Relationship between University Students' Emotional Intelligence and their Organizational Citizenship Behavior in Punjab
Youth enters universities to engage in reasonable occupations in the future. Different organizations demand employees who have high emotional intelligence (EI) as well as good organizational citizenship behavior (OCB). Universities struggle to nurture these skills among the students . The present study explored the association between students' EI and their OCB . The study was descriptive and 650 students from two universities of Punjab were selected as a sample through simple random sampling. A questionnaire-based on two self-reporting scales was developed as a survey instrument to measure students' EI and OCB . The collected data were examined employing descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation. Results demonstrated that university students possessed a high level of EI and OCB. Moreover, students' EI was directly correlated with their OCB. The study exhibits that expressions of emotions intelligently together with the expressions of OCB eventually enhance students' academic performance that is subsequently improving the performance of the universities.
-
Emotional Intelligence, Industrial Psychology, Organizational Citizenship Behavior, University Students
-
(1) Shahnaz Perveen
Assistant Professor, Department of Education, The Government Sadiq College Women University Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan
(2) Masood Ahmad
Assistant Professor, Department of Educational Training, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan.
(3) Saba Ashiq
M.Phil. Scholar, Department of Education, Government College University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan.
- Abu Rayyash, H., Safi, A., Emoor, O., & Sharif, S. (2006). Motivation and emotional intelligence. Amman: Dar Al-Fiker.
- Ali, U., & Waqar, S. (2013). Teachers' Organizational Citizenship Behavior Working Under Different Leadership Styles. Pakistan Journal of Psychological Research, 28(2), 297-316.
- Alumran, J. I. A., & Punamäki, R.-L. (2008). Relationship between gender, age, academic achievement, emotional intelligence, and coping styles in Bahraini adolescents. Individual Differences Research, 6(2), 104-119. https://www.scirp.org/(S(i43dyn45teexjx455 qlt3d2q))/reference/referencespapers.aspx?ref erenceid=1811453
- Antony, J. M. (2013). THE INFLUENCE OF EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE ON ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT AND ORGANIZATIONAL CITIZENSHIP BEHAVIOR. Journal of Social Science, 1(1), 5-8.
- Ashkanasy, N. M., & Daus, C. S. (2002). Emotion in the workplace: The new challenge for managers. Academy of Management Perspectives, 16(1), 76-86. https://doi.org/10.5465/ame.2002.6640191
- Barsade, S. G., & Gibson, D. E. (2007). Why Does Affect Matter in Organizations? Academy of Management Perspectives, 21(1), 36-59. https://doi.org/10.5465/amp.2007.2428616 3
- Brackett, M. A., & Katulak, N. A. (2006). Emotional intelligence in the classroom: Skill-based training for teachers and students. Applying Emotional Intelligence: A Practitioner's Guide, 1-27.
- Carmeli, A., & Josman, Z. E. (2006). The Relationship Among Emotional Intelligence, Task Performance, and Organizational Citizenship Behaviors. Human Performance, 19(4), 403-419. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327043hup1904 _5
- Chakraborty, M. (2009). Soft Skills: Essential for Shaping Well-Rounded Individuals. ICFAI Journal of Soft Skills, 3(2), 13-18. https://web.a.ebscohost.com/direct=true
- Chaudhry, A. A., & Usman, A. (2011). An investigation of the Relationship between employees' emotional intelligence and performance. African Journal of Business Management, 5(9), 3556-3562. https://doi.org/10.5897/AJBM10.1430
- Chin, S. T. S., Anantharaman, R. N., & Tong, D. Y. K. (2011). Emotional Intelligence and Organisational Citizenship Behaviour of Manufacturing Sector Employees: An Analysis. Management, 6(2), 107-125. https://www.fm- kp.si/zalozba/ISSN/1854-4231/6_107- 125.pdf
- Coleman, A. M. (2015). A Dictionary of Psychology (4th Ed). Oxford: Oxford University Press. DOI: 10.1093/acref/9780199657681.001.0001
- Cook, G. L., Bay, D., Visser, B. A., Myburgh, and J. E., & Njoroge, J. W. (2011). Emotional Intelligence: The Role of Accounting Education and Work Experience. Issues in Accounting Education, 26, 267-286.
- Dipaola, M. F., & Hoy, W. K. (2005). School Characteristics that Foster Organizational Citizenship Behavior. Journal of School Leadership, 15(4), 387-406. https://doi.org/10.1177/1052684605015004 02
- Dipaola, M., & Tschannen-Moran, M. (2001). Organizational Citizenship Behavior in Schools and Its Relationship to School Climate. Journal of School Leadership, 11(5), 424-447. https://doi.org/10.1177/1052684601011005 03
- Druskat, V. U., Mount, G., & Sala, F. (2005). Linking Emotional Intelligence and Performance at Work: Current Research Evidence with Individuals and Groups (1st ed.). New York: Psychology Press. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203763896
- Fagan, J. F., III. (2000). A theory of intelligence as processing: Implications for society. Psychology, Public Policy, and Law, 6(1), 168-179. https://doi.org/10.1037//1076- 8971.6.1.168
- Feldman, J. M. (2004). The Relationship among college freshmen's cognitive risk tolerance, academic hardiness, and emotional intelligence and their usefulness in predicting academic outcomes. (Vol. 64, Issues 7-A, p. 2381) [ProQuest Information & Learning]. https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2004-99001- 097
- Firjani, N. (1998). Future vision for education in the Arab world. Cairo: Arab League Education, Cultural and Scientific Organization.
- Fulmer, I. S., & Barry, B. (2004). THE SMART NEGOTIATOR: COGNITIVE ABILITY AND EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE IN NEGOTIATION. International Journal of Conflict Management, 15(3), 245-272. https://doi.org/10.1108/eb022914
- Geçkil, T., & Tikici, M. (2015). A study on developing the organizational democracy scale. Amme İdaresi Dergisi, 48(4), 41-78. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/29 1835361_A_Study_on_Developing_the_Orga nizational_Democracy_Scale
- Goleman, D. (1998). Working with Emotional Intelligence. New York: Bantam Books.
- Haider, A., & Nadeem, S. (2014). The Relationship Between Emotional Intelligence (EI) And Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB): The Moderating Role of Islamic Work Ethics (IWE). ASEAN Journal of Psychiatry, 16(1), 95- 105
- Han, H., & Johnson, S. D. (2012). Relationship between students' emotional intelligence, social bond, and interactions in online learning. Journal of Educational Technology & Society, 15(1), 78-89
- Hemmati, A., Rezapur, A., Hashemi, J., & Mohammadi, I. (2013). An investigation of the Relationship between organizational citizenship behavior and emotional intelligence in employees' Payam Noor University. European Journal of Experimental Biology, 3(5), 334-341. https://www.imedpub.com/articles/an- investigation-of-the-relationship-between- organizational-citizenship-behavior-and- emotional-intelligence-in-employeespayam- noor.pdf
- Holt, S. (2007). Emotional intelligence and academic achievement in higher education. (Vol. 68, Issues 3- A, p. 875) [ProQuest Information & Learning]. https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2007-99017- 522
- Humphrey, R. H. (2006). Promising research opportunities in emotions and coping with conflict. Journal of Management & Organization, 12(2), 179-186. https://doi.org/10.5172/jmo.2006.12.2.179
- Humphrey, R. H., Pollack, J. M., & Hawver, T. (2008). Leading with emotional labor. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 23(2), 151-168. https://doi.org/10.1108/0268394081085079 0
- Jabari, E., & Soleimannezhad, A. (2014). Relationship between Organizational citizenship behavior and emotional intelligence in the ministry of justice Employees in Urmia. http://www.euromed.uk.com/files/documen ts/B-66.pdf
- James, J. K., Velayudhan, A., & Gayatridevi, S. (2010). Organizational Citizenship Behaviour and Emotional Intelligence of Corporate Executives. Journal of the Indian Academy of Applied Psychology, 36(2), 262-267.
- Jan, S. U., & Anwar, M. A. (2019). Emotional Intelligence, Library Use and Academic Achievement of University Students. Journal of the Australian Library and Information Association, 68(1), 38-55. https://doi.org/10.1080/24750158.2019.157 2482
- Johnson, S. (2016). Emotional Focused Therapy: The Essentials of EFT in Action. Psychotherapy Networker Master Class with Rich Simon, James Coan, and Marlene Best. https://catalog.pesi.com/sales/bh_001147_su ejohnsoneft_organic-17193.
- Jones, G. (2008). The link between emotional intelligence and graduate qualities: Implications for accounting education.
- Joshi, S. V., Srivastava, K., & Raychaudhuri, A. (2012). A Descriptive Study of Emotional Intelligence and Academic Performance of MBBS Students. International Conference on Education & Educational Psychology (ICEEPSY 2012), 69, 2061-2067. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.12.16 5
- Jung, H. S., & Yoon, H. H. (2012). The effects of emotional intelligence on counterproductive work behaviors and organizational citizen behaviors among food and beverage employees in a deluxe hotel. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 31(2), 369-378. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2011.06.008
- Khalid, S. A., Jusoff, H. K., Othman, M., Ismail, M., & Rahman, N. A. (2010). Organizational citizenship behavior as a predictor of student academic achievement. International Journal of Economics and Finance, 2(1), 65.
- Khawaldeh, M. (2004). Emotional intelligence. Amman: Dar Al-Shorok.
- Korkmaz, T., & Arpacı, E. (2009). Relationship of organizational citizenship behavior with emotional intelligence. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 1(1), 2432-2435. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2009.01.42 8
- Low, G., & Nelson, D. (2006). Emotional Intelligence and college success: A research-based assessment and intervention. 39th Annual Conference of the College Reading and Learning Association and the 25th Annual Conference of College Academic Support Programs (18-21 October), Austin, Texas. http://www.tamuk.edu/edu/kwei000/Resea rch/Articles/Article_files/EI_and_College_Su ccess-2006_cederpaper.pdf
- Matthews, G., Zeidner, M., & Roberts, R. D. (2002). Emotional Intelligence: Science and Myth. Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press. https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/2704.001. 0001
- Mattingly, V., & Kraiger, K. (2019). Can emotional intelligence be trained? A meta-analytical investigation. Advancing Training for the 21st century, 29(2), 140-155. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrmr.2018.03.002
- May, M. (2008). Bridging the Gap-The gulf between idea and an actual product gets smaller due, in large part, to the assistance provided by many state-funded organizations or private firms. Scientist, 9, 28.
- Mayer, J. D., Salovey, P., & Caruso, D. R. (2008). Emotional intelligence: New ability or eclectic traits? American Psychologist, 63(6), 503-517. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003- 066X.63.6.503
- Mishra, P. (2012). A Study of the Effect of Emotional Intelligence on Academic Achievement of Jaipur Senior Secondary Students. International Journal of Educational Research and Technology, 3(4), 25- 28. http://www.soeagra.com/ijert/ijertdec2012/ 3.pdf
- Moghadami, M., Hamidizadeh, A., & Chavoshi, M. (2010). Effect of Emotional Intelligence Elements in Prediction of Organizational Citizenship Behavior. Two Monthly Journal of Police Human Development, 34, 89-120.
- Montes-Berges, B., & Augusto, J. M. (2007). Exploring the Relationship between perceived emotional intelligence, coping, social support, and mental health in nursing students. Journal of Psychiatric & Mental Health Nursing, 14(2), 163. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365- 2850.2007.01059.x
- Musleh, K., & Banat, B. (2006). Academic Problems Among Bethlehem University Students. Bethlehem University Journal, 25(1), 9-46. http://ssrn.com/abstract=1606185
- Nasir, M., & Masrur, R. (2010). An Exploration of Emotional Intelligence of the Students of IIUI in. Bulletin of Education and Research, 32(1), 37-51. http://pu.edu.pk/images/journal/ier/PDF- FILES/3-Revised_Article.pdf
- Ng, S. M., Ke, G. N., & Raymond, W. (2014). The mediating role of work locus of control on the Relationship among emotional intelligence, organisational citizenship behaviours, and mental health among nurses. Australian Journal of Psychology, 66(4), 207-215. https://doi.org/10.1111/ajpy.12049
- O'Boyle, E. H., Humphrey, R. H., Pollack, J. M., Hawver, T. H., & Story, P. A. (2011). The relation between emotional intelligence and job performance: A meta-analysis. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 32(5), 788-818. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.714
- Organ, D. W. (1988). Organizational Citizenship Behavior: The Good Soldier Syndrome. Washington, DC: Lexington Books. https://books.google.com.pk/books?id=DKq 3AAAAIAAJ
- Petrides, K. V., Frederickson, N., & Furnham, A. (2004). The role of trait emotional intelligence in academic performance and deviant behavior at school. Personality and Individual Differences, 36(2), 277-293. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0191- 8869(03)00084-9
- Podsakoff, N. P., Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., Maynes, T. D., & Spoelma, T. M. (2014). Consequences of unit-level organizational citizenship behaviors: A review and recommendations for future research: CONSEQUENCES OF UNIT-LEVEL OCB. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 35(S1), S87- S119. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.1911
- Pradhan, R. K., Jena, L. K., & Bhattacharya, P. (2016). Impact of psychological capital on organizational citizenship behavior: Moderating role of emotional intelligence. Cogent Business & Management, 3(1), 1194174. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2016.119 4174
- Radford, M. (2012). Emotional Intelligence as a Predictor of Nursing Student Success. Journal on Nursing, 2(3), 23-29. https://doi.org/10.26634/jnur.2.3.2010
- Ramachandran, Y., Jordan, P. J., Troth, A. C., & Lawrence, S. A. (2011). Emotional Intelligence, Emotional Labour and Organisational Citizenship Behaviour in service environments. International Journal of Work Organisation and Emotion, 4(2), 136. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJWOE.2011.04459 4
- Ramos-Sanchez, L., & Nichols, L. (2007). Self- efficacy of first-generation and non-first- generation college students: The Relationship with academic performance and college adjustment. Journal of College Counseling, 10(1), 6 . Gale Academic OneFile. https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/A162575829 /AONE?u=anon~4b9c5338
- Sabahi, A. H., & Dashti, N. S. (2016). The effect of emotional intelligence and job satisfaction on organizational citizenship behavior. Management Science Letters, 6(7), 475-480. https://doi.org/10.5267/j.msl.2016.6.001
- Salovey, P., & Grewal, D. (2005). The Science of Emotional Intelligence. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 14(6), 281-285. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0963- 7214.2005.00381.x
- Salovey, P., & Mayer, J. D. (1990). Emotional Intelligence. Imagination, Cognition and Personality, 9(3), 185-211. https://doi.org/10.2190/DUGG-P24E- 52WK-6CDG
- Samadony, S. (2007). Emotional intelligence: Founded, applications & development. Amman: Dar Al- Fiker.
- Saxena, S., & Saxena, R. (2015). Impact of Job Involvement and Organizational Commitment on Organizational Citizenship Behavior. International Journal of Management and Business Research, 5(1), 19-30. https://ijmbr.srbiau.ac.ir/article_5688_c45e6 15c26755b86fd7bc00037adaae2.pdf
- Siddiqui, R. S., & Hassan, A. (2013). Impact of Emotional Intelligence on Employees Turnover Rate in FMCG Organizations. Pakistan Journal of Commerce and Social Sciences, 7(2), 394-404. http://jespk.net/publications/132.pdf
- Tschannen-Moran, M. (2003). Fostering organizational leadership: Transformational leadership and trust. In Hoy, W.K. & Miskel, C. G. In Studies in Leading and Organizing Schools (pp. 1-248). Information Age Publishing. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED479055
- Tschannen-Moran, M., Parish, J., & Dipaola, M. (2006). School Climate: The Interplay between Interpersonal Relationships and Student Achievement. Journal of School Leadership, 16(4), 386-415. https://doi.org/10.1177/1052684606016004 02
- Turnipseed, D. L., & Vandewaa, E. A. (2012). Relationship between Emotional Intelligence and Organizational Citizenship Behavior. Psychological Reports, 110(3), 899-914. https://doi.org/10.2466/01.09.20.21.PR0.1 10.3.899-914
- Ueda, Y., & Yoshimura, A. (2010). University Citizenship Behavior in Class: The Effect of Professor's Lecture Justice on Students' Diligence. Review of Asian and Pacific Studies, 36, 87-99. https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/51928655. pdf
- Vandervoort, D. J. (2006). The importance of emotional intelligence in higher education. Current Psychology, 25(1), 4-7. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-006-1011-7
- Vela, R. H., Jr. (2003). The role of emotional intelligence in the academic achievement of first-year college students [Ed.D., Texas A&M University - Kingsville]. In ProQuest Dissertations and Theses (305237930). ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global. https://www.proquest.com/dissertations- theses/role-emotional-intelligence-academic- achievement/docview/305237930/se- 2?accountid=135034
- Vincent, D. S. (2003). The evaluation of a social- emotional intelligence program: Effects on fifth graders' prosocial and problem behaviors [Psy.D., State University of New York at Albany]. In ProQuest Dissertations and Theses (304684438). ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global. https://www.proquest.com/dissertations- theses/evaluation-social-emotional- intelligence-program/docview/304684438/se- 2?accountid=135034
- Walker, M. E. B. (2006). EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE AND ACADEMIC SUCCESS IN COLLEGE [Doctoral dissertation, The University of Southern Mississippi]. https://www.proquest.com/pqdtglobal/docvi ew/304974501/fulltextPDF/9E6F77FFFD4A 4583PQ/4?accountid=135034
- Walsh-Portillo, J. G. (2011). The Role of Emotional Intelligence in College Students' Success [Doctor of Education Higher Education Administration, Florida International University]. https://doi.org/10.25148/etd.FI11120510
- Westphal, M. (2007). Emotional Intelligence and Adjustment in College Students [Doctoral Dissertation, Columbia University]. https://www.proquest.com/pqdtglobal/docvi ew/304862524/fulltextPDF/5284AA4A7BE0 42BEPQ/3?accountid=135034
- Yunus, N. H. (2012). Displaying Employees' Organizational Citizenship Behaviour: The Impact of Emotional Intelligence and Leader- Member Exchange in Development Bank in Malaysia. International Journal of Social Science and Humanity, 2(4), 344-349. https://doi.org/10.7763/IJSSH.2012.V2.123
- Zeidner, M., Matthews, G., & Roberts, R. D. (2009). What we know about emotional intelligence: How it affects learning, work, relationships, and our mental health. (pp. xviii, 441). Cambridge, MA, US: MIT Press.
- Zins, J. E., & Elias, M. J. (2007). Social and Emotional Learning: Promoting the Development of All Students. Journal of Educational and Psychological Consultation, 17(2- 3), 233-255. https://doi.org/10.1080/1047441070141315 2
Cite this article
-
APA : Perveen, S., Ahmad, M., & Ashiq, S. (2021). Relationship between University Students' Emotional Intelligence and their Organizational Citizenship Behavior in Punjab. Global Regional Review, VI(IV), 27-39. https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2021(VI-IV).03
-
CHICAGO : Perveen, Shahnaz, Masood Ahmad, and Saba Ashiq. 2021. "Relationship between University Students' Emotional Intelligence and their Organizational Citizenship Behavior in Punjab." Global Regional Review, VI (IV): 27-39 doi: 10.31703/grr.2021(VI-IV).03
-
HARVARD : PERVEEN, S., AHMAD, M. & ASHIQ, S. 2021. Relationship between University Students' Emotional Intelligence and their Organizational Citizenship Behavior in Punjab. Global Regional Review, VI, 27-39.
-
MHRA : Perveen, Shahnaz, Masood Ahmad, and Saba Ashiq. 2021. "Relationship between University Students' Emotional Intelligence and their Organizational Citizenship Behavior in Punjab." Global Regional Review, VI: 27-39
-
MLA : Perveen, Shahnaz, Masood Ahmad, and Saba Ashiq. "Relationship between University Students' Emotional Intelligence and their Organizational Citizenship Behavior in Punjab." Global Regional Review, VI.IV (2021): 27-39 Print.
-
OXFORD : Perveen, Shahnaz, Ahmad, Masood, and Ashiq, Saba (2021), "Relationship between University Students' Emotional Intelligence and their Organizational Citizenship Behavior in Punjab", Global Regional Review, VI (IV), 27-39
-
TURABIAN : Perveen, Shahnaz, Masood Ahmad, and Saba Ashiq. "Relationship between University Students' Emotional Intelligence and their Organizational Citizenship Behavior in Punjab." Global Regional Review VI, no. IV (2021): 27-39. https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2021(VI-IV).03