
  • Boumans, J. W., Boomgaarden, H. G., & Vliegenthart, R. (2013). Media Personalisation in Context: A Cross- National Comparison between the UK and the Netherlands, 1992–2007. Political Studies, 61(1_suppl), 198–216. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9248.12013
  • Chaudhry, N. I., & Ashraf, A. (2012). Agenda setting and Framing of Elections during Musharraf Period in Pakistani Print Media (1999-2008). International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 2(17), 9.
  • Chong, D., & Druckman, J. N. (2007). Framing Theory. Annual Review of Political Science, 10(1), 103–126. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.polisci.10.072805.103054
  • Cleophas, T. J., & Zwinderman, A. H. (2016). One-Sample Continuous Data (One-Sample T-Test, One-Sample Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test, 10 Patients). SPSS for Starters and 2nd Levelers, 3–6. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20600-4_1
  • DellaVigna, S., & Kaplan, E. (2007). The Political Impact of Media Bias. 28.
  • Díaz Jiménez, O. F. (2017). Election Campaigns, the Media and their Impact on Civic Engagement of Mexicans in the 2012 Presidential Election. Comunicación y Sociedad, 0(29), 139–164. https://doi.org/10.32870/cys.v0i29.6302
  • Eibl, O., & Gregor, M. (2019). A Brief Historical Overview of Political Campaigning: Theories, Concepts, and Approaches. Thirty Years of Political Campaigning in Central and Eastern Europe, 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-27693-5_1
  • Entman, R. M. (1993). Framing: Toward Clarification of a Fractured Paradigm. Journal of Communication, 43(4), 51–58. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.1993.tb01304.x
  • Ergün, E., & Karsten, N. (2019). Media logic in the coverage of election promises: comparative evidence from the Netherlands and the US. Acta Politica, 56(1), 1–25. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41269-019-00141-8
  • Fortunato, & Martin. (2016). The Intersection of Agenda-Setting, the Media Environment, and Election Campaign Laws. Journal of Information Policy, 6, 129. ttps://doi.org/10.5325/jinfopoli.6.2016.0129
  • Framing Theory. (2014). Theory Matters, 35–39. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203700556-4
  • Funkhouser, G. R. (1973). Trends in Media Coverage of the Issues of the ′60s. Journalism Quarterly, 50(3), 533– 538. https://doi.org/10.1177/107769907305000317
  • Gérard, L. (1969). Blumler J. G., McQuail D., Television and politics: Its uses and influence. - Persée. https://www.persee.fr/doc/rfsoc_0035-2969_1969_num_10_1_1489
  • Ghadeer, A. N. (2018). The changing nature of News Reporting, Story Development and Editing. Journal of Media and Communication Studies, 10(11), 143–150. https://doi.org/10.5897/JMCS2018.0631
  • Gurevitch, M., Coleman, S., & Blumler, J. G. (2009). Political Communication—Old and New Media Relationships. The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 625(1), 164–181. https://doi.org/10.1177/0002716209339345
  • Hänggli, R., & Kriesi, H. (2010). Political Framing Strategies and Their Impact on Media Framing in a Swiss Direct-Democratic Campaign. Political Communication, 27(2), 141–157. https://doi.org/10.1080/10584600903501484
  • Harlan, W. H. (1970). Review of Television in Politics: Its Uses and Influence. [Review of Review of Television in Politics: Its Uses and Influence., by J. G. Blumler & D. McQuail]. American Sociological Review, 35(2), 388–389. https://doi.org/10.2307/2093265
  • Jackson, D. (2011). Strategic news frames and public policy debates: Press and television news coverage of the euro in the UK. Communications, 36(2). https://doi.org/10.1515/comm.2011.009
  • Jan, M., Raza, M. R., Siddiq, M., & Saleem, N. (2013). Print media on coverage of political parties in Pakistan: Treatment of opinion pages of the ‘Dawn’ and ‘News’. 11.
  • Janssen, M. C. (2010). A Framing Analysis of Weblogs and Online Newspapers [Master of Science, San Jose State University]. https://doi.org/10.31979/etd.jc9f-mscx
  • Kim, S. H., Scheufele, D. A., & Shanahan, J. (2002). Think about it This Way: Attribute Agenda-Setting Function of the Press and the public’s Evaluation of a Local Issue. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 79(1), 7–25. https://doi.org/10.1177/107769900207900102
  • Krasteva, A., & Vladisavljevi, N. (2017). Securitization versus citizenship in the Balkan states: Populist and authoritarian misuses of security threats and civic responses. https://doi.org/20.500.11825/423
  • Krosnick, J. A., & Kinder, D. R. (1990). Altering the Foundations of Support for the President Through Priming. American Political Science Review, 84(2), 497–512. https://doi.org/10.2307/1963531
  • Manzoor, H., Saeed, S., & Panhwar, A. H. (2019). Use of Discourse Analysis in Various Disciplines. International Journal of English Linguistics, 9(3), 301. https://doi.org/10.5539/ijel.v9n3p301
  • Mayntz, R. (2003). New challenges to governance theory. Governance as Social and Political Communication.
  • McCombs, M. E., & Shaw, D. L. (1972). The Agenda-Setting Function of Mass Media. Public Opinion Quarterly, 36(2), 176. https://doi.org/10.1086/267990
  • McGriff, J. A. (2012). A Conceptual Topic in Marketing Management: The Emerging Need for Protecting and Managing Brand Equity: The Case of Online Consumer Brand Boycotts. International Management Review.
  • Mcleod, J. M., Scheufele, D. A., & Moy, P. (1999). Community, Communication, and Participation: The Role of Mass Media and Interpersonal Discussion in Local Political Participation. Political Communication, 16(3), 315–336. https://doi.org/10.1080/105846099198659
  • Mickwitz, P. (2003). A Framework for Evaluating Environmental Policy Instruments. Evaluation, 9(4), 415– 436. https://doi.org/10.1177/135638900300900404
  • Mughal, M. A. (2011). List of Newspapers Published in Pakistan in National or Local Languages. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1922423
  • Muñiz, C., Saldierna, A. R., & Marañón, F. D. J. (2018). Framing of Electoral Processes: The Stages of the Campaign as a Moderator of the Presence of Political Frames in the News. Palabra Clave - Revista de Comunicación, 21(3), 740–771. https://doi.org/10.5294/pacla.2018.21.3.5
  • Nebojsa Vladisavljevic, & Voltmer, K. (2017). Media framing of democratization conflicts in Egypt, Kenya, Serbia and South Africa: A content analysis. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.28403.53281
  • O’gara, E. K. (2009). Framing of the 2008 presidential election in print news (p. 2807105) [Master of Science, Iowa State University, Digital Repository]. https://doi.org/10.31274/etd-180810-2615
  • Rexha, G. (2014). The role of media in political communication: The case of Kosovo. 2014 UBT International Conference, 53–57. https://doi.org/10.33107/ubt-ic.2014.30
  • Rohlinger, D. A. (2002). Framing the Abortion Debarte: Organizational Resources, Media Strategies, and Movement-Countermovement Dynamics. The Sociological Quarterly, 43(4), 479–507. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1533-8525.2002.tb00063.x
  • Salant, Y., & Rubinstein, A. (2008). Choice with frames. Review of Economic Studies, 75(4), 1287–1296. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-937x.2008.00510.x
  • Saleem, N., Hanan, M. A., & Tariq, T. (2013). Political Advertisements & Voters Behaviour in 2013 General Elections of Pakistan: Exposure vs Impact Analysis. Jrsp, 52(1), 9-26.
  • Scheufele, D. A., & Tewksbury, D. (2006). Framing, Agenda Setting, and Priming: The Evolution of Three Media Effects Models. Journal of Communication, 57(1), 9–20. ttps://doi.org/10.1111/j.0021-9916.2007.00326.x
  • Setyawati, H., & Rahayu, T. (2018). The Positive and Negative News Coverage Released by the Media that Influenced the Psychology of the Students. Proceedings of the International Seminar on Public Health and Education 2018 (ISPHE 2018). https://doi.org/10.2991/isphe-18.2018.40
  • Solinger, O. N., van Olffen, W., & Roe, R. A. (2008). Beyond the three-component model of organizational commitment. Journal of Applied Psychology, 93(1), 70–83. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021- 9010.93.1.70
  • Strömbäck, J., & Luengo, Ó. G. (2006). FRAMING AND ELECTION NEWS COVERAGE IN SPAIN AND SWEDEN. 12.
  • Swafford, S. (2012). FRAMING IN COMMUNITY NEWSPAPERS’ COVERAGE OF LOCAL ELECTIONS. 1.
  • Tewksbury, D., & Rittenberg, J. (2009). Online news creation and consumption: Implications for modern democracies. In Routledge Handbook of Internet Politics.
  • Uzunov, A. V., Fernandez, E. B., & Falkner, K. (2015). Security solution frames and security patterns for authorization in distributed, collaborative systems. Computers & Security, 55, 193–234. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cose.2015.08.003
  • Vasudevan, T. (2017). MEDIA FRAMING OF THE 2014 INDIAN ELECTION: THE RISE OF PRIME MINISTER NARENDRA MODI. 174.
  • Wendorf Muhamad, J., & Yang, F. (2017). Framing Autism: A Content Analysis of Five Major News Frames in U.S.-Based Newspapers. Journal of Health Communication, 22(3), 190–197. https://doi.org/10.1080/10810730.2016.1256453

References

  • Amin, T. T. (2019). Inferential Statistics. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.26024.62725.
  • Ayhan, C. (2016). News Reporting On Different Platforms, In Terms of Newsgathering and Distribution: Examining The Case of “The Independent.
  • Bannan-Ritland, B. (2003). The Role of Design in Research: The Integrative Learning Design Framework. Educational Researcher, 32(1), 21–24. https://doi.org/10.3102/0013189x032001021
  • Bartholomé, G., Lecheler, S., & de Vreese, C. (2018). Towards A Typology of Conflict Frames: Substantiveness and interventionism in political conflict news. Journalism Studies, 19(12), 1689–1711. https://doi.org/10.1080/1461670X.2017.1299033
  • Berinsky, A. J., & Kinder, D. R. (2006). Making Sense of Issues Through Media Frames: Understanding the Kosovo Crisis. The Journal of Politics, 68(3), 640–656. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2508.2006.00451.x
  • Birkland, T. A. (2017). Agenda setting in public policy. In Handbook of Public Policy Analysis: Theory, Politics, and Methods. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315093192-12
  • Blumler, J. G. (1979). The Role of Theory in Uses and Gratifications Studies. Communication Research, 6(1), 9– 36. https://doi.org/10.1177/009365027900600102
  • Boumans, J. W., Boomgaarden, H. G., & Vliegenthart, R. (2013). Media Personalisation in Context: A Cross- National Comparison between the UK and the Netherlands, 1992–2007. Political Studies, 61(1_suppl), 198–216. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9248.12013
  • Chaudhry, N. I., & Ashraf, A. (2012). Agenda setting and Framing of Elections during Musharraf Period in Pakistani Print Media (1999-2008). International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 2(17), 9.
  • Chong, D., & Druckman, J. N. (2007). Framing Theory. Annual Review of Political Science, 10(1), 103–126. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.polisci.10.072805.103054
  • Cleophas, T. J., & Zwinderman, A. H. (2016). One-Sample Continuous Data (One-Sample T-Test, One-Sample Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test, 10 Patients). SPSS for Starters and 2nd Levelers, 3–6. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20600-4_1
  • DellaVigna, S., & Kaplan, E. (2007). The Political Impact of Media Bias. 28.
  • Díaz Jiménez, O. F. (2017). Election Campaigns, the Media and their Impact on Civic Engagement of Mexicans in the 2012 Presidential Election. Comunicación y Sociedad, 0(29), 139–164. https://doi.org/10.32870/cys.v0i29.6302
  • Eibl, O., & Gregor, M. (2019). A Brief Historical Overview of Political Campaigning: Theories, Concepts, and Approaches. Thirty Years of Political Campaigning in Central and Eastern Europe, 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-27693-5_1
  • Entman, R. M. (1993). Framing: Toward Clarification of a Fractured Paradigm. Journal of Communication, 43(4), 51–58. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.1993.tb01304.x
  • Ergün, E., & Karsten, N. (2019). Media logic in the coverage of election promises: comparative evidence from the Netherlands and the US. Acta Politica, 56(1), 1–25. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41269-019-00141-8
  • Fortunato, & Martin. (2016). The Intersection of Agenda-Setting, the Media Environment, and Election Campaign Laws. Journal of Information Policy, 6, 129. ttps://doi.org/10.5325/jinfopoli.6.2016.0129
  • Framing Theory. (2014). Theory Matters, 35–39. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203700556-4
  • Funkhouser, G. R. (1973). Trends in Media Coverage of the Issues of the ′60s. Journalism Quarterly, 50(3), 533– 538. https://doi.org/10.1177/107769907305000317
  • Gérard, L. (1969). Blumler J. G., McQuail D., Television and politics: Its uses and influence. - Persée. https://www.persee.fr/doc/rfsoc_0035-2969_1969_num_10_1_1489
  • Ghadeer, A. N. (2018). The changing nature of News Reporting, Story Development and Editing. Journal of Media and Communication Studies, 10(11), 143–150. https://doi.org/10.5897/JMCS2018.0631
  • Gurevitch, M., Coleman, S., & Blumler, J. G. (2009). Political Communication—Old and New Media Relationships. The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 625(1), 164–181. https://doi.org/10.1177/0002716209339345
  • Hänggli, R., & Kriesi, H. (2010). Political Framing Strategies and Their Impact on Media Framing in a Swiss Direct-Democratic Campaign. Political Communication, 27(2), 141–157. https://doi.org/10.1080/10584600903501484
  • Harlan, W. H. (1970). Review of Television in Politics: Its Uses and Influence. [Review of Review of Television in Politics: Its Uses and Influence., by J. G. Blumler & D. McQuail]. American Sociological Review, 35(2), 388–389. https://doi.org/10.2307/2093265
  • Jackson, D. (2011). Strategic news frames and public policy debates: Press and television news coverage of the euro in the UK. Communications, 36(2). https://doi.org/10.1515/comm.2011.009
  • Jan, M., Raza, M. R., Siddiq, M., & Saleem, N. (2013). Print media on coverage of political parties in Pakistan: Treatment of opinion pages of the ‘Dawn’ and ‘News’. 11.
  • Janssen, M. C. (2010). A Framing Analysis of Weblogs and Online Newspapers [Master of Science, San Jose State University]. https://doi.org/10.31979/etd.jc9f-mscx
  • Kim, S. H., Scheufele, D. A., & Shanahan, J. (2002). Think about it This Way: Attribute Agenda-Setting Function of the Press and the public’s Evaluation of a Local Issue. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 79(1), 7–25. https://doi.org/10.1177/107769900207900102
  • Krasteva, A., & Vladisavljevi, N. (2017). Securitization versus citizenship in the Balkan states: Populist and authoritarian misuses of security threats and civic responses. https://doi.org/20.500.11825/423
  • Krosnick, J. A., & Kinder, D. R. (1990). Altering the Foundations of Support for the President Through Priming. American Political Science Review, 84(2), 497–512. https://doi.org/10.2307/1963531
  • Manzoor, H., Saeed, S., & Panhwar, A. H. (2019). Use of Discourse Analysis in Various Disciplines. International Journal of English Linguistics, 9(3), 301. https://doi.org/10.5539/ijel.v9n3p301
  • Mayntz, R. (2003). New challenges to governance theory. Governance as Social and Political Communication.
  • McCombs, M. E., & Shaw, D. L. (1972). The Agenda-Setting Function of Mass Media. Public Opinion Quarterly, 36(2), 176. https://doi.org/10.1086/267990
  • McGriff, J. A. (2012). A Conceptual Topic in Marketing Management: The Emerging Need for Protecting and Managing Brand Equity: The Case of Online Consumer Brand Boycotts. International Management Review.
  • Mcleod, J. M., Scheufele, D. A., & Moy, P. (1999). Community, Communication, and Participation: The Role of Mass Media and Interpersonal Discussion in Local Political Participation. Political Communication, 16(3), 315–336. https://doi.org/10.1080/105846099198659
  • Mickwitz, P. (2003). A Framework for Evaluating Environmental Policy Instruments. Evaluation, 9(4), 415– 436. https://doi.org/10.1177/135638900300900404
  • Mughal, M. A. (2011). List of Newspapers Published in Pakistan in National or Local Languages. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1922423
  • Muñiz, C., Saldierna, A. R., & Marañón, F. D. J. (2018). Framing of Electoral Processes: The Stages of the Campaign as a Moderator of the Presence of Political Frames in the News. Palabra Clave - Revista de Comunicación, 21(3), 740–771. https://doi.org/10.5294/pacla.2018.21.3.5
  • Nebojsa Vladisavljevic, & Voltmer, K. (2017). Media framing of democratization conflicts in Egypt, Kenya, Serbia and South Africa: A content analysis. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.28403.53281
  • O’gara, E. K. (2009). Framing of the 2008 presidential election in print news (p. 2807105) [Master of Science, Iowa State University, Digital Repository]. https://doi.org/10.31274/etd-180810-2615
  • Rexha, G. (2014). The role of media in political communication: The case of Kosovo. 2014 UBT International Conference, 53–57. https://doi.org/10.33107/ubt-ic.2014.30
  • Rohlinger, D. A. (2002). Framing the Abortion Debarte: Organizational Resources, Media Strategies, and Movement-Countermovement Dynamics. The Sociological Quarterly, 43(4), 479–507. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1533-8525.2002.tb00063.x
  • Salant, Y., & Rubinstein, A. (2008). Choice with frames. Review of Economic Studies, 75(4), 1287–1296. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-937x.2008.00510.x
  • Saleem, N., Hanan, M. A., & Tariq, T. (2013). Political Advertisements & Voters Behaviour in 2013 General Elections of Pakistan: Exposure vs Impact Analysis. Jrsp, 52(1), 9-26.
  • Scheufele, D. A., & Tewksbury, D. (2006). Framing, Agenda Setting, and Priming: The Evolution of Three Media Effects Models. Journal of Communication, 57(1), 9–20. ttps://doi.org/10.1111/j.0021-9916.2007.00326.x
  • Setyawati, H., & Rahayu, T. (2018). The Positive and Negative News Coverage Released by the Media that Influenced the Psychology of the Students. Proceedings of the International Seminar on Public Health and Education 2018 (ISPHE 2018). https://doi.org/10.2991/isphe-18.2018.40
  • Solinger, O. N., van Olffen, W., & Roe, R. A. (2008). Beyond the three-component model of organizational commitment. Journal of Applied Psychology, 93(1), 70–83. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021- 9010.93.1.70
  • Strömbäck, J., & Luengo, Ó. G. (2006). FRAMING AND ELECTION NEWS COVERAGE IN SPAIN AND SWEDEN. 12.
  • Swafford, S. (2012). FRAMING IN COMMUNITY NEWSPAPERS’ COVERAGE OF LOCAL ELECTIONS. 1.
  • Tewksbury, D., & Rittenberg, J. (2009). Online news creation and consumption: Implications for modern democracies. In Routledge Handbook of Internet Politics.
  • Uzunov, A. V., Fernandez, E. B., & Falkner, K. (2015). Security solution frames and security patterns for authorization in distributed, collaborative systems. Computers & Security, 55, 193–234. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cose.2015.08.003
  • Vasudevan, T. (2017). MEDIA FRAMING OF THE 2014 INDIAN ELECTION: THE RISE OF PRIME MINISTER NARENDRA MODI. 174.
  • Wendorf Muhamad, J., & Yang, F. (2017). Framing Autism: A Content Analysis of Five Major News Frames in U.S.-Based Newspapers. Journal of Health Communication, 22(3), 190–197. https://doi.org/10.1080/10810730.2016.1256453

Cite this article

APA

    APA : Ahmad, R., Hadi, W. M. E., & Khan, B. Y. (2019). Impact of Print Media Framing of the 2018 General Election on Pakistani People. Global Regional Review, IV(II), 501 - 513. https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-II).53

CHICAGO

    CHICAGO : Ahmad, Riaz, Widad Mustafa El Hadi, and Bin Yamin Khan. 2019. "Impact of Print Media Framing of the 2018 General Election on Pakistani People." Global Regional Review, IV (II): 501 - 513 doi: 10.31703/grr.2019(IV-II).53

HARVARD

    HARVARD : AHMAD, R., HADI, W. M. E. & KHAN, B. Y. 2019. Impact of Print Media Framing of the 2018 General Election on Pakistani People. Global Regional Review, IV, 501 - 513.

MHRA

    MHRA : Ahmad, Riaz, Widad Mustafa El Hadi, and Bin Yamin Khan. 2019. "Impact of Print Media Framing of the 2018 General Election on Pakistani People." Global Regional Review, IV: 501 - 513

MLA

    MLA : Ahmad, Riaz, Widad Mustafa El Hadi, and Bin Yamin Khan. "Impact of Print Media Framing of the 2018 General Election on Pakistani People." Global Regional Review, IV.II (2019): 501 - 513 Print.

OXFORD

    OXFORD : Ahmad, Riaz, Hadi, Widad Mustafa El, and Khan, Bin Yamin (2019), "Impact of Print Media Framing of the 2018 General Election on Pakistani People", Global Regional Review, IV (II), 501 - 513

TURABIAN

    TURABIAN : Ahmad, Riaz, Widad Mustafa El Hadi, and Bin Yamin Khan. "Impact of Print Media Framing of the 2018 General Election on Pakistani People." Global Regional Review IV, no. II (2019): 501 - 513. https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-II).53