ARTICLE

FOREIGN DEBT AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR PAKISTANS NATIONAL SECURITY

08 Pages : 107-127

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2018(III-I).08      10.31703/grr.2018(III-I).08      Published : Dec 2018

Foreign Debt and its Implications for Pakistan's National Security

    National security implications of the rising government debt in Pakistan increase concerns about military powers such as the USA and industrial giants such as Japan. This paper examines the unprecedented rise and abundant use of debt by governments since 2008. Apart from economic sustainability risks of the debt, the paper also traces history of Pakistan's search for national security since 1947. Pakistan achieved nuclear capability in the face of opposition from the USA. There are fears that in the presence of huge external debts and low capacity to service them, Pakistan may not be able to take independent decisions regarding national security. The paper offers recommendations to overcome the threats

    Foreign Debt, National Security, Exacerbation, Sanctions, Legislation
    (1) Rafaqat Islam
    Faculty of Institute for Strategic Studies,Research and Analysis (ISSRA), National Defence University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
    (2) Sarfraz Hussain Ansari
    Assistant Professor, Department of Government and Public Policy, Faculty of Contemporary Studies, National Defence University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
    (3) Shahzad Hussain
    Assistant Professor, Department of Government and Public Policy,Faculty of Contemporary Studies, National Defence University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
  • PML-N. (2018). Economic Mismanagement. Business Recorder.
  • Anderson, J.W. (1998). Pakistan Sets Off Nuclear Blasts. The Washington Post, May 29, 1998.
  • Aslam, S. (1960). Pakistan Seeks Security. Longman.
  • Asma, K. (2016). Perspective on Public Debt Sustainability, [SBP Staff Notes 04/16).
  • Bret, S. (2008). Let's Buy Pakistan's Nukes. Wall Street Journal
  • Business Recorder. (2018). Rising Budget Deficit.
  • Pasha, H.A. (2018). Business Recorder.
  • Khan, A. (2016). Rising Debt: A Serious Threat to the National Security. Working Paper
  • Eduardo, B., & Ugo, P. (2008). IMF Working Paper, the Costs of Sovereign Default
  • Fiscal Responsibility and Debt Limitation (FRDL) Act 2005
  • Fiscal Responsibility and Debt Limitation Act, 2005
  • Government of Pakistan. (2001). Pakistan Economic Survey 2001
  • Government of Pakistan, Ministry of Finance. (2001). Debt Management Committee Report. Islamabad.
  • Government of Pakistan, Ministry of Finance ,Debt Policy and Coordination Office & State Bank of Pakistan
  • Bukhari, H. & Haq, I. (2018). Need for Efficient Tax Authority. Business Recorder.
  • Oneal, J.R. & Russett, B. (1999). High Politics of IMF Lending. The Kantian Peace: The Pacific Benefits of Democracy, Interdependence, and International Organizations, 1885-1992.
  • Juvaria, J.,(2015). Insidious Debt and Elusive Freedom: Narrative Issues with Public Borrowing. Published in PRIME Institute.
  • Kamal, M. (2016). Blind borrowing -Is Pakistan fast slipping into a debt trap?. The Nation, December 8, 2016.
  • Khan, Dr. A. Khan., (2017) Pakistan's Debt: An Update Spearhead Research URL:
  • Lawrence, Z.. (1975). Pakistan: The Long View Durham, Duke University Press. p.328
  • Morrow, D., & Carriere, M. (1999). The Economic Impacts of the 1998 Sanctions on India and Pakistan. The Nonproliferation Review, 6(4), 1-15
  • National Assembly debates on Protection of Economic Reforms Bill, 1992
  • Palmer, N.D. (1975). Pakistan: The Long Search for Foreign Policy.In Lawrence Ziring. Durham (ed),Pakistan: The Long View by Lawrence Ziring (p.416), Duke University Press
  • Rana, S., (2017). PTI warns of legal battle over definition change of public debt. The Express Tribune September 20, 2017 from: https://tribune. com.pk/story/1511122/pti-warns-legal-battle-definition-change-public-debt
  • Staff Report. (2017). Foreign Debt seem more Dangerous than Terrorism in Pakistan. The Nation, February 27,2017
  • Qureshi, T.A., & Mahmood, Z. (2016). The Magnitude of Trade Misinvoicing and Resulting Revenue Loss in Pakistan.The Lahore Journal of Economics, 21(2), 1-30
  • The Gazette of Pakistan Extraordinary. Islamabad, July 28, 1992
  • The News International (2017) “Debt trap haunts PakistanÂ’s Future” The News, September 29, 2017 Retrieved From https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/233309-Debt-trap-haunts-Pakistans-future
  • The USAÂ’s Foreign Assistance Act 1961 was amended on the initiative of Stuart Symington in 1977. This comprised ODA: $ 8.8 billion non-ODA: $3.6 billion and arrears of $77 million. ODA is defined as credits with a low interest and waived at development.
  • Thomas W. L. (1998) “US Lifts Sanctions on India and Pakistan”. The Washington Post, November 7, 1998
  • Ugo Panizza, et al. “The Economics and Law of Sovereign Debt and Default”, Journal of Economic Literature, 2009, vol 47, No. 3, p.p. 651-698

Cite this article

    CHICAGO : Islam, Rafaqat, Sarfraz Hussain Ansari, and Shahzad Hussain. 2018. "Foreign Debt and its Implications for Pakistan's National Security." Global Regional Review, III (I): 107-127 doi: 10.31703/grr.2018(III-I).08
    HARVARD : ISLAM, R., ANSARI, S. H. & HUSSAIN, S. 2018. Foreign Debt and its Implications for Pakistan's National Security. Global Regional Review, III, 107-127.
    MHRA : Islam, Rafaqat, Sarfraz Hussain Ansari, and Shahzad Hussain. 2018. "Foreign Debt and its Implications for Pakistan's National Security." Global Regional Review, III: 107-127
    MLA : Islam, Rafaqat, Sarfraz Hussain Ansari, and Shahzad Hussain. "Foreign Debt and its Implications for Pakistan's National Security." Global Regional Review, III.I (2018): 107-127 Print.
    OXFORD : Islam, Rafaqat, Ansari, Sarfraz Hussain, and Hussain, Shahzad (2018), "Foreign Debt and its Implications for Pakistan's National Security", Global Regional Review, III (I), 107-127
    TURABIAN : Islam, Rafaqat, Sarfraz Hussain Ansari, and Shahzad Hussain. "Foreign Debt and its Implications for Pakistan's National Security." Global Regional Review III, no. I (2018): 107-127. https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2018(III-I).08