ENHANCING INCLUSIVE EDUCATION IN PAKISTAN THROUGH ELEARNING A REVIEW OF CURRENT PRACTICES CHALLENGES AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2024(IX-I).05      10.31703/grr.2024(IX-I).05      Published : Mar 1
Authored by : Yaar Muhammad , YasiraWaqar , FaisalAnis

05 Pages : 53-63

References

  • AEPAM. (2018). Pakistan education statistics 2016-17. Ministry of Federal Education and Professional Training, Government of Pakistan.
  • Ainscow, M., Booth, T., & Dyson, A. (2006). Improving schools, developing inclusion. Routledge.
  • Ainscow, M., Slee, R., & Best, M. (2019a). Inclusion and equity in education: Making sense of global challenges. Prospects, 49(3), 123-134. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11125-020-09506-w
  • Ainscow, M., Slee, R., & Best, M. (2019b). The Salamanca statement: 25 years on. 23(7-8), 671- 676.
  • Ali, F., Ahmad, M., & Sultan, A. (2023). Effect of E-Learn Punjab Application on Conceptual Development of Students. Journal of Education and Social Studies, 4(3), 750–756. https://doi.org/10.52223/jess.2023.4335
  • Ally, M., & Prieto-Blázquez, J. (2014). The future of e- learning in medical education: current trend and future opportunities. Medical Journal of Malaysia, 69(Suppl A), 33-40. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25239854/
  • Berners-Lee, T. (2000). Weaving the Web: The original design and ultimate destiny of the World Wide Web by its inventor. Harper Collins.
  • Booth, T., & Ainscow, M. (2011). Index for inclusion: developing learning and participation in schools. Centre for Studies on Inclusive Education (CSIE).
  • Bozkurt, A. (2019). Intellectual roots of distance education: a progressive knowledge domain analysis. Distance Education, 40(4), 497-514. https://doi.org/10.1080/01587919.2019.1681894
  • ozkurt, A. (2020). Resilience, adaptability, and sustainability of higher education: A systematic mapping study on the impact of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic and the transition to the new normal. Journal of Learning for Development, 7(3), 321-346. https://jl4d.org/index.php/ejl4d/article/view/537
  • Burgstahler, S. (2015). Opening doors or slamming them shut? Online learning practices and students with disabilities. Social Inclusion, 3(6), 69-79. https://doi.org/10.17645/si.v3i6.420
  • CAST. (2018, 2018). Universal design for learning guidelines version 2.2. http://udlguidelines.cast.org/
  • Cheung, S. K. S., Wang, F. L., Kwok, L. F., & Poulová, P. (2023). Personalized learning: Approaches, methods and practices. Taylor & Francis
  • Croot, E. J., Grant, G., Cooper, C. L., & Mathers, N. (2008). Perceptions of the causes of childhood disability among Pakistani families living in the UK. Health & Social Care in the Community, 16(6), 606- 613. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2524.2008.00784.x
  • Dabbagh, N., & Kitsantas, A. (2012). Personal learning environments, social media, and self-regulated learning: A natural formula for connecting formal and informal learning. The Internet and Higher Education, 15(1), 3-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iheduc.2011.06.002
  • Daniela, L. (2023). Inclusive digital education. Springer International Publishing.
  • David, M., & Dean, S. (2020). Inclusive education (3rd ed.). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429401923-5
  • Government of Pakistan. (2017). National Education Policy 2017-2025. Ministry of Federal Education and Professional Training, Islamabad.
  • Harasim, L. (2017). Learning theory and online technologies. Routledge.
  • Hodkinson, A., & Vickerman, P. (2016). Inclusion: defining definitions. In Z. Brown (Ed.), Inclusive Education: Perspectives on pedagogy, policy and practice (pp. 7-13). Routledge.
  • Khalid, M. S., Akhter, M., & Hashmi, A. (2015). The impact of technology on education. International Journal of Computer Science and Mobile Computing, 4(9), 490-495. https://www.academia.edu/download/38409160/impact_of_technology_on_education.pdf
  • Kowalski, R. M., Giumetti, G. W., Schroeder, A. N., & Reese, H. H. (2018). Cyberbullying in schools: A research study on school policies and procedures. Routledge.
  • Liyanagunawardena, T. R., Adams, A. A., & Williams, S. A. (2013). MOOCs: A systematic study of the published literature 2008-2012. The International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning, 14(3), 202-227. https://doi.org/10.19173/irrodl.v14i3.1455
  • Means, B., Toyama, Y., Murphy, R., Bakia, M., & Jones, K. (2009). Evaluation of Evidence-Based Practices in Online Learning: A Meta-analysis and Review of Online Learning Studies. US Department of Education. https://www2.ed.gov/rschstat/eval/tech/evidence-based-practices/finalreport.pdf
  • Meyer, A., Rose, D. H., & Gordon, D. (2014). Universal design for learning: theory and practice. CAST Professional Publishing.
  • Nayazi, N., Khalid, P., & Perveen, M. (2023). Challenges and opportunities in the use of ICTs in the education sector of Pakistan. Life Science Journal, 20(1).
  • Palvia, S., Aeron, P., Gupta, P., Mahapatra, D., Parida, R., Rosner, R., & Sindhi, S. (2018). Online education: Worldwide status, challenges, trends, and implications. Journal of Global Information Technology Management, 21(4), 233-241. https://doi.org/10.1080/1097198X.2018.1542262
  • Prerna, B. (2023). Inclusive education: A step towards development of right based society. Journal of Learning and Educational Policy(32), 37-43. https://doi.org/10.55529/jlep.32.37.43
  • Qayyum, A., Lasi, S. Z., & Rafique, G. (2013). Perceptions of primary caregivers of children with disabilities in two communities from Sindh and Balochistan, Pakistan. Disability, CBR & Inclusive Development, 24(1), 130-142. http://dx.doi.org/10.5463/dcid.v24i1.193
  • Qureshi, I. A., Ilyas, K., Yasmin, R., & Whitty, M. (2012). Challenges of implementing e-learning in a Pakistani university. Knowledge Management & E- Learning: An International Journal, 4(3), 310-324. https://doi.org/10.34105/j.kmel.2012.04.025
  • Rieser, R. (2012). Implementing inclusive education: a commonwealth guide to implementing article 24 of the UN Convention on the rights of persons with disabilities. https://doi.org/10.14217/9781848591271-en
  • Rouse, M., & Florian, L. (2012). Inclusive practice in English secondary schools: lessons learned. Cambridge Journal of Education, 42(3), 371-386. https://doi.org/10.1080/03057640120086648
  • Rutkiene, A., Kaminskiene, L., Alisauskiene, S., Milteniene, L., Kazlauskiene, A., Siriakoviene, A., Guðjónsdóttir, H., Kristinsdóttir, J. V., & Wozniczka, A. K. (2021). Tools for personalized learning-based teacher education. SOCIETY. INTEGRATION. EDUCATION. Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference, 1, 537-548. https://doi.org/10.17770/sie2021vol1.6348
  • Sharma, R. C., & Bozkurt, A. (2024). Transforming education with generative AI: Prompt engineering and synthetic content creation: Prompt engineering and synthetic content creation. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3693-1351-0
  • Sharma, U., Sood, V., & Kaur, J. (2013). Pakistani teachers' attitudes towards inclusion of students with special educational needs. International Journal of Inclusive Education, 17(9), 1003-1016.
  • Siu Cheung Kong, Tak-Wai Chan, Patrick Griffin, Ulrich Hoppe, Ronghuai Huang, Kinshuk, Chee Kit Looi, Marcelo Milrad, Cathleen Norris, Miguel Nussbaum, Mike Sharples, Wing Mui Winnie So, Elliot Soloway, & Shengquan Yu. (2014). E-learning in School Education in the Coming 10 Years for Developing 21st Century Skills: Critical Research Issues and Policy Implications. Journal of Educational Technology & Society, 17(1), 70–78. http://www.jstor.org/stable/jeductechsoci.17.1.70
  • Smith, G. E., & Throne, S. (2007). Differentiating instruction with technology in K-5 classrooms. International Society for Technology in Education
  • Tariq, B., Dilawar, M., & Muhammad, Y. (2019). Innovative teaching and technology integration: Exploring elderly teachers’ attitudes. International Journal of Distance Education and E-Learning, 5(1), 1-16. http://dx.doi.org/10.36261/ijdeel.v5i1.789 http://dx.doi.org/10.36261/ijdeel.v5i1.789
  • Tikadar S., & Bhattacharya, S. "Predicting Students' Involvement in Blended Learning Environment," 2019 IEEE 19th International Conference on Advanced Learning Technologies (ICALT), Maceio, Brazil, 2019, pp. 76-78, https://doi.org/10.1109/ICALT.2019.00026
  • UNESCO. (2017). A guide for ensuring inclusion and equity in education. United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization.
  • Web Desk. (2019). Pakistan listed 110 out of 141 countries on Global Competitiveness Index. The News International. https://www.thenews.com.pk/latest/538840-pakistan-ranked-110-among-141-countries-on-global-competitiveness-index
  • Yousafzai, A. K., Farrukh, Z., & Khan, K. (2011). A source of strength and empowerment? An exploration of the influence of disabled children on the lives of their mothers in Karachi, Pakistan. Disability and Rehabilitation, 33(12), 989-998. https://doi.org/10.3109/09638288.2010.520811

References

  • AEPAM. (2018). Pakistan education statistics 2016-17. Ministry of Federal Education and Professional Training, Government of Pakistan.
  • Ainscow, M., Booth, T., & Dyson, A. (2006). Improving schools, developing inclusion. Routledge.
  • Ainscow, M., Slee, R., & Best, M. (2019a). Inclusion and equity in education: Making sense of global challenges. Prospects, 49(3), 123-134. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11125-020-09506-w
  • Ainscow, M., Slee, R., & Best, M. (2019b). The Salamanca statement: 25 years on. 23(7-8), 671- 676.
  • Ali, F., Ahmad, M., & Sultan, A. (2023). Effect of E-Learn Punjab Application on Conceptual Development of Students. Journal of Education and Social Studies, 4(3), 750–756. https://doi.org/10.52223/jess.2023.4335
  • Ally, M., & Prieto-Blázquez, J. (2014). The future of e- learning in medical education: current trend and future opportunities. Medical Journal of Malaysia, 69(Suppl A), 33-40. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25239854/
  • Berners-Lee, T. (2000). Weaving the Web: The original design and ultimate destiny of the World Wide Web by its inventor. Harper Collins.
  • Booth, T., & Ainscow, M. (2011). Index for inclusion: developing learning and participation in schools. Centre for Studies on Inclusive Education (CSIE).
  • Bozkurt, A. (2019). Intellectual roots of distance education: a progressive knowledge domain analysis. Distance Education, 40(4), 497-514. https://doi.org/10.1080/01587919.2019.1681894
  • ozkurt, A. (2020). Resilience, adaptability, and sustainability of higher education: A systematic mapping study on the impact of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic and the transition to the new normal. Journal of Learning for Development, 7(3), 321-346. https://jl4d.org/index.php/ejl4d/article/view/537
  • Burgstahler, S. (2015). Opening doors or slamming them shut? Online learning practices and students with disabilities. Social Inclusion, 3(6), 69-79. https://doi.org/10.17645/si.v3i6.420
  • CAST. (2018, 2018). Universal design for learning guidelines version 2.2. http://udlguidelines.cast.org/
  • Cheung, S. K. S., Wang, F. L., Kwok, L. F., & Poulová, P. (2023). Personalized learning: Approaches, methods and practices. Taylor & Francis
  • Croot, E. J., Grant, G., Cooper, C. L., & Mathers, N. (2008). Perceptions of the causes of childhood disability among Pakistani families living in the UK. Health & Social Care in the Community, 16(6), 606- 613. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2524.2008.00784.x
  • Dabbagh, N., & Kitsantas, A. (2012). Personal learning environments, social media, and self-regulated learning: A natural formula for connecting formal and informal learning. The Internet and Higher Education, 15(1), 3-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iheduc.2011.06.002
  • Daniela, L. (2023). Inclusive digital education. Springer International Publishing.
  • David, M., & Dean, S. (2020). Inclusive education (3rd ed.). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429401923-5
  • Government of Pakistan. (2017). National Education Policy 2017-2025. Ministry of Federal Education and Professional Training, Islamabad.
  • Harasim, L. (2017). Learning theory and online technologies. Routledge.
  • Hodkinson, A., & Vickerman, P. (2016). Inclusion: defining definitions. In Z. Brown (Ed.), Inclusive Education: Perspectives on pedagogy, policy and practice (pp. 7-13). Routledge.
  • Khalid, M. S., Akhter, M., & Hashmi, A. (2015). The impact of technology on education. International Journal of Computer Science and Mobile Computing, 4(9), 490-495. https://www.academia.edu/download/38409160/impact_of_technology_on_education.pdf
  • Kowalski, R. M., Giumetti, G. W., Schroeder, A. N., & Reese, H. H. (2018). Cyberbullying in schools: A research study on school policies and procedures. Routledge.
  • Liyanagunawardena, T. R., Adams, A. A., & Williams, S. A. (2013). MOOCs: A systematic study of the published literature 2008-2012. The International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning, 14(3), 202-227. https://doi.org/10.19173/irrodl.v14i3.1455
  • Means, B., Toyama, Y., Murphy, R., Bakia, M., & Jones, K. (2009). Evaluation of Evidence-Based Practices in Online Learning: A Meta-analysis and Review of Online Learning Studies. US Department of Education. https://www2.ed.gov/rschstat/eval/tech/evidence-based-practices/finalreport.pdf
  • Meyer, A., Rose, D. H., & Gordon, D. (2014). Universal design for learning: theory and practice. CAST Professional Publishing.
  • Nayazi, N., Khalid, P., & Perveen, M. (2023). Challenges and opportunities in the use of ICTs in the education sector of Pakistan. Life Science Journal, 20(1).
  • Palvia, S., Aeron, P., Gupta, P., Mahapatra, D., Parida, R., Rosner, R., & Sindhi, S. (2018). Online education: Worldwide status, challenges, trends, and implications. Journal of Global Information Technology Management, 21(4), 233-241. https://doi.org/10.1080/1097198X.2018.1542262
  • Prerna, B. (2023). Inclusive education: A step towards development of right based society. Journal of Learning and Educational Policy(32), 37-43. https://doi.org/10.55529/jlep.32.37.43
  • Qayyum, A., Lasi, S. Z., & Rafique, G. (2013). Perceptions of primary caregivers of children with disabilities in two communities from Sindh and Balochistan, Pakistan. Disability, CBR & Inclusive Development, 24(1), 130-142. http://dx.doi.org/10.5463/dcid.v24i1.193
  • Qureshi, I. A., Ilyas, K., Yasmin, R., & Whitty, M. (2012). Challenges of implementing e-learning in a Pakistani university. Knowledge Management & E- Learning: An International Journal, 4(3), 310-324. https://doi.org/10.34105/j.kmel.2012.04.025
  • Rieser, R. (2012). Implementing inclusive education: a commonwealth guide to implementing article 24 of the UN Convention on the rights of persons with disabilities. https://doi.org/10.14217/9781848591271-en
  • Rouse, M., & Florian, L. (2012). Inclusive practice in English secondary schools: lessons learned. Cambridge Journal of Education, 42(3), 371-386. https://doi.org/10.1080/03057640120086648
  • Rutkiene, A., Kaminskiene, L., Alisauskiene, S., Milteniene, L., Kazlauskiene, A., Siriakoviene, A., Guðjónsdóttir, H., Kristinsdóttir, J. V., & Wozniczka, A. K. (2021). Tools for personalized learning-based teacher education. SOCIETY. INTEGRATION. EDUCATION. Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference, 1, 537-548. https://doi.org/10.17770/sie2021vol1.6348
  • Sharma, R. C., & Bozkurt, A. (2024). Transforming education with generative AI: Prompt engineering and synthetic content creation: Prompt engineering and synthetic content creation. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3693-1351-0
  • Sharma, U., Sood, V., & Kaur, J. (2013). Pakistani teachers' attitudes towards inclusion of students with special educational needs. International Journal of Inclusive Education, 17(9), 1003-1016.
  • Siu Cheung Kong, Tak-Wai Chan, Patrick Griffin, Ulrich Hoppe, Ronghuai Huang, Kinshuk, Chee Kit Looi, Marcelo Milrad, Cathleen Norris, Miguel Nussbaum, Mike Sharples, Wing Mui Winnie So, Elliot Soloway, & Shengquan Yu. (2014). E-learning in School Education in the Coming 10 Years for Developing 21st Century Skills: Critical Research Issues and Policy Implications. Journal of Educational Technology & Society, 17(1), 70–78. http://www.jstor.org/stable/jeductechsoci.17.1.70
  • Smith, G. E., & Throne, S. (2007). Differentiating instruction with technology in K-5 classrooms. International Society for Technology in Education
  • Tariq, B., Dilawar, M., & Muhammad, Y. (2019). Innovative teaching and technology integration: Exploring elderly teachers’ attitudes. International Journal of Distance Education and E-Learning, 5(1), 1-16. http://dx.doi.org/10.36261/ijdeel.v5i1.789 http://dx.doi.org/10.36261/ijdeel.v5i1.789
  • Tikadar S., & Bhattacharya, S. "Predicting Students' Involvement in Blended Learning Environment," 2019 IEEE 19th International Conference on Advanced Learning Technologies (ICALT), Maceio, Brazil, 2019, pp. 76-78, https://doi.org/10.1109/ICALT.2019.00026
  • UNESCO. (2017). A guide for ensuring inclusion and equity in education. United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization.
  • Web Desk. (2019). Pakistan listed 110 out of 141 countries on Global Competitiveness Index. The News International. https://www.thenews.com.pk/latest/538840-pakistan-ranked-110-among-141-countries-on-global-competitiveness-index
  • Yousafzai, A. K., Farrukh, Z., & Khan, K. (2011). A source of strength and empowerment? An exploration of the influence of disabled children on the lives of their mothers in Karachi, Pakistan. Disability and Rehabilitation, 33(12), 989-998. https://doi.org/10.3109/09638288.2010.520811

Cite this article

APA

    APA : Muhammad, Y., Waqar, Y., & Anis, F. (2024). Enhancing Inclusive Education in Pakistan through E-Learning: A Review of Current Practices, Challenges, and Future Directions. Global Regional Review, IX(I), 53-63. https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2024(IX-I).05

CHICAGO

    CHICAGO : Muhammad, Yaar, Yasira Waqar, and Faisal Anis. 2024. "Enhancing Inclusive Education in Pakistan through E-Learning: A Review of Current Practices, Challenges, and Future Directions." Global Regional Review, IX (I): 53-63 doi: 10.31703/grr.2024(IX-I).05

HARVARD

    HARVARD : MUHAMMAD, Y., WAQAR, Y. & ANIS, F. 2024. Enhancing Inclusive Education in Pakistan through E-Learning: A Review of Current Practices, Challenges, and Future Directions. Global Regional Review, IX, 53-63.

MHRA

    MHRA : Muhammad, Yaar, Yasira Waqar, and Faisal Anis. 2024. "Enhancing Inclusive Education in Pakistan through E-Learning: A Review of Current Practices, Challenges, and Future Directions." Global Regional Review, IX: 53-63

MLA

    MLA : Muhammad, Yaar, Yasira Waqar, and Faisal Anis. "Enhancing Inclusive Education in Pakistan through E-Learning: A Review of Current Practices, Challenges, and Future Directions." Global Regional Review, IX.I (2024): 53-63 Print.

OXFORD

    OXFORD : Muhammad, Yaar, Waqar, Yasira, and Anis, Faisal (2024), "Enhancing Inclusive Education in Pakistan through E-Learning: A Review of Current Practices, Challenges, and Future Directions", Global Regional Review, IX (I), 53-63

TURABIAN

    TURABIAN : Muhammad, Yaar, Yasira Waqar, and Faisal Anis. "Enhancing Inclusive Education in Pakistan through E-Learning: A Review of Current Practices, Challenges, and Future Directions." Global Regional Review IX, no. I (2024): 53-63. https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2024(IX-I).05