ARTICLE

WOMEN OBJECTIFICATION AND GENDER ROLES DISCOURSE ANALYSIS OF BILLBOARD ADVERTISEMENTS IN PAKISTAN

11 Pages : 92 - 100

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2021(VI-III).11      10.31703/grr.2021(VI-III).11      Published : Sep 2021

Women Objectification and Gender Roles: Discourse Analysis of Billboard Advertisements in Pakistan

    Gender advertisement is the depiction of stereotypical gender roles presented in billboard advertisements. Advertisers frequently employ gendered presentations to emphasize women's sexual orientation in the advertisements. The present qualitative descriptive research tried to examine the multi-layered significance of billboards advertisements by extension, investigation and explication of intentions, motives and societal practices displayed in billboard advertisements. For this reason, the text of two (2) billboard advertisements were systematically examined employing Fair clough's Three-Dimensional Framework. These three aspects are description,interpretation, and explanation. The acquired findings demonstrated that both these billboards have underneath connotations regarding gender roles, feminine depiction, and patriarchal notions as significant aspects.

    Billboard Advertisements, Description, Interpretation, Explanation, Fairclough, Gender Exploitation, Feminine Depiction, Patriarchal Notions, 3-Dimensional Model
    (1) Rukhshanda Mushtaq
    Assistant Professor, Department of Education, University of Wah (UW), Wah Cantonment, Punjab, Pakistan.
    (2) Naveed Ahmad Taseer
    MPhil English, Department of English, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan. & MPhil Education, Institute of Education and Research, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
    (3) Shabir Ullah
    MPhil Scholar, Department of English, Qurtuba University of Science and Information Technology, D. I. Khan, KP, Pakistan.
  • Adorno, M. (2013). Gender and advertising: A content and semiotic analysis of women's health and men's health advertisements. GRIN Verlag.
  • Ahmed, F., Shafi, S., & Masood, M. H. (2021). Critical media discourse analysis of honour/Honor killings in Pakistan. Academia Letters. https://doi.org/10.20935/al1242
  • Ali, S. (2019). The gendered media: From structural and representational perspectives (1st ed.). LAMBERT Academic Publishing.
  • Ali, S., & Shahwar, D. (2011). Men, women and T.V. Ads: The representation of men and women in the advertisements of Pakistani electronic media. Journal of Media and Communication Studies, 3(4), 151-159. https://academicjournals.org/article/article13 80108492_Ali and Shahwar.pdf
  • Anusha, C. (2008). Portrayal of Woman in Print Media. Women Studies & Development Centre, Delhi University.
  • Armstrong, G. M., Adam, S., Denize, S. M., Volkov, M., & Kotler, P. (2018). Principles of Marketing. Pearson Education Australia.
  • Davidson, M. P. (2013). The consumerist manifesto: Advertising in postmodern times. Routledge.
  • Durmaz, D. Y. (2011). A Theoretical Approach to the Concept of Advertising in Marketing. The Interdisciplinary Journal of Education Research, 2(6), 46-50.
  • Fairclough, N. (1993). Discourse and social change. Polity.
  • Fairclough, N. (2013). Critical discourse analysis: The critical study of language. Routledge
  • Fatima, K., Ahmed, A., & Shafi, S. (2021, September 10). Marxism in Zakia Mashhadi's Death of an Insect. Global Social Sciences Review, 6(3), 28-37. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2021(VI- III).04
  • Fatima, K., Rahim, M. Y., & Musaddiq, K. (2021, September). Marginalization In Hussain's The Desolate City: A Postcolonial Critique. Global Language Review, 6(3), 24-35. https://doi.org/10.31703/glr.2021(VI-III).03
  • Fowler, R. (2013). Language in the News: Discourse and ideology in the press. Routledge.
  • Hassan, M., Shafi, S., & Masood, M. H. (2021). Literary discourse study: A critical media analysis amidst gender roles and society in Pakistan. International Journal of Pukhtunkhwa (Pukhtunkhwa Journal), 6(1), 64-84. https://pukhtunkhwajournal.org/journals/20 2 1/64-84.pdf
  • Hussain, Z., Arif, I. M. Q., & Saleem, N. (2021). Thematic discourse analysis of gender objectification in billboard advertisements of Pakistan. Global Language Review, 6(1), 222-232. https://doi.org/10.31703/glr.2021(vi-i).24
  • Islam, N. N. (2016). Billboard advertisements: A critical discourse analysis on corporate social responsibilities. Australian Journal of Law, Ethics and Governance, 2(2), 154-164.
  • Kilbourne, J. (1999). Deadly persuasion: Why women and girls must fight the addictive power of advertising. New York, Free Press Publishers.
  • Laham, M. (2020). Made up: How the beauty industry manipulates consumers, preys on women's insecurities, and promotes unattainable beauty standards. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.
  • Latif, A., & Abideen, Z. U. (2011). Effects of Television Advertising on Children: A Pakistani Perspective. European Journal of Economics, Finance and Administrative Sciences, (30), 38-49.
  • Masood, M. H., Shafi, S. C., Shah, A. A., Kamran, M., Yousaf, M., & Saleem, K. (2020b, September). Governance Reforms under the Justice and Development Party in Turkey as Model for Pakistan. Elementary Education Online, 9(3), 2701-2712. https://doi.org/10.17051/ilkonline.2020.03. 735429
  • Masood, M. H., Shafi, S., Sultana, R., & Firdous, M. (2021, May 16). Transformation Towards Emerging Online Teaching Methodologies from Traditional Classrooms During Covid-19 Pandemic in Pakistan [Conference session]. First All Pakistan Online Education Summit (APOES 2020) (p. 33), University of Management & Technology, Lahore, Pakistan. https://doi.org/10.17051/ilkonline.2020.03. 735429
  • Masood, M. H., & Shafi, S. (2020). Exploring Marxist perspective amidst exploitation and false consciousness in Hosain's the old man. International Journal of Applied Linguistics and English Literature, 9(3), 18. https://doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijalel.v.9n.3p.1 8
  • Masood, M. H., Shafi, S., & Darwesh, M. A. (2020). Study of Shakespearean themes and characters through corpus based Voyant Tools approach. National Conference on Education (NCE-2020).
  • Masood, M. H., Shafi, S., Rahim, M. Y., & Darwesh, M. A. (2020a). Interference of L1 (Urdu) in L2 (English) in Pakistan: Teaching English as a second language. International Journal of Applied Linguistics and English Literature, 9(5), 110. https://doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijalel.v.9n.5p.1 10
  • Matthes, J., Prieler, M., & Adam, K. (2016). Gender-role portrayals in television advertising across the globe. Sex Roles, 75(7-8), 314-327. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-016-0617-y
  • Mohammadi, A. H. (2011). Critical analysis of women's representation in TV advertisements from a cultural studies perspective. International Journal of Women's Research, 1, 107-122. https://ijwr.ut.ac.ir/article_21844_94403b28 336b2e81a74381a3edcee02c.pdf
  • Orth, U. R., & Holancova, D. (2004). Men's and women's responses to sex role portrayals in advertisements. International Journal of Research in Marketing, 21(1), 77-88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijresmar.2003.05. 003
  • Roohi, T., Masood, M. H., & Mushtaq, R. (2021, September). An Analysis of Equity in Secondary School Education: A Headteachers' Perspective. Global Educational Studies Review, 6(3), 29-40. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gesr.2021(VI- III).04
  • Ryans, C. (1996). Consumer Resources. Journal of Small Business Management, 34, 63-65.
  • Shafi, S. (2019). Portrayal of two emotions in TV Corpus: A corpus based study. In 5th International Multidisciplinary Research Conference (IMRC) (p. 24). Shaheed Benazir Bhutto Women University, Peshawar, Pakistan.
  • Shaikh, M., Bughio, F. A., & Kadri, S. A. (2015). The representation of men and women in advertisements: A critical discourse analysis. The Women - Annual Research Journal of Gender Studies, 7(7), 108-141. https://sujoold. usindh.edu.pk/index.php/THEWOMEN/ article/view/895
  • Siddiq, M., Arif, I. M. Q., Shafi, S. C., & Masood, M. H. (2021, June). A survey research analysis of effectiveness of vocabulary learning through English vocabulary corpus. International Journal of Education and Pedagogy, 3(2), 1-13. http://myjms.mohe.gov.my/index.php/ijeap /article/view/13763/7108
  • Taylor, C. R., & Franke, G. R. (2003). Business perceptions of the role of billboards in the U.S. economy. Journal of Advertising Research, 43(2), 150-161. https://doi.org/10.2501/jar-43-2- 150-161
  • Ullah, Z., Arif, I. M. Q., & Qaisar, R. (2020, February 12). Comparative analysis of productivity apps on time management: A survey-based study [Conference session]. National Conference on Education (NCE-2020) (p. 49), National University of Modern Languages (NUML), H-9 Islamabad, Pakistan.
  • Wang, Y. (2016). Sexual objectification of women in advertising. GRIN Verlag.
  • Zulu, M. (2019). The Impact of Billboard Advertising on Product Promotion. (A case study of Cavendish University Zambia) [Unpublished master's thesis]. Cavendish University Zambia.

Cite this article

    APA : Mushtaq, R., Taseer, N. A., & Ullah, S. (2021). Women Objectification and Gender Roles: Discourse Analysis of Billboard Advertisements in Pakistan. Global Regional Review, VI(III), 92 - 100. https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2021(VI-III).11
    CHICAGO : Mushtaq, Rukhshanda, Naveed Ahmad Taseer, and Shabir Ullah. 2021. "Women Objectification and Gender Roles: Discourse Analysis of Billboard Advertisements in Pakistan." Global Regional Review, VI (III): 92 - 100 doi: 10.31703/grr.2021(VI-III).11
    HARVARD : MUSHTAQ, R., TASEER, N. A. & ULLAH, S. 2021. Women Objectification and Gender Roles: Discourse Analysis of Billboard Advertisements in Pakistan. Global Regional Review, VI, 92 - 100.
    MHRA : Mushtaq, Rukhshanda, Naveed Ahmad Taseer, and Shabir Ullah. 2021. "Women Objectification and Gender Roles: Discourse Analysis of Billboard Advertisements in Pakistan." Global Regional Review, VI: 92 - 100
    MLA : Mushtaq, Rukhshanda, Naveed Ahmad Taseer, and Shabir Ullah. "Women Objectification and Gender Roles: Discourse Analysis of Billboard Advertisements in Pakistan." Global Regional Review, VI.III (2021): 92 - 100 Print.
    OXFORD : Mushtaq, Rukhshanda, Taseer, Naveed Ahmad, and Ullah, Shabir (2021), "Women Objectification and Gender Roles: Discourse Analysis of Billboard Advertisements in Pakistan", Global Regional Review, VI (III), 92 - 100
    TURABIAN : Mushtaq, Rukhshanda, Naveed Ahmad Taseer, and Shabir Ullah. "Women Objectification and Gender Roles: Discourse Analysis of Billboard Advertisements in Pakistan." Global Regional Review VI, no. III (2021): 92 - 100. https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2021(VI-III).11