Abstract

Understudy, research problem was the comparison of cultured and uncultured parents towards woman education. The study was noteworthy because it helps us in deciding the arrogances of the parent towards a girl’s education. This research guides us to make efforts for the promotion of the girl’s education. A randomly selected sample of fifty fathers and fifty mothers from rural and urban areas of District Dera Ismail Khan, out of these fifty fathers and mothers twenty-five were cultured, and twenty-five were uncultured. As a research instrument, 5-Likert type scale was used to collect the relevant data, and for the purpose of analysis, t-statistics was used.

Key Words

Cultured and Uncultured Parents, Woman, Education, Rural, Urban.

Introduction

Due to individual differences, each individual is unique and unlike from others. We lived in a crowded country of the world in which one hundred and twenty million people out of which about fifty percent are woman, but we often observe that the achievement in our society is low. Anyone can observe that the ratio of education is only nineteen percent. So, in this reason, the researcher was interested in finding out the attitude of parents about the education of their female children. The literacy rate of developed countries is much better than in developing countries. If we can check the literacy rate of Pakistan, which is from 38 to 40% and it is very low.

The convolution of the current era has changed the entire decoration of human life. No country can make progress without education and educated parents. Scientific and technical knowledge is necessary for the individual and as well as for the country. So, in this respect, we can say that a powerful and honest network of educational institutions is needed. Without this, we can say that we cannot meet the desired condition of education and progress. 

Worldwide there are so many factors for discrimination against women. Females do not enjoy educational opportunities as well as healthy life facilities in our societies. We can say that everywhere in Pakistan the woman has fewer opportunities for education. Consider the existing situation; lots of females are illiteracy which is very discouraging. So, in this perspective, we can say that education plays a fundamental role in the enhancement of society. Keeping in view that above scenario, we can say that cultured parents have cultured female, and uncultured parents have uncultured female.

In Pakistan, the educational participation rate at primary level for a woman in 2018-19 was 59.8%. The educational participation of rural girls was 38%, and boys were 67%. The enrollment ratio of the woman at the secondary level is nineteen percent and at the university level. So, we can say that for better justifies superior arrangements to be made from primary to higher level, in rode to boost the educational contribution rate of a woman in education. Such type of results must indorse the growth of co-education in any society. 

In this ear if we observe then we conclude that some countries solve the maximum problem of woman education but still, there are some educational problems are lying for the solution; however where there are some institutes of co-education there may be negative attitudes of parents, so if we make a struggle for the solution of that type of negative attitude then we can say that we will solve the educational problems of women and insert these women the machinery of society—keeping in view the existing scenario the researcher has investigated the attitude of parents towards the education of girls.

The main purpose of the study was to explore the paternal attitude towards the daughter’s education. These areas are not provided with the educational facilities, especially in the field of woman education. The main thing to discover is that what kind of attitude parents have towards the education of girls, what are the reasons of their positive or negative attitude and what can be the ways and means which can help us in changing the negative attitude into a positive attitude so that education of girls can be promoted in District Dera Ismail Khan.

In this study, the researcher has tried to determine the attitude of cultured and uncultured parents towards woman’s education in District Dera Ismail Khan

 

Problem Statement 

Under investigation, the research study was “Attitudes of Cultured and Uncultured Parents towards Woman Education; a Comparative Study”.




Research Objectives

Under investigation objectives of the research were:

1) To find out the extent of attitudes of cultured parents and uncultured parents towards woman education in D.I. Khan.

2) To find out the significant difference between the attitudes of cultured and uncultured fathers who are resident of District D.I. Khan.

3) To find out the significant difference between the attitudes of cultured in uncultured mothers who are residents of District D.I. Khan.

4) To suggest some ways and mean to improve the environment of education in District D.I. Khan.

    

Research Significance

The research may be a pivotal role in the girl’s education. This research may be supportive in defining the parent attitudes towards girl’s education. Also, this study may be fruitful for the researchers to promote and strengthen the quality of education, especially for women. 




Research Hypotheses 

H01: Significant difference between attitudes of cultured and uncultured fathers towards the education of their daughters.

H02: No significant difference between attitudes of cultured and uncultured mothers regarding the education of their daughters.

Research Methodology

Research Population

All the parents residing in District Dera Ismail Khan comprised the population of the study.




Sample

To investigate the cultured and uncultured parents, a representative sample of fifty fathers and fifty mothers was selected randomly from rural and urban areas of District D.I.Khan. Out of these fifty fathers, twenty were illiterate, and twenty were cultured. Similar was the case of a woman.




Instrument

For collecting data, a 5-point Likert type attitude scale was developed, validated and check the reliability and used in this research work. The positive and negative type research items were included and mixed up to check the attitude of parents, after developing the attitude scale sent to the respondent for completion. In the case of cultured and uncultured parents, the researcher read each and every statement before the parents for the true picture of their attitude.

 

Administration of Instrument

For the response of the stakeholders, the valid and reliable scale was directed, so as to find out the clear picture of the respondents. The researcher used an interview technique for collecting the data from uncultured parents.

Measurement Analysis

Table 1. The items of the research instrument were scored as below

Symbol	Scoring key	+ve	-ve
A	Strongly agree	5	1
B	Agree	4	2
C	Undecided	3	3
D	Disagree	2	4
E	Strongly disagree	1	5

For data analysis purpose and comparison mean and t-test was used as a statistical technique.

 

Presentation and Analysis of Data

The data was presented in the form of tables. For analysis, statements are given under each table along with relevant interpretation.

 

Table 2.  Showing Means Attitude Scores and Standard Deviation Along-With T- Value of Cultured Male Urban Parents and Cultured Woman Urban Parents

Variable	N	Mean	Standard Deviation	t-value	P-value
Cultured Urban Males	25	4.20	.23	-1.72	.21
Cultured Urban Woman	25	4.50	.20

 

The above table shows that the mean attitude scores of cultured male urban and cultured woman urban are 4.20, 4.50, and the standard deviation is 0.23 and 0.20, respectively. The t-value of -1.72 is less than the table value, so H₀ is retained. It means that there is no significant difference between the attitude of cultured male urban and cultured woman urban toward the education of their daughters.

 

Table 3. Showing Means Attitude Scores and Standard Deviation Along-With T- Value of Cultured Male Rural Parents and Cultured Woman Rural Parents

Variable	N	Mean	Standard Deviation	t-value	P-value
Cultured Rural Males	25	3.80	.82	2.98	.41
Cultured Rural Woman	25	4.30	.45

 

The above table shows that the mean attitude scores of cultured male rural and cultured women rural are 3.80, 4.30, and the standard deviation is 0.82 and 0.45, respectively. The t-value of 2.98 is greater than the table value, so H₀ is rejected. It means that there is a significant difference between the attitude of cultured male rural and cultured woman rural toward the education of their daughters.

 

Table 4.  Showing Means Attitude Scores and Standard Deviation Along-With T- Value of Un-Cultured Male Urban Parents and Un-Cultured Woman Urban Parents

Variable	N	Mean	Standard Deviation	t-value	P-value
Un-Cultured Urban Males	25	3.00	1.12	2.38	.01
Un-Cultured Urban Woman	25	3.50	0.90

 

The above table shows that the mean attitude scores of un-cultured male urban and un-cultured woman urban are 3.00, 3.50, and the standard deviation is 1.12 and 0.90, respectively. The t-value of 2.38 is greater than the table value, so H₀ is rejected. It means that there is a significant difference between the attitude of un-cultured male urban and uncultured woman urban toward the education of their daughters.

 

Table 5.  Showing Means Attitude Scores and Standard Deviation Along-With T- Value of Un-Cultured Male Rural Parents and Un-Cultured Woman Rural Parents

Variable	N	Mean	Standard Deviation	t-value	P-value
Un-Cultured Rural Males	25	2.50	0.70	-1.25	.41
Un-Cultured Rural Woman	25	2.75	0.42

 

The above table shows that the mean attitude scores of un-cultured male rural and un-cultured woman rural are 2.50, 2.75, and the standard deviation is 0.70 and 0.40, respectively. The t-value of -1.25 is less than the table value, so H₀ is retained. It means that there is no significant difference between the attitude of un-cultured male rural and uncultured woman rural toward the education of their daughters.

 

Table 6.  Showing Means Attitude Scores and Standard Deviation Along-With T- Value of all Cultured & Un-Cultured Male & Woman Parents

Variable	N	Mean	Standard Deviation	t-value	P-value
Cultured Urban Males & Woman	50	4.35	.22	-1.40	.19
Cultured Rural Males & Woman	50	4.50	.64
Un-Cultured Urban Males & Woman	50	3.25	1.05	0.24	.21
Un-Cultured Rural Males & Woman	50	2.12	0.57

 

The above table shows that the mean attitude scores of all cultured male & woman parents are 4.35, 4.50, and the standard deviation is 0.22 and 0.64, respectively. The t-value of -1.40 is less than the table value, so H₀ is retained. It means that there is no significant difference between the attitude of cultured males & woman parents toward the education of their daughters. Similarly, the mean attitude scores of all un-cultured male & woman parents are 3.25, 2.21, and the standard deviation is 1.05 and 0.57, respectively. The t-value of 0.24 is greater than the table value, so H₀ is rejected. It means that there is a significant difference between the attitude of un-cultured males & woman parents toward the education of their daughters.

Research Findings

Following were the main findings of the study.

• No significant difference was found between the attitude of cultured male urban and cultured woman urban toward the education of their daughters. (table-4.1)

• There was a significant difference between the attitude of cultured male rural and cultured woman rural toward the education of their daughters. (table-4.2)

• A significant difference was found between the attitude of un-cultured male urban and uncultured woman urban toward the education of their daughters. (table-4.3)

• No significant difference was found between the attitude of un-cultured male rural and uncultured woman rural toward the education of their daughters. (table-4.4)

• There was no significant difference between the attitude of cultured males & woman parents toward the education of their daughters. (table-4.5) 

• A significant difference was found between the attitude of un-cultured males & woman parents toward the education of their daughters. (table-4.5)

• The significant difference is there among the means score of the cultured and uncultured respondent. The means scores of cultured parents are 4.35 & 4.50, whereas un-cultured parents have means scores of 3.25 & 2.12 respectively.

Research study Conclusion

Following conclusions were made:

• Male and female (urban) cultured parents had positive attitudes, and the extent of their attitudes was nearly the same.

• Male and female (rural) cultured parents had positive attitudes, and the extent of their attitudes was nearly the different. Keeping in view the scores the woman had had more positive attitudes than males.

• Male and female (urban) uncultured parents had positive attitudes, and the extent of their attitudes was nearly the different. Keeping in view the scores the woman had had more positive attitudes than males.

• Male and female (rural) uncultured parents had moderate attitudes, and the extent of their attitudes was nearly the same.

• Male and female all uncultured parents had positive attitudes, and the extent of their attitudes was nearly the same.

• Male and female all uncultured parents had positive attitudes and extent of their attitudes was nearly the different. Keeping in view the scores the urban respondents had had more positive attitudes than rural.

• Keeping in view, all uncultured and cultured parents had changed in their attitudes. Cultured respondents had more positive attitudes than un-cultured respondents. 

Research Recommendations

Following were the recommendations made in the light of findings and conclusions: 

• To improve the quality of uncultured parent’s adult education may be started to improve the school and society.

• The male and female cultured parents may guide to convincing the female and male uncultured parents for the education of the girls. 

• With the help of Islamic values, the male and female cultured parents may guide of convincing the female and male uncultured parents for the education of the girls. 

• On the doorstep to girl’s facilities of education may be provided so that they can easily get an education. 

• Since in this ear, the television is placed in each and every house so media can play a very vital role in promoting female education.

• Teachers of each and every area can play a vital role in female education.

• For the improvement and for the better quality the education for girls may be made cheaper and cheaper so that a poor male and female can get an education. 

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