ARTICLE

DIGITALIZATION OF POLITICS DECONSTRUCTING THE ROLE OF SOCIAL MEDIA IN DEMOCRATIC STRENGTHENING A SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS OF PAKISTAN

  1. HOME
  2. ARTICLE

20 Pages : 168-177

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2021(VI-II).20      10.31703/grr.2021(VI-II).20      Published : Jun 2021

Digitalization of Politics; Deconstructing the Role of (Social) Media in Democratic Strengthening: A Situational Analysis of Pakistan

Abstract

    This paper attempts to investigate how the media has constructed, deconstructed, and influenced fundamental questions about democracy in Pakistan-considering how democratic ideals might provide a framework for understanding and shaping modern digital media transformation. The study of the digitalization of politics looks into how modern societies make sense of and shape the digital transformation. This paper examines and evaluates the strategies, competencies, and practices that contribute to the governance,democracy, and regulation of digitalization, as well as its societal consequences. The role of the media in either supporting or opposing democracy promotion activities that have an impact on the region's democratization in Pakistan. An exploratory and descriptive research method was used in the study. Attempts have been made to incorporate all relevant and significant dimensions and characteristics of the media, society, and their impacts.

    Pakistan, Democracy, Governance, Digital Media, Society

    (1) Muhammad Shakeel Ahmad Siddiqui
    Chairman, Department of International Relations, Emerson University Multan, Punjab, Pakistan.
    (2) Muhammad Imran Pasha
    Lecturer, Department of Political Science, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan, Punjab, Pakistan.
    (3) Kanwar Muhammad Yasir Furqan
    Ph. D Scholar, Department of Political Science, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan, Punjab, Pakistan.
Fulltext PDF

References

  • Afzal, M. (2017). Democracy in Pakistan: Elections tell us why voters behave badly. VoxDev. https://voxdev.org/topic/institutions- political-economy/democracy-pakistan- elections-tell-us-whypoliticians-behave-badly.
  • Agencies. (2020). Reporters without Borders blasts Imran's remarks on press freedom. DAWN.COM.
  • Aurora, M. (2020). Media Advertising Spend FY 2019-20. https://aurora.dawn.com/news/1143946.
  • Azam, M. (2008). Radicalization and Media. Conflict and Peace Studies, 1. PIPS 2
  • Bartholomew, M. (2017). Adcreep: The Case Against Modern Marketing. Stanford Law Books.
  • Blaha, C. O. (2012), Statement by the Delegation of the United States of America Human Rights Council 19th Session Geneva, Switzerland https://geneva.usmission.gov/2012/03/19/it em8/
  • Bourdieu, P. (1987). What Makes a Social Class? On The Theoretical and Practical Existence Of Groups. Berkeley Journal of Sociology, 32, 1-17. http://www.jstor.org/stable/41035356.
  • Brazeal, G. (2011). How Much Does a Belief Cost? Revisiting the Marketplace of Ideas. Southern California Interdisciplinary Law Journal, 21(1), 2- 10
  • Callard, K. (1957). Pakistan: A Political Study. London : George Allen & Unwin,
  • Couldry, N., & Hepp, A. (2013). Conceptualizing Mediatization: Contexts, Traditions, Arguments. Communication Theory, 23(3), 191- 202. https://doi.org/10.1111/comt.12019.
  • Dahlberg, L. (2010) Cyber-libertarianism 2.0: A Discourse theory/critical political economy examination. Cultural Politics 6(3), 331-356.
  • Din, U. N. (2020). Pakistan media. Media Landscapes: Maastricht, The Netherlands. https://medialandscapes.org/country/pakistan
  • Downey, J., & Fenton, N. (2003). New Media, Counter Publicity and the Public Sphere. New Media & Society, 5(2), 185-202. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444803005002 003
  • Dunn, J. (1993). Democracy: the unfinished journey 508 BC-AD, Oxford University Press,
  • Esser, F., & Strömbäck, J. (2014). Mediatization of Politics. Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Friedland, L. A., Hove, T., & Rojas, H. (2006). The Networked Public Sphere. Javnost - The Public, 13(4), 5-26. https://doi.org/10.1080/13183222.2006.110 08922.
  • Fuller, M. (2004). Behind the Blip: Essays on the Culture of Software. London: Pluto Press.
  • Gallup, Pakistan (2021). Talk show content analysis. January. https://gallup.com.pk/.
  • Gaziano, C., & McGrath, K. (1986). Measuring the concept of credibility. Journalism Quarterly, 63(3), 451-462.
  • Geraint, P. (1972). Participation in politics. Anderson, Bryce. Manchester: Manchester University Press [Totowa, N.J.] Rowman and Littlefield.
  • Gerbner, G. (1969). Toward
  • Gerbner, G., Gross, L., Morgan, M., & Signorielli, N. (1986). Living with television: The dynamics of the cultivation process. Perspectives on Media Effects, 17-40.
  • GOP (Government of Pakistan) (2020b). Pakistan Economic Survey 2019-2020. Islamabad: Finance Division.
  • Hassan, K. (2014). The role of private electronic media in radicalising Pakistan. The Commonwealth Journal of International Affairs, 103(1), 65-81
  • Hjarvard, S. (2013). The mediatization of society and culture. London, England: Routledge
  • Howarth, D. R. (2008). Ethos, Agonism and Populism: William Connolly and the Case for Radical Democracy. The British Journal of Politics and International Relations, 10(2), 171-193. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467- 856x.2007.00308.x
  • Hungbo, J. (2007). Credible news measures: A medium's integrity. Nebula, 4(1), 276-284.
  • Inayatullah, Inayatullah, S., & Inayatullah, S. (1997). The futures of democracy in Pakistan. Futures, 29(10), 955-970. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0016- 3287(97)00077-3
  • Junaid, I. (2021) Digital media freedom in Pakistan remains weak: report https://www.dawn.com/news/1654587
  • Landemore, H. (2020). Open democracy: reinventing popular rule for the twenty-first century. Princeton, New Jersey.
  • Mazzoleni, G., & Schulz, W. (1999). https://doi.org/10.1080/105846099198613.
  • McLeod, D. M., Wise, D., & Perryman, M. (2017). Thinking about the media: A review of theory and research on media perceptions, media effects perceptions, and their consequences. Review of Communication Research, 5, 35-83. https://doi.org/10.12840/issn.2255- 4165.2017.05.01.013
  • Metzger, M. J., Flanagin, A. J., Eyal, K., Lemus, D. R., & McCann, R. M. (2003). Credibility for the 21st century: Integrating perspectives on source, message, and media credibility in the contemporary media environment. Annals of the International Communication Association, 27(1), 293-335.
  • Michels, R. (1999). Political Parties. Amsterdam University Press.
  • Miller, J. I., & Wolin, S. (2021). Democratic Temperament: The Legacy of William James. University Press of Kansas. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv1p2gk0g
  • Müller, L. (2014). Comparing mass media in established democracies: patterns of media performance. Springer
  • O'Hara, C. (2008, February 20). Musharraf: I take all the credit for Pakistan's media freedom. Foreign Policy. https://foreignpolicy.com/2008/02/20/mus harraf-i-take-all-the-credit-for-pakistans-media- freedom
  • Oxford University Press (OUP). (2021). democracy. Lexico.Com. https://www.lexico.com/definition/democra cy.
  • Riddle, K. (2010). Always on my mind: Exploring how frequent, recent, and vivid television portrayals are used in the formation of social reality judgments. Media Psychology, 13(2), 155- 179.
  • Rizvi, H. A. (2000). Pakistan in 1999: Back to square one. Asian Survey, 40(1), 208-218.
  • Sadiq, N., Laila, U., Mehmood, T., & Shafique, M. S. (2021). Natural Calamities and Sensation in Media; A Study of Corona Virus Coverage in Electronic Media of Pakistan. Journal of Accounting and Finance in Emerging Economies, 7(1), 23-34. https://doi.org/10.26710/jafee.v7i1.1505
  • Schaal, G.S., Helbig, K., Fleuss, D., & Schmidt, H. (2017). Measuring Democracy in the Age of Digitalization. Theoretical Issues, Methodological Concerns, and Exemplary Solutions.
  • Settle, Q. (2018). Introducing Communication Theory: Analysis and Application. Journal of Applied Communications, 102(3). https://doi.org/10.4148/1051-0834.1223
  • Siddiqa, A. (2007). Military Inc.: Inside Pakistan's Military Economy, Pluto Press 2007
  • Strömbäck, J. (2008). Four phases of mediatization: An analysis of the mediatization of politics. The International Journal of Press/Politics, 13(3), 228- 246.
  • Wahab, A. J. (2011). Television talk shows and the public sphere. Malaysian Journal of Communication, 27(2), 29-45
  • Waqas, M., & Khattak, M. (2017). Democracy in Pakistan: Problems and Prospects in Making Informed Choices. International Journal of Social Sciences and Management, 4(1), 9-11. https://doi.org/10.3126/ijssm.v4i1.16225
  • Willnat, L., Weaver, D. H., & Wilhoit, G. C. (2019). The American journalist in the digital age: How journalists and the public think about journalism in the United States. Journalism Studies, 20(3), 423-441.
  • Wydra, Harald (2007).

Cite this article

APA

    APA : Siddiqui, M. S. A., Pasha, M. I., & Furqan, K. M. Y. (2021). Digitalization of Politics; Deconstructing the Role of (Social) Media in Democratic Strengthening: A Situational Analysis of Pakistan. Global Regional Review, VI(II), 168-177. https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2021(VI-II).20

CHICAGO

    CHICAGO : Siddiqui, Muhammad Shakeel Ahmad, Muhammad Imran Pasha, and Kanwar Muhammad Yasir Furqan. 2021. "Digitalization of Politics; Deconstructing the Role of (Social) Media in Democratic Strengthening: A Situational Analysis of Pakistan." Global Regional Review, VI (II): 168-177 doi: 10.31703/grr.2021(VI-II).20

HARVARD

    HARVARD : SIDDIQUI, M. S. A., PASHA, M. I. & FURQAN, K. M. Y. 2021. Digitalization of Politics; Deconstructing the Role of (Social) Media in Democratic Strengthening: A Situational Analysis of Pakistan. Global Regional Review, VI, 168-177.

MHRA

    MHRA : Siddiqui, Muhammad Shakeel Ahmad, Muhammad Imran Pasha, and Kanwar Muhammad Yasir Furqan. 2021. "Digitalization of Politics; Deconstructing the Role of (Social) Media in Democratic Strengthening: A Situational Analysis of Pakistan." Global Regional Review, VI: 168-177

MLA

    MLA : Siddiqui, Muhammad Shakeel Ahmad, Muhammad Imran Pasha, and Kanwar Muhammad Yasir Furqan. "Digitalization of Politics; Deconstructing the Role of (Social) Media in Democratic Strengthening: A Situational Analysis of Pakistan." Global Regional Review, VI.II (2021): 168-177 Print.

OXFORD

    OXFORD : Siddiqui, Muhammad Shakeel Ahmad, Pasha, Muhammad Imran, and Furqan, Kanwar Muhammad Yasir (2021), "Digitalization of Politics; Deconstructing the Role of (Social) Media in Democratic Strengthening: A Situational Analysis of Pakistan", Global Regional Review, VI (II), 168-177

TURABIAN

    TURABIAN : Siddiqui, Muhammad Shakeel Ahmad, Muhammad Imran Pasha, and Kanwar Muhammad Yasir Furqan. "Digitalization of Politics; Deconstructing the Role of (Social) Media in Democratic Strengthening: A Situational Analysis of Pakistan." Global Regional Review VI, no. II (2021): 168-177. https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2021(VI-II).20