COLLATERAL DAMAGE AND RADICALIZATION PROCESS A CASE OF AMERICAN DRONE STRIKES POLICY IN FATA PAKISTAN

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-II).51      10.31703/grr.2019(IV-II).51      Published : Jun 2
Authored by : Ayaz Ali Shah , Tila Mohammad , MuhammadSaleem

51 Pages : 478-488

References

  • Adams, L. (2010, September 19). Inside the mind of the Times Square bomber. Retrieved from https://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/sep/19/times-square-bomber
  • Ahmed, A. (2013). The thistle and the drone: how America's war on terror became a global war on tribal Islam.Brookings Institution Press.
  • AmnestyInternational. (2013). http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/ASA33/013/2013/en/041c08cb-fb54-47b3-b3fe-a72c9169e487/asa330132013en.pdfpapers3://publication/uuid/9011F831-7F48-4212-80F2-11202D56B828
  • Bartlett, J., Birdwell, J., & King, M. (2010). The Edge Of Violence A Radical Approach To Extremism. London: Demos. Retrieved from https://www.demos.co.uk/files/Edge_of_Violence_-_web.pdf
  • Benson, K. (2014). http://www.lexisnexis.com.libweb.lib.utsa.edu/lnacui2api/api/version1/getDocCui?lni=5BJG-01Y0-00CV-J0M1
  • Becker, J., & Shane, S. (2012, May 29). Secret http://www.nytimes.com/2012/05/29/world/obamas-leadership-in-war-on-al-qaeda.htmlhttp://www.nytimes.com/2012/05/29/world/obamas-leadership-in-war-on-al-qaeda.html
  • Bergen, P. (2013). Drone Wars The Constitutional and Counterterrorism Implications of Targeted Killing. Retrieved from https://static.newamerica.org/attachments/1530-testimony-drone-wars/Bergen_DroneWars_Testimony_4-23-2013.pdf
  • Bergen, P., & Doherty, P. C. (2010). Public Opinion in Pakistan's Tribal Regions. Retrieved from http://www.terrorfreetomorrow.org/upimagestft/FATApoll1.pdf
  • Borum, R. (2011). Radicalization into Violent Extremism I: A Review of Social Science Theories Radicalization into Violent Extremism I: A Review of Social Science. Journal of Strategic Security, 4(4), 7-36
  • Christmann, K. (2012). Preventing Religious Radicalisation and Violent Extremism
  • Costanza, W. A. (2015). Adjusting Our Gaze: An Alternative Approach to Understanding Youth Radicalization Adjusting Our Gaze: An Alternative Approach to Understanding. Journal of Strategic Security, 8(1), 1-15
  • Crenshaw, M. (2008). The Causes of Terrorism. Comparative Politics, 13(4), 379-399
  • Engelhardt, T. (2008, April 10). Catch 2,200_ Nine Propositions on the U.S.Air War for Terror. Truthout. Retrieved from http://www.truth-out.org/archive/item/77179-tom-engelhardt--catch-2200-nine-propositions-on-the-us-air-war-for-terror
  • Exum, D. K., & Mcdonald, A. (2009, May 16). Death From Above, Outrage Down Below. The New York Times. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com/2009/05/17/opinion/17exum.html
  • Ferguson, N., & Binks, E. (2015). Understanding Radicalization and Engagement in Terrorism through Religious Conversion Motifs. Journal of Strategic Security, 8(1), 16-26
  • Feyyaz, M. (2017). Religion , ethnicity , social organizations and terrorists' behavior a case of Taliban movement in Pakistan. Behav Sciences of Terrorism and Political Aggreioral ssion, 4472(July
  • Friedersdorf, C. (2016, March). The Obama Administration's Drone-Strike Dissembling. The Atlantic. Retrieved from https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2016/03/the-obama-administrations-drone-strike-dissembling/473541/
  • Gentzkow, M. A., & Shapiro, J. M. (2004). Media, Education and Anti-Americanism in the Muslim World. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 18(3), 103-124
  • Gill, P. (2014). The Impact of Drone Attacks on Terrorism: The Case of Pakistan. New Ways of War: Is Remote Control Warfare Effective?, (June), 28-36. Retrieved from http://oxfordresearchgroup.org.uk/sites/default/files/Remote Control Digest.pdf
  • Gopal, A. (2017, October 9). The Surge That Failed_ Afghanistan under the Bombs. RAWA News.Hansen, H. F. (2005). Choosing Evaluation Models. Evaluation, 11(4), 447-462.
  • IHRCRC. (2012). Living Under Drones Death, Injury, And Trauma To Civilians From Us Drone Practices In Pakistan. Stanford Law School And Nyu School Of Law.
  • Jones, S. G. (2017). The Terrorist Threat from Pakistan.Survival Global Politics and Strategy, 6338(July)
  • Judson, J. (2013). An examination of the collateral psychological and political damage of drone warfare in the FATA region of Pakistan.NAVAL POSTGRADUATE. Naval Postgraduate School
  • Kaltenthaler, K., Miller, W., & Fair, C. (2012). The Drone War: Pakistani Public Attitudes toward American Drone Strikes in Pakistan. Midwest Political Science Association Meetings, 1-25. Retrieved from https://www.uakron.edu/dotAsset/4823799c-34eb-4b4f-992e-ac4a2261e0c4.pdf
  • Kruglanski, A. W., Gelfand, M. J., Bélanger, J. J., Sheveland, A., Hetiarachchi, M., & Gunaratna, R. (2014). The Psychology of Radicalization and Deradicalization: How Significance Quest Impacts Violent Extremism. Advances in Political Psychology, 35, 69-93.
  • Landinfo. (2011). Report Afghanistan: Blood feuds , traditional law ( pashtunwali ) and traditional conflict resolution. Oslo
  • Lindner, E. G. (2007). In Times of Globalization and Human Rights: Does Humiliation Become the Most Disruptive Force? Journal of Human Dignity and Humiliation Studies, (March).
  • Malini, D. S. (2017). Radicalisation Process Of The Terrorist. Journal of International Academy of Forensic Science & Pathology (JIAFP),5(1)
  • Mandel, D. R. (2017). Radicalization: What does it mean? In T. M. Pick, A. Speckhard, & B. Jacuch (Eds.), Homegrownterrorism: Understanding and addressing the root causes of radicalisation among groups with an immigrant heritage in Europe. IOS Press
  • Mayer, J. (2009, October). The Predator War. Retrieved from http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2009/10/26/the-predator-war
  • Mccauley, C., & Moskalenko, S. (2008). Mechanisms of Political Radicalization: Pathways Toward Terrorism. Terrorism and Political Violence, 19, 415-433
  • Mccauley, C., & Moskalenko, S. (2017). Understanding Political Radicalization: The Two-Pyramids Model. American Psychologist, 72(3), 205-216
  • Mccullough, M. E., Kurzban, R., & Tabak, B. A. (2012). Cognitive systems for revenge and forgiveness. BEHAVIORAL AND BRAIN SCIENCES, 1-58
  • Meggle, G. (2005). Collateral Damage. Retrieved from http://www.sozphil.uni-leipzig.de/cm/philosophie/files/2013/01/collateral-damage.pdf
  • Minhas, Z., & Qadir, A. (2014). THE US WAR ON TERROR AND THE DRONE ATTACKS IN. Pakistan Annual Research Journal, 50, 15-2
  • Moghadam, A. (2006). The Roots of Terrorism. New York: Chelsea House
  • ews, B. (2011, March 18). Pakistan_ Calls for revenge after U.S.drones kill 40. BBC News. Retrieved from http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-south-asia-12784675
  • Nick Meo. (2009, May 30). Taliban recruits teenage suicide bombers for revenge attacks -. The Telegraph. Retrieved from http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/pakistan/5413052/Taliban-recruits-teenage-suicide-bombers-for-revenge-attacks.html
  • Open Society Foundations. (2014). After the Dead Are Counted: U.S.and Pakistani Responsibilities to Victims of Drone Strikes. Retrieved from https://www.opensocietyfoundations.org/sites/default/files/after-dead-are-counted-20141120.pdf
  • Pascoe, D. (2015). Is Diya A Form Of Clemency? Boston University International Law Journal, 34, 149-180
  • Peel, J., Godden, L., & Keenan, R. (2012). Melbourne Legal Studies Research Paper, 1(573)
  • Schmid, A. P. (2013). Counter-Radicalisation: A Conceptual Discussion and Literature Review. The Hague.Retrieved from www.icct.nl
  • Shukla, A. (2015). The Pashtun Tribal Identity and Codes: THAAP Journal 2015: Culture, Art & Architecture of the Marginalized & the Poor, 45-6
  • Sluka, J. A. (2013). Death from above: UAVs and Losing Hearts and Minds. MILITARY REVIEW, (April).
  • Stephen, G. J., & Leonard, W. (2005). Visit our website for other free publication downloads http://www.strategicstudiesinstitute.army.mil/ To rate this publication click here.Forbes
  • Torres, W. J., & Bergner, R. M. (2010). Humiliation: Its Nature and Consequences. The Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law, 38(2), 195-204
  • Vedung, E. (2000). EVERT. In Public Policy and Program Evaluation. New Brunswick, N.J: Transaction Publishers
  • Veldhuis, T., & Staun, J. (2009). Islamist Radicalisation: A Root Cause Model. The Hague: Netherlands Institute of International Relations Clingendael. Retrieved from https://www.diis.dk/files/media/publications/import/islamist_radicalisation.veldhuis_and_staun.pdf
  • Walsh, J. I. (2013). The Effectiveness Of Drone Strikes In Counterinsurgency And Counterterrorism Campaigns. Carlisle
  • Widmark, A. (2010). (2) Experiences of Revenge as Reflected in the Contemporary Pashto Short Story _ Anders Widmark -Academia. inter-disciplinary.net. Retrieved from https://www.academia.edu/3154061/Experiences_of_Revenge_as_Reflected_in_the_Contemporary_Pashto_Short_S
  • Wilner, A., & Dubouloz, C.-J. (2009). HomegrownTerrorism and Transformative Learning: An Interdisciplinary Approach to Understanding Radicalization. In Canadian Political Science Association Conference(pp. 1-26). Retrieved from https://www.cpsa-acsp.ca/papers-2009/Wilner-Dubouloz.pdf
  • ROHDE, D. (2015, April 28). Warren Weinstein and the Need to End Signature Drone Strikes -The Atlantic. The Atlantic
  • Zenko, M. (2013). Reforming US Drone Strike Policies. Council on Foreign Relations Special Report, (65), 1-53. Retrieved from http://i.cfr.org/content/publications/attachments/Drones_CSR65.pdf
  • Siddique, Q. (2013). The United States' Drone Program in Pakistan: An Analysis of the Efficacy and the Pakistani Government's Complicity. Centre For International and Strategic Analysis
  • Shah, A. (2016, May 17). Drone Blowback in Pakistan is a Myth . Here's Why. The Washington Post, pp. 17-20. Retrieved from
  • Shah, A. (2016, May 17). DroneShah, A. (2016, May 17). Drone Blowback in Pakistan is a Myth . Here's Why. The Washington Post, pp. 17-20. Retrieved from
  • Hari, J. (2010, October 15). Obama's Escalating Robot War in Pakistan Is Making a Terror Attack More Likely. The Huffington Post. Retrieved from
  • Hari, J. (2010, October 15). Obama's Escalating Robot War in Pakistan Is Making a Terror Attack More Likely. The Huffington Post. Retrieved from
  • Adams, L. (2010, September 19). Inside the mind of the Times Square bomber. Retrieved from https://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/sep/19/times-square-bomber
  • Ahmed, A. (2013). The thistle and the drone: how America's war on terror became a global war on tribal Islam.Brookings Institution Press.
  • AmnestyInternational. (2013). http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/ASA33/013/2013/en/041c08cb-fb54-47b3-b3fe-a72c9169e487/asa330132013en.pdfpapers3://publication/uuid/9011F831-7F48-4212-80F2-11202D56B828
  • Bartlett, J., Birdwell, J., & King, M. (2010). The Edge Of Violence A Radical Approach To Extremism. London: Demos. Retrieved from https://www.demos.co.uk/files/Edge_of_Violence_-_web.pdf
  • Benson, K. (2014). http://www.lexisnexis.com.libweb.lib.utsa.edu/lnacui2api/api/version1/getDocCui?lni=5BJG-01Y0-00CV-J0M1
  • Becker, J., & Shane, S. (2012, May 29). Secret http://www.nytimes.com/2012/05/29/world/obamas-leadership-in-war-on-al-qaeda.htmlhttp://www.nytimes.com/2012/05/29/world/obamas-leadership-in-war-on-al-qaeda.html
  • Bergen, P. (2013). Drone Wars The Constitutional and Counterterrorism Implications of Targeted Killing. Retrieved from https://static.newamerica.org/attachments/1530-testimony-drone-wars/Bergen_DroneWars_Testimony_4-23-2013.pdf
  • Bergen, P., & Doherty, P. C. (2010). Public Opinion in Pakistan's Tribal Regions. Retrieved from http://www.terrorfreetomorrow.org/upimagestft/FATApoll1.pdf
  • Borum, R. (2011). Radicalization into Violent Extremism I: A Review of Social Science Theories Radicalization into Violent Extremism I: A Review of Social Science. Journal of Strategic Security, 4(4), 7-36
  • Christmann, K. (2012). Preventing Religious Radicalisation and Violent Extremism
  • Costanza, W. A. (2015). Adjusting Our Gaze: An Alternative Approach to Understanding Youth Radicalization Adjusting Our Gaze: An Alternative Approach to Understanding. Journal of Strategic Security, 8(1), 1-15
  • Crenshaw, M. (2008). The Causes of Terrorism. Comparative Politics, 13(4), 379-399
  • Engelhardt, T. (2008, April 10). Catch 2,200_ Nine Propositions on the U.S.Air War for Terror. Truthout. Retrieved from http://www.truth-out.org/archive/item/77179-tom-engelhardt--catch-2200-nine-propositions-on-the-us-air-war-for-terror
  • Exum, D. K., & Mcdonald, A. (2009, May 16). Death From Above, Outrage Down Below. The New York Times. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com/2009/05/17/opinion/17exum.html
  • Ferguson, N., & Binks, E. (2015). Understanding Radicalization and Engagement in Terrorism through Religious Conversion Motifs. Journal of Strategic Security, 8(1), 16-26
  • Feyyaz, M. (2017). Religion , ethnicity , social organizations and terrorists' behavior a case of Taliban movement in Pakistan. Behav Sciences of Terrorism and Political Aggreioral ssion, 4472(July
  • Friedersdorf, C. (2016, March). The Obama Administration's Drone-Strike Dissembling. The Atlantic. Retrieved from https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2016/03/the-obama-administrations-drone-strike-dissembling/473541/
  • Gentzkow, M. A., & Shapiro, J. M. (2004). Media, Education and Anti-Americanism in the Muslim World. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 18(3), 103-124
  • Gill, P. (2014). The Impact of Drone Attacks on Terrorism: The Case of Pakistan. New Ways of War: Is Remote Control Warfare Effective?, (June), 28-36. Retrieved from http://oxfordresearchgroup.org.uk/sites/default/files/Remote Control Digest.pdf
  • Gopal, A. (2017, October 9). The Surge That Failed_ Afghanistan under the Bombs. RAWA News.Hansen, H. F. (2005). Choosing Evaluation Models. Evaluation, 11(4), 447-462.
  • IHRCRC. (2012). Living Under Drones Death, Injury, And Trauma To Civilians From Us Drone Practices In Pakistan. Stanford Law School And Nyu School Of Law.
  • Jones, S. G. (2017). The Terrorist Threat from Pakistan.Survival Global Politics and Strategy, 6338(July)
  • Judson, J. (2013). An examination of the collateral psychological and political damage of drone warfare in the FATA region of Pakistan.NAVAL POSTGRADUATE. Naval Postgraduate School
  • Kaltenthaler, K., Miller, W., & Fair, C. (2012). The Drone War: Pakistani Public Attitudes toward American Drone Strikes in Pakistan. Midwest Political Science Association Meetings, 1-25. Retrieved from https://www.uakron.edu/dotAsset/4823799c-34eb-4b4f-992e-ac4a2261e0c4.pdf
  • Kruglanski, A. W., Gelfand, M. J., Bélanger, J. J., Sheveland, A., Hetiarachchi, M., & Gunaratna, R. (2014). The Psychology of Radicalization and Deradicalization: How Significance Quest Impacts Violent Extremism. Advances in Political Psychology, 35, 69-93.
  • Landinfo. (2011). Report Afghanistan: Blood feuds , traditional law ( pashtunwali ) and traditional conflict resolution. Oslo
  • Lindner, E. G. (2007). In Times of Globalization and Human Rights: Does Humiliation Become the Most Disruptive Force? Journal of Human Dignity and Humiliation Studies, (March).
  • Malini, D. S. (2017). Radicalisation Process Of The Terrorist. Journal of International Academy of Forensic Science & Pathology (JIAFP),5(1)
  • Mandel, D. R. (2017). Radicalization: What does it mean? In T. M. Pick, A. Speckhard, & B. Jacuch (Eds.), Homegrownterrorism: Understanding and addressing the root causes of radicalisation among groups with an immigrant heritage in Europe. IOS Press
  • Mayer, J. (2009, October). The Predator War. Retrieved from http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2009/10/26/the-predator-war
  • Mccauley, C., & Moskalenko, S. (2008). Mechanisms of Political Radicalization: Pathways Toward Terrorism. Terrorism and Political Violence, 19, 415-433
  • Mccauley, C., & Moskalenko, S. (2017). Understanding Political Radicalization: The Two-Pyramids Model. American Psychologist, 72(3), 205-216
  • Mccullough, M. E., Kurzban, R., & Tabak, B. A. (2012). Cognitive systems for revenge and forgiveness. BEHAVIORAL AND BRAIN SCIENCES, 1-58
  • Meggle, G. (2005). Collateral Damage. Retrieved from http://www.sozphil.uni-leipzig.de/cm/philosophie/files/2013/01/collateral-damage.pdf
  • Minhas, Z., & Qadir, A. (2014). THE US WAR ON TERROR AND THE DRONE ATTACKS IN. Pakistan Annual Research Journal, 50, 15-2
  • Moghadam, A. (2006). The Roots of Terrorism. New York: Chelsea House
  • ews, B. (2011, March 18). Pakistan_ Calls for revenge after U.S.drones kill 40. BBC News. Retrieved from http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-south-asia-12784675
  • Nick Meo. (2009, May 30). Taliban recruits teenage suicide bombers for revenge attacks -. The Telegraph. Retrieved from http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/pakistan/5413052/Taliban-recruits-teenage-suicide-bombers-for-revenge-attacks.html
  • Open Society Foundations. (2014). After the Dead Are Counted: U.S.and Pakistani Responsibilities to Victims of Drone Strikes. Retrieved from https://www.opensocietyfoundations.org/sites/default/files/after-dead-are-counted-20141120.pdf
  • Pascoe, D. (2015). Is Diya A Form Of Clemency? Boston University International Law Journal, 34, 149-180
  • Peel, J., Godden, L., & Keenan, R. (2012). Melbourne Legal Studies Research Paper, 1(573)
  • Schmid, A. P. (2013). Counter-Radicalisation: A Conceptual Discussion and Literature Review. The Hague.Retrieved from www.icct.nl
  • Shukla, A. (2015). The Pashtun Tribal Identity and Codes: THAAP Journal 2015: Culture, Art & Architecture of the Marginalized & the Poor, 45-6
  • Sluka, J. A. (2013). Death from above: UAVs and Losing Hearts and Minds. MILITARY REVIEW, (April).
  • Stephen, G. J., & Leonard, W. (2005). Visit our website for other free publication downloads http://www.strategicstudiesinstitute.army.mil/ To rate this publication click here.Forbes
  • Torres, W. J., & Bergner, R. M. (2010). Humiliation: Its Nature and Consequences. The Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law, 38(2), 195-204
  • Vedung, E. (2000). EVERT. In Public Policy and Program Evaluation. New Brunswick, N.J: Transaction Publishers
  • Veldhuis, T., & Staun, J. (2009). Islamist Radicalisation: A Root Cause Model. The Hague: Netherlands Institute of International Relations Clingendael. Retrieved from https://www.diis.dk/files/media/publications/import/islamist_radicalisation.veldhuis_and_staun.pdf
  • Walsh, J. I. (2013). The Effectiveness Of Drone Strikes In Counterinsurgency And Counterterrorism Campaigns. Carlisle
  • Widmark, A. (2010). (2) Experiences of Revenge as Reflected in the Contemporary Pashto Short Story _ Anders Widmark -Academia. inter-disciplinary.net. Retrieved from https://www.academia.edu/3154061/Experiences_of_Revenge_as_Reflected_in_the_Contemporary_Pashto_Short_S
  • Wilner, A., & Dubouloz, C.-J. (2009). HomegrownTerrorism and Transformative Learning: An Interdisciplinary Approach to Understanding Radicalization. In Canadian Political Science Association Conference(pp. 1-26). Retrieved from https://www.cpsa-acsp.ca/papers-2009/Wilner-Dubouloz.pdf
  • ROHDE, D. (2015, April 28). Warren Weinstein and the Need to End Signature Drone Strikes -The Atlantic. The Atlantic
  • Zenko, M. (2013). Reforming US Drone Strike Policies. Council on Foreign Relations Special Report, (65), 1-53. Retrieved from http://i.cfr.org/content/publications/attachments/Drones_CSR65.pdf
  • Siddique, Q. (2013). The United States' Drone Program in Pakistan: An Analysis of the Efficacy and the Pakistani Government's Complicity. Centre For International and Strategic Analysis
  • Shah, A. (2016, May 17). Drone Blowback in Pakistan is a Myth . Here's Why. The Washington Post, pp. 17-20. Retrieved from
  • Shah, A. (2016, May 17). DroneShah, A. (2016, May 17). Drone Blowback in Pakistan is a Myth . Here's Why. The Washington Post, pp. 17-20. Retrieved from
  • Hari, J. (2010, October 15). Obama's Escalating Robot War in Pakistan Is Making a Terror Attack More Likely. The Huffington Post. Retrieved from
  • Hari, J. (2010, October 15). Obama's Escalating Robot War in Pakistan Is Making a Terror Attack More Likely. The Huffington Post. Retrieved from

Cite this article

    APA : Shah, A. A., Mohammad, T., & Saleem, M. (2019). Collateral Damage and Radicalization Process: A Case of American Drone Strikes Policy in FATA, Pakistan. Global Regional Review, IV(II), 478-488. https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-II).51
    CHICAGO : Shah, Ayaz Ali, Tila Mohammad, and Muhammad Saleem. 2019. "Collateral Damage and Radicalization Process: A Case of American Drone Strikes Policy in FATA, Pakistan." Global Regional Review, IV (II): 478-488 doi: 10.31703/grr.2019(IV-II).51
    HARVARD : SHAH, A. A., MOHAMMAD, T. & SALEEM, M. 2019. Collateral Damage and Radicalization Process: A Case of American Drone Strikes Policy in FATA, Pakistan. Global Regional Review, IV, 478-488.
    MHRA : Shah, Ayaz Ali, Tila Mohammad, and Muhammad Saleem. 2019. "Collateral Damage and Radicalization Process: A Case of American Drone Strikes Policy in FATA, Pakistan." Global Regional Review, IV: 478-488
    MLA : Shah, Ayaz Ali, Tila Mohammad, and Muhammad Saleem. "Collateral Damage and Radicalization Process: A Case of American Drone Strikes Policy in FATA, Pakistan." Global Regional Review, IV.II (2019): 478-488 Print.
    OXFORD : Shah, Ayaz Ali, Mohammad, Tila, and Saleem, Muhammad (2019), "Collateral Damage and Radicalization Process: A Case of American Drone Strikes Policy in FATA, Pakistan", Global Regional Review, IV (II), 478-488
    TURABIAN : Shah, Ayaz Ali, Tila Mohammad, and Muhammad Saleem. "Collateral Damage and Radicalization Process: A Case of American Drone Strikes Policy in FATA, Pakistan." Global Regional Review IV, no. II (2019): 478-488. https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-II).51