References
- Ahmed, M. (2008). Comparative Perspectives on Initial Primary Teacher Education and Training in England and Pakistan University of Hull Centre for Educational Studies University of Hull
- Darling-Hammond, L. (2010). Steady work: How Finland is building a strong teaching and learning system. Voices in Urban Education, 24, 15-25.
- Eurydice (2018). National education systems: Finland. Retrieved from https:// eacea.ec.europa.eu/nationalpolicies/eurydice/content/population- demographic-situation-languages-and-religions-25_en
- EDUFI (2018). Finnish National Agency for Education. Retrieved from https:// www.oph.fi/english
- Finnish National Agency for Education. (2014b). National core curriculum for pre-primary education 2014. Helsinki, Finland: Finnish National Agency for Education.
- Furlong, J., Cochran-Smith, M. & Brennan, M. (eds.), 2009, Policy and politics in teacher education: International perspectives, Routledge, London.
- Galton, M., & Moon, B. (1994). Handbook of teacher training in Europe. Issues and trends. London: David Fulton Publishers
- Gould, S., & Weller, C. (2016, January 15). The 20 countries where teachers are paid the best and the worst. Business Insider. Retrieved from www.businessinsider .com/teacher- salaries-by-country-2016-1
- Government of Pakistan. (2018). Pakistan - National Education Policy Framework November 2018.
- Kivi, A. (2005). Seven brothers [Seitsemän veljestä, R. Impola, Trans.]. Beaverton, ON: Aspasia Books. (Original work published 1870)
- Kumpulainen, T. (Ed.). (2017). Opettajat ja rehtorit Suomessa 2016: Lärare och rektorer i Finland 2016. Helsinki, Finland: National Agency for Education.
- Lincoln, Y. S. and Guba, E. G. (1985), ‗Naturalistic Inquiry‟. London: Sage Publication Ltd. Ministry of Education and Culture (MoEC). 2016b. Administration in Education. (Accessed 2 November 2018. http://minedu.fi/OPM/Koulutus/koulutusjaerjestelmae/koulutuksen_hallinto_ja_paeae toeksenteko/?lang=en
- Murray, F. (1996). The teacher educator's handbook: building a knowledge base for the preparation of teachers. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Publishers
- Nauman, A. D. (2018). Could It Ever Happen Here? Reflections on Finnish Education and Culture, 10(1).
- Niemi, H. (2016). Teacher Professional Development in Finland: Towards a More Holistic Approach, (December). https://doi.org/10.25115/psye.v7i3.519
- Niemi, H. (2005): Future Challenges for Education and Learning outcomes. Wingspan, e-volume 1, no 1, summer 2005.
- OECD (2016). PISA 2015 Results (Volume I): Excellence and Equity in Education. Paris: OECD Publishing.
- OECD (2018), Teaching for the Future: Effective Classroom Practices to Transform Education, OECD Publishing, Paris, https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264293243-en.
- Pollari, P., Salo, O., & Koski, K. (n.d.). In Teachers We Trust - the Finnish Way to Teach and Learn the Finnish Way to Teach and Learn, 10(1).
- Sahlberg, P. (2010). Educational change in Finland. In A. Hargreaves, A. Lieberman,
- M. Fullan, & D. Hopkins (Eds.), Second international handbook of educational change 323-348. New York, NY: Springer.Salhberg, 2010. Rethinking accountability in a knowledge society. Journal of Educational Change. 11(1): 45-61.
- Building, F. O. R. (2016). Some factors behind Finnish educational success.
- Darling-Hammond, L. (2006). Constructing 21st-century teacher education. Journal of Teacher Education, 57(3), 300-314. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022487105285962
- Kere, J. (2011). : Lessons from Finland. Annual Review of Genomics and Human Genetics, 2(1), 103-128. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.genom.2.1.103
- Nauman, A. D. (n.d.). Could It Ever Happen Here ? Reflections on Finnish Education and Culture. 10(1).
- Niemi, H. (2016). Teacher Professional Development in Finland : Towards a More Holistic Approach. December. https://doi.org/10.25115/psye.v7i3.519
- Pollari, P., Salo, O., & Koski, K. (2018). In Teachers We Trust - the Finnish Way to Teach and Learn The Finnish Way to Teach and Learn. 10(1).
- Sahlberg, P. (2007). Education policies for raising student learning : the Finnish approach. 22(2), 147-171. https://doi.org/10.1080/02680930601158919
- Sahlberg, P. (2009). A short history of educational reform in Finland. White Paper, April, 1-33. http://www.oxydiane.net/IMG/pdf/Finland-Sahlberg.pdf
- Sahlberg, P. (2010). The secret to Finland's success: Educating teachers. Stanford Centre for Opportunity Policy in Education- Research Brief. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13398-014-0173-7.2
- Sahlberg, P. (2015). Finnish lessons 2.0: What can the world learn from educational change in Finland? New York, NY: Teachers College Press.
- Guyton, E. (Eds.). Handbook of research on teacher education: a project of the association of teacher educators (2 Nd ed.). 3-14. New York: Macmillan.
- Shulman, L. S. (1987), Knowledge and Teaching: Foundations of the new reform. In: Harvard Educational Review, Vol. 57 (1).
- Sikula, J., Buttery, T., Guyton, E. (Eds.). (1996). Handbook of research on teacher education: a project of the association of teacher educators (2nd ed.). New York: Macmillan.
- Simola, H. 2005. The Finnish miracle of PISA: Historical and sociological remarks on teaching and teacher education. Comparative Education. 41(4) 455-470
- Välijärvi, J. 2013. Finnish school system - coherence, flexibility and individual support in curriculum and pedagogical practices. In L. Garzik, & J. Gadner (Eds.), Österreich 2050: FIT für die Zukunft 60-70. Wien: Holzhausen.
- Välijärvi, J. 2015. Finnish school assessment practices challenge leadership. Presentation at the 12th Convention of the International Confederation of Principals, 3-6 August 2015, Helsinki, Finland. (Powerpoint presentation)
- Ahmed, M. (2008). Comparative Perspectives on Initial Primary Teacher Education and Training in England and Pakistan University of Hull Centre for Educational Studies University of Hull
- Darling-Hammond, L. (2010). Steady work: How Finland is building a strong teaching and learning system. Voices in Urban Education, 24, 15-25.
- Eurydice (2018). National education systems: Finland. Retrieved from https:// eacea.ec.europa.eu/nationalpolicies/eurydice/content/population- demographic-situation-languages-and-religions-25_en
- EDUFI (2018). Finnish National Agency for Education. Retrieved from https:// www.oph.fi/english
- Finnish National Agency for Education. (2014b). National core curriculum for pre-primary education 2014. Helsinki, Finland: Finnish National Agency for Education.
- Furlong, J., Cochran-Smith, M. & Brennan, M. (eds.), 2009, Policy and politics in teacher education: International perspectives, Routledge, London.
- Galton, M., & Moon, B. (1994). Handbook of teacher training in Europe. Issues and trends. London: David Fulton Publishers
- Gould, S., & Weller, C. (2016, January 15). The 20 countries where teachers are paid the best and the worst. Business Insider. Retrieved from www.businessinsider .com/teacher- salaries-by-country-2016-1
- Government of Pakistan. (2018). Pakistan - National Education Policy Framework November 2018.
- Kivi, A. (2005). Seven brothers [Seitsemän veljestä, R. Impola, Trans.]. Beaverton, ON: Aspasia Books. (Original work published 1870)
- Kumpulainen, T. (Ed.). (2017). Opettajat ja rehtorit Suomessa 2016: Lärare och rektorer i Finland 2016. Helsinki, Finland: National Agency for Education.
- Lincoln, Y. S. and Guba, E. G. (1985), ‗Naturalistic Inquiry‟. London: Sage Publication Ltd. Ministry of Education and Culture (MoEC). 2016b. Administration in Education. (Accessed 2 November 2018. http://minedu.fi/OPM/Koulutus/koulutusjaerjestelmae/koulutuksen_hallinto_ja_paeae toeksenteko/?lang=en
- Murray, F. (1996). The teacher educator's handbook: building a knowledge base for the preparation of teachers. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Publishers
- Nauman, A. D. (2018). Could It Ever Happen Here? Reflections on Finnish Education and Culture, 10(1).
- Niemi, H. (2016). Teacher Professional Development in Finland: Towards a More Holistic Approach, (December). https://doi.org/10.25115/psye.v7i3.519
- Niemi, H. (2005): Future Challenges for Education and Learning outcomes. Wingspan, e-volume 1, no 1, summer 2005.
- OECD (2016). PISA 2015 Results (Volume I): Excellence and Equity in Education. Paris: OECD Publishing.
- OECD (2018), Teaching for the Future: Effective Classroom Practices to Transform Education, OECD Publishing, Paris, https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264293243-en.
- Pollari, P., Salo, O., & Koski, K. (n.d.). In Teachers We Trust - the Finnish Way to Teach and Learn the Finnish Way to Teach and Learn, 10(1).
- Sahlberg, P. (2010). Educational change in Finland. In A. Hargreaves, A. Lieberman,
- M. Fullan, & D. Hopkins (Eds.), Second international handbook of educational change 323-348. New York, NY: Springer.Salhberg, 2010. Rethinking accountability in a knowledge society. Journal of Educational Change. 11(1): 45-61.
- Building, F. O. R. (2016). Some factors behind Finnish educational success.
- Darling-Hammond, L. (2006). Constructing 21st-century teacher education. Journal of Teacher Education, 57(3), 300-314. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022487105285962
- Kere, J. (2011). : Lessons from Finland. Annual Review of Genomics and Human Genetics, 2(1), 103-128. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.genom.2.1.103
- Nauman, A. D. (n.d.). Could It Ever Happen Here ? Reflections on Finnish Education and Culture. 10(1).
- Niemi, H. (2016). Teacher Professional Development in Finland : Towards a More Holistic Approach. December. https://doi.org/10.25115/psye.v7i3.519
- Pollari, P., Salo, O., & Koski, K. (2018). In Teachers We Trust - the Finnish Way to Teach and Learn The Finnish Way to Teach and Learn. 10(1).
- Sahlberg, P. (2007). Education policies for raising student learning : the Finnish approach. 22(2), 147-171. https://doi.org/10.1080/02680930601158919
- Sahlberg, P. (2009). A short history of educational reform in Finland. White Paper, April, 1-33. http://www.oxydiane.net/IMG/pdf/Finland-Sahlberg.pdf
- Sahlberg, P. (2010). The secret to Finland's success: Educating teachers. Stanford Centre for Opportunity Policy in Education- Research Brief. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13398-014-0173-7.2
- Sahlberg, P. (2015). Finnish lessons 2.0: What can the world learn from educational change in Finland? New York, NY: Teachers College Press.
- Guyton, E. (Eds.). Handbook of research on teacher education: a project of the association of teacher educators (2 Nd ed.). 3-14. New York: Macmillan.
- Shulman, L. S. (1987), Knowledge and Teaching: Foundations of the new reform. In: Harvard Educational Review, Vol. 57 (1).
- Sikula, J., Buttery, T., Guyton, E. (Eds.). (1996). Handbook of research on teacher education: a project of the association of teacher educators (2nd ed.). New York: Macmillan.
- Simola, H. 2005. The Finnish miracle of PISA: Historical and sociological remarks on teaching and teacher education. Comparative Education. 41(4) 455-470
- Välijärvi, J. 2013. Finnish school system - coherence, flexibility and individual support in curriculum and pedagogical practices. In L. Garzik, & J. Gadner (Eds.), Österreich 2050: FIT für die Zukunft 60-70. Wien: Holzhausen.
- Välijärvi, J. 2015. Finnish school assessment practices challenge leadership. Presentation at the 12th Convention of the International Confederation of Principals, 3-6 August 2015, Helsinki, Finland. (Powerpoint presentation)
Cite this article
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APA : Altaf, S., Shehzad, A., & Akhtar, A. S. (2020). Finnish Education System and its Triumph in Pisa: Lessons to Learn for Pakistan. Global Regional Review, V(I), 479-487. https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2020(V-I).51
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CHICAGO : Altaf, Sobia, Abid Shehzad, and Aneela Sana Akhtar. 2020. "Finnish Education System and its Triumph in Pisa: Lessons to Learn for Pakistan." Global Regional Review, V (I): 479-487 doi: 10.31703/grr.2020(V-I).51
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HARVARD : ALTAF, S., SHEHZAD, A. & AKHTAR, A. S. 2020. Finnish Education System and its Triumph in Pisa: Lessons to Learn for Pakistan. Global Regional Review, V, 479-487.
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MHRA : Altaf, Sobia, Abid Shehzad, and Aneela Sana Akhtar. 2020. "Finnish Education System and its Triumph in Pisa: Lessons to Learn for Pakistan." Global Regional Review, V: 479-487
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MLA : Altaf, Sobia, Abid Shehzad, and Aneela Sana Akhtar. "Finnish Education System and its Triumph in Pisa: Lessons to Learn for Pakistan." Global Regional Review, V.I (2020): 479-487 Print.
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OXFORD : Altaf, Sobia, Shehzad, Abid, and Akhtar, Aneela Sana (2020), "Finnish Education System and its Triumph in Pisa: Lessons to Learn for Pakistan", Global Regional Review, V (I), 479-487
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TURABIAN : Altaf, Sobia, Abid Shehzad, and Aneela Sana Akhtar. "Finnish Education System and its Triumph in Pisa: Lessons to Learn for Pakistan." Global Regional Review V, no. I (2020): 479-487. https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2020(V-I).51