References

• charya, V & Viswanathan, S. (2011). Leverage, Moral Hazard, and Liquidity. The Journal of Finance, 66(1), 99-138. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540- 6261.2010.01627.x
• Adu-G, M. (2016). The Overview of Risks Facing the International Banking System. Journal of Insurance and Financial Management, 1(2), 77-88.
• Ahmad, R., Arrif, M. & Skully, M. (2007). Factors determining mergers of banks in Malaysia's banking sector reform. Multinational Finance Journal, 11(1/2), 1- 31.
• Aiyagari, S. & McGrattan, E. (1998): “The optimum quantity of debt,” Journal of Monetary Economics, 42, 447–469.
• Alexandri, M. B. & Santoso, T. I. (2015). Non- performing loan: Impact of internal and external factor (Evidence in Indonesia). International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention, 4(1), 87-91.
• Akhtar, Ali, , M. F., & Ahmed, H. Z. (2011). Bank-specific and macroeconomic indicators of profitability-empirical evidence from the commercial banks of Pakistan. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 2(6), 235- 242.
• Ally, Z. (2014). Determinants of banks’ profitability in a developing economy: Empirical evidence from Tanzania. 363- 375.
• Al-Tamimi, H., & Hussein, A. (2010). Factors influencing performance of the UAE Islamic and conventional national banks. Global Journal of Business Research, 4(2), 1-9.
• Andries, A. M. (2009). A Comparative Analysis of Performance and Soundness Indicators of the Main Romanian Banks. Scientific Annals of the “Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University of Iasi: Economic Science Series, 56, 45-70.
• Aspachs, O., Nier, E. & Tiesset, M. (2005). Liquidity, Banking Regulation and the Macroeconomy: Evidence on Bank Liquidity Holdings from a Panel of UK- Resident Bank. Working paper, Bank of England.
• Athanasoglou, P. P., Brissimis, S. N., & Delis, M. D. (2008). Bank-specific, industry-specific and macroeconomic determinants of bank profitability. Journal of international financial Markets, Institutions and Money, 18(2), 121-136. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intfin.2006.07.001
• Badar, M. & Javid, A. Y. (2013). Impact of macroeconomic forces on nonperforming loans: an empirical study of commercial banks in Pakistan . WSEAS Transactions on Business and Economics, 10(1), 40-48.
• Baum, A., Checherita-Westphal, C. D., & Rother, P. (2012). Debt and Growth: New Evidence for the Euro Area. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2094998
• Berger, A. N. & Bouwman, C. H. (2009). Financial crises and bank liquidity creation. Journal of Financial Intermediation (7-8), 1- 52. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1364962
• Bolton, P. & O. Jeanne (2011). “Sovereign default risk and bank fragility in financially integrated economies, ”IMF Economic Review, 59,162–194.
• Brunnermeier, M. & Pedersen, L. (2009). Market Liquidity and Funding Liquidity. Review of Financial Studies, 22(6), 2201- 2238. https://doi.org/10.1093/rfs/hhn098
• Bunda, I. & Desquilbet, J.B. (2008). The Bank Liquidity Smile Across Exchange Rate Regimes. International Economic Journal, 22(3), 361-386. https://doi.org/10.1080/1016873080228 7952
• Caglayan, M. & Xu, B. (2016). Inflation Volatility Effects on the Allocation of Bank Loans, Journal of Financial Stability 24, 27-39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfs.2016.04.008
• Campello, M., E. Giambona, J.R. Graham. & C.R. Harvey (2011). “Liquidity Management and Corporate Investment During a Financial Crisis,” Review of Financial Studies, 24(6), 1944-1979. https://doi.org/10.1093/rfs/hhq131
• Cantrell, B.W., McInnis, J. M., & Yust, C. G. (2013). Predicting credit losses: Loan fair values versus historical costs. TheAccounting Review, 89(1), 147-176. https://doi.org/10.2308/accr-50593
• Challe, E. & X. Ragot (2011). Fiscal Policy in a Tractable Liquidity-Constrained Economy, The Economic Journal, 121(551), 273–317. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0297.2010.02399.x
• Checherita-Westphal, C. & P. Rother (2012). The impact of high government debt on economic growth and its channels. An empirical investigation for the euro area, European Economic Review, 56(7), 1392- 1405. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroecorev.2012.06.007
• Choon, L. K., Hooi, L.Y., Murthi,L., Yi,T. S. & Shven,T. Y. (2013). The determinants influencing liquidity of Malaysia commercial banks, and its implication for relevant bodies: evidence from 15 Malaysian commercial banks. 1-96.
• Cucinelli, D. (2015). The impact of non- performing loans on bank lending behaviour. Evidence from the Italian banking sector. Eurasian Journal of Business and Economics, 8(16), 59-71.
• Dawood, U. (2014). Factors impacting profitability of commercial banks in Pakistan for the period of (2009-2012). International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, 4(3), 1-7.
• Delechat, Corinne, A.C., Henao, M. & Vtyurina., S., (2012). The Determinants of Banks Liquidity Buffers in Central America, IMF Working Paper Series.
• DeYoung, R. & Jang, K. Y. (2015). Do Banks Actively Manage their Liquidity? Journal of Banking & Finance, 66, 143-161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbankfin.2015.11.013
• Duchin, R., O. Ozbas. & B.A. Sensoy (2010). Costly external finance, corporate investment, and the sub prime mortgage credit crisis, Journal of Financial Economics, 97(3), 418–435. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfineco.2009.12.008
• Dumitrescu, E.I. & Hurlin, C., (2012). Testing for Granger non-causality in heterogeneous panels. Economic Modelling, (29), 1450–60.
• Figlewski, S., Frydman, H. & Liang, W. (2012). Modeling the effect of macroeconomic factors on corporate default and credit rating transitions. International Review Economics and Finance 21(1), 87-105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iref.2011.05.004
• Gadise, G. (2014). Determinants of nonperforming loans: Empirical study in case of commercial banks in Ethiopia.: Jimma University Business and Economics College Department of Accounting and Finance.
• García-M & Fernández. M (2008). Risk- taking behaviour and ownership in the banking industry: The Spanish evidence , Journal of Economics and Business, 60 (4), 332 354. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeconbus.2007.04.008
• Ghosh, S. (2010). Credit Growth, Bank Soundness and Financial Fragility: Evidence from Indian Banking Sector. South Asia Economic Journal, 11(1), 69- 98. https://doi.org/10.1177/1391561410011001
• Gul, S., Irshad, F., & Zaman, K. (2011). Factors Affecting Bank Profitability in Pakistan. Romanian Economic Journal, 14(39), 61- 87.
• Horváth, R., Seidler, J. & Weill, L. (2014). Bank Capital and Liquidity Creation: Granger- Causality Evidence. Journal of Financial Services Research, 45(3), 341-361. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10693-013- 0164-4
• Hosna, A., Manzura, B. & Juanjuan, S. (2009). Credit risk management and profitability in commercial banks in Sweden.
• Isaev, M. & Masih, M. (2017). Macroeconomic and bank-specific determinants of different categories of non-performing financing in Islamic banks: Evidence from Malaysia, MPRA Paper 79719, University Library of Munich, Germany.
• Javaid, S., Anwar, J., Zaman, K., & Ghafoor, A. (2011). Determinants of bank profitability in Pakistan: Internal factor analysis. Journal of Yasar University, 2(1), 59-78.
• Jeffrey A. Frankel, & Andrew K. Rose (1996). Are Leading Indicators of Financial Crises Useful for Assessing CountryVulnerability? Evidence from the 2008- 09 Global Crisis, NBER working paper no. 5437. 1-48. https://www.nber.org/papers/w16047
• Jenkinson, N. (2008). Strengthening regimes for controlling liquidity risk: some lessons from the recent turmoil . Journal of Mathematical Models and Methods in Applied Sciences, 5(6), 1060-1067.
• Kamran, H. W., Johnson, Z., & Sammer, M. (2016). Determinants of profitability in Banking Sector. International Journal of Information Research and Review, 3(5), 2258-2264.
• Kithinji, A. M. (2010). Credit risk management and profitability of commercial banks in Kenya. School of Business, University of Nairobi, Nairobi.
• Kumar, M. & J. Woo (2010). Public Debt and Growth, IMF Working Papers, 174, 1–47.
• Kumhof, M. & E. Tanner (2005). Government Debt: A Key Role in Financial Intermediation, IMF Working Papers.
• Louzis, D. P., Vouldis, A. T. & Metaxas, V. L. (2010). Macroeconomic and bank- specific determinants of non- performing loans in Greece: a comparative study of mortgage, business and consumer loan portfolios. Journal of Banking & Finance, 36(4), 1012-1027.. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbankfin.2011.10.012
• Maechler, A. M, Mitra, S. & Worrell, D. (2007). Decomposing Financial Risks and Vulnerabilities in Eastern Europe. Washington, D. C. Working Paper.
• Masood, O., & Ashraf, M. (2012). Bank- specific and macroeconomic profitability determinants of Islamic banks: The case of different countries. Qualitative Research in Financial Markets, 4(2/3), 255-268. https://doi.org/10.1108/17554171211252565
• Masood, O., Ashraf, M., & Turen, S. (2015). Bank-specific and macroeconomic determinants of bank profitability: Evidence from Member States of the OIC . Journal of Islamic Financial Studies, 1(01). 45-51.
• Menicucci, E., & Paolucci, G. (2016). Factors affecting bank profitability in Europe: Anempirical investigation. African Journal of Business Management, 10(17), 410- 420.
• Michael, Taillard, (2012). Corporate Finance For Dummies: How Banks Calculate Their Loans to Deposits Ratio. Wiley : USA.
• Moore, W. (2010). How do financial crises affect commercial bank liquidity? Evidence from Latin America and the Caribbean.
• Moussa, M. A .B. (2015). The Determinants of Bank Liquidity: Case of Tunisia. 249-255.
• Nambiar, S. (2009). Malaysia and the Global Crisis: Impact, Response, and Rebalancing Strategies. Working Paper, Asian Development Bank Institute.
• Noman, A. H. M., Chowdhury, M. M., Chowdhury, N. J., Kabir, M. J., & Pervin, S. (2015). The effect of bank specific and macroeconomic determinants of banking profitability: A study on Bangladesh. International Journal of Business and Management, 10(6), 287. https://doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v10n6p287
• Nuviyanti, A. H., & Anggono, A. H. (2014). Determinants of Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR) in 28 Commercial Banks (Case Study: Period 2008-2013). Journal of Business and Management, 3(7), 752- 764. https://doi.org/10.26905/jkdp.v23i3.2981
• Ogboi, C. & Unuafe, O. K. (2013). Impact of credit risk management and capital adequacy on the financial performance of commercial banks in Nigeria. Journal of Emerging Issues in Economics, Finance and Banking, 2(3), 703-717.
• Olarewaju, O. M., & Akande, J. O. (2016). An Empirical Analysis of Capital Adequacy Determinants in Nigerian Banking Sector. International Journal of Economics and Finance, 8(12), 132. https://doi.org/10.5539/ijef.v8n12p132
• Rauch, C., Steffen, S., Hackethal, A. & Tyrell, M. (2009). Savings banks, liquidity creation and monetary policy.
• Reinhart, C. & Rogoff, K. (2010). The modern history of exchange rate arrangements: A reinterpretation, Quarterly Journal of Economics, 119(1), 1–48.
• Reinhart, C. M., Reinhart, V. R., & Rogoff, K. S. (2012). Public Debt Overhangs: Advanced-Economy Episodes Since 1800. The Journal of Economic Perspectives, 26(3), 69–86. http://www.jstor.org/stable/41581132
• Rengasamy, D. (2014). Impact of Loan Deposit Ratio (LDR) on Profitability: Panel Evidence from Commercial Banks in Malaysia.
• Roman, A. & Sargu, A. C. (2015). The impact of bank-specific factors on the commercial banks liquidity: empirical evidence from CEE countries. Economics and Finance, 20, 571-579. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2212-5671(15)00110-0
• Rychtarik, S. (2009). Liquidity scenario analysis in Luxembourg banking sector. BCDL working paper, Luxembourg: Banque central du Luxembourg.
• Saint-Paul,G. (2005). Fiscal Policy and Economic Growth: The Role of Financial Intermediation, Review of International Economics, 13(3), 612–629. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9396.2005.00526.x
• San, O. T., & Heng, T. B. (2013). Factors affecting the profitability of Malaysian commercial banks. African Journal of Business Management, 7(8), 649-660.
• Sharma, A. K. & Singh, A. (2016). An empirical analysis of macroeconomic and bank- specific factors affecting liquidity of Indian banks. Future Business Journal, 2(1), 40-53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fbj.2016.01.001
• Staikouras, C. K., & Wood, G. E. (2004). The determinants of European bank profitability. International business and economics research journal, 3(6), 57-68. https://doi.org/10.19030/iber.v3i6.3699
• Sufian, F. (2011). Benchmarking the efficiency of the Korean banking sector: a DEA approach. Benchmarking: An International Journal, 18(1), 107-127. https://doi.org/10.1108/14635771111109841
• Tamirisa, N. T. & Igan, D. O. (2008). Are Weak Banks Leading Credit Booms? Evidence from Emerging Europe. Comparative Economic Studies, 50(4), pp. 599-619.
• Tseganesh, T. (2012). ‘Determinants of Banks Liquidity and their Impact on Financial Performance’, MSc research report: Addis Ababa University.
• Vodova, P. (2011). Liquidity of Czech commercial banks and its determinants. International Journal Of Mathematical Models And Methods In Applied Sciences, 6(5), 1060- 1067.