Conglomerates in Pakistani Media Industry: Exploring the Effects of Non-Journalistic Ownership of Media Companies
This study examines what role non-journalistic business conglomerates play in the Pakistani journalism industry. 56 experienced journalists were interviewed, and the data is analyzed by using Qualitative method of Grounded Theory (GT) methodology to generate codes/themes. The use of grounded theory is not very common in mass communication research. Results of this research show that non-journalistic business entities critically influenced journalism in Pakistan by investing a huge amount of money. They own media organizations and develop editorial policies that protect their business interests. They adopted a ridiculous approach by promoting several persons as journalists who have no journalism experience. Such "journalists" have been playing a crucial role in changing the landscape of the Pakistani media.
-
Media Landscape, Conglomerates, Grounded Theory, Media Ownership, Qualitative Research
-
(1) Haseeb Ur Rehman Warrich
Assistant Professor, Department of Arts & Media, Foundation University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
(2) Muhammad Ashfaq
Assistant Professor, Department of Arts & Media, Foundation University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
(3) Shams Ur Rehma
Lecturer, Media & Communication Studies, Karakoram International University, Gilgit, Pakistan.
- Akhtar, N., & Pratt, C. B. (2016). Pakistani Government-News Media Relationships: How relevant are Western journalistic values? Journalism Studies, 1-21
- Bryant, A., & Charmaz, K. (2007). The SAGE Handbook of Grounded Theory. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications, Inc
- Charmaz, K. (2000). Grounded Theory in the 21st Century: Applications for Advancing Social Justice Studies. In N. K. Denzin, & Y. S. Lincon, Sage Handbook of Qualitative Research (pp. 507-536). Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications, Inc.
- Charmaz, K. (2006). Constructing Grounded Theory: A Practical Guide Through Qualitative Analysis. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications, Inc.
- Corbin, J., & Strauss, A. (1990). Grounded theory research: Procedures, canons, and evaluative criteria. Qualitative Sociology, 3-21.
- Denzin, N. K., & Lincoln, Y. S. (2003). Collecting and Interpreting Qualitative Materials. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications, Inc.
- Duchscher, J., & Morgan, D. (2005). Grounded Theory: Reflections on the Emergence vs. Forcing Debate. Journal of advanced nursing, 605-612.
- Gibson, T. A., Craig, R. T., Harpe, A. C., & Alpert, J. M. (2015). Covering climate change in dubious times: Environmental reporters in the new media ecosystem. Journalism, 417-434.
- Glaser, B. (1998). Doing grounded theory: Issues and discussion. Mill Valley: Sociology Press.
- Glaser, B. G., & Strauss, A. L. (1967). The Discovery of Grounded Theory: Strategies for Qualitative Research. Chicago: Aldine Publishing Company.
- Herfroy-Mischler, A. (2015). When the past seeps into the present: The role of press agencies in circulating new historical narratives and restructuring collective memory during and after the Holocaust transitional justice. Journalism, 823-844
- Howard, H. H. (2006). Television Station Ownership in the United States: A Comprehensive Study (1940- 2005). The Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication, 1-78
- Johnson, E. A., & Sallot, L. M. (2006). The Gatekeeper Interview Assignment: Teaching Public Relations Students How to Write for the News Media and to Conduct Media Relations Effectively. Journalism & Mass Communication Educator, 165-178.
- Krumsvik, A. (2015). Newspaper Ownership And The Prioritization Of Digital Competences. Digital Journalism, 777-790.
- Lacy, S., & Riffe, D. (1994). The Impact of Competition and Group Ownership on Radio News. Journalism Quarterly, 583-593.
- Martin, V. (2008). Attending the News: A grounded theory about daily regimen. Journalism, 76-94.
- Ottosen, R. (2004). The Borders of Journalism: The Role of Journalists between Ideals and the Market. Kristiansand: IJ-forlaget.
- Rehmat, A. (2008). Murder and Mayhem: The Worst Year Ever for Pakistani Media. Retrieved from Internews: http://www.internews.org.pk/mediareports/200708 State of Media in Pak istan - Annual Report.pdf
- Seaman, J. (2006). Adopting a Grounded Theory Approach to Cultural-Historical Research: Conflicting Methodologies or Complementary Methods? International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 1-17.
- Strauss, A., & Corbin, J. (1998). Basics of Qualitative Research: Techniques and Procedures for Developing Grounded Theory. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications, Inc.
- Wagner, M., & Collins, T. (2014). Does Ownership Matter? The case of Rupert Murdoch's purchase of the Wall Street Journal. Journalism Practice, 758-771.
- Yusuf, H. (2009). Old and New Media: Converging During the Pakistan Emergency (March 2007-February 2008). Center for Future Civic Media.
Cite this article
-
APA : Warrich, H. U. R., Ashfaq, M., & Rehma, S. U. (2020). Conglomerates in Pakistani Media Industry: Exploring the Effects of Non-Journalistic Ownership of Media Companies. Global Regional Review, V(I), 151-159. https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2020(V-I).19
-
CHICAGO : Warrich, Haseeb Ur Rehman, Muhammad Ashfaq, and Shams Ur Rehma. 2020. "Conglomerates in Pakistani Media Industry: Exploring the Effects of Non-Journalistic Ownership of Media Companies." Global Regional Review, V (I): 151-159 doi: 10.31703/grr.2020(V-I).19
-
HARVARD : WARRICH, H. U. R., ASHFAQ, M. & REHMA, S. U. 2020. Conglomerates in Pakistani Media Industry: Exploring the Effects of Non-Journalistic Ownership of Media Companies. Global Regional Review, V, 151-159.
-
MHRA : Warrich, Haseeb Ur Rehman, Muhammad Ashfaq, and Shams Ur Rehma. 2020. "Conglomerates in Pakistani Media Industry: Exploring the Effects of Non-Journalistic Ownership of Media Companies." Global Regional Review, V: 151-159
-
MLA : Warrich, Haseeb Ur Rehman, Muhammad Ashfaq, and Shams Ur Rehma. "Conglomerates in Pakistani Media Industry: Exploring the Effects of Non-Journalistic Ownership of Media Companies." Global Regional Review, V.I (2020): 151-159 Print.
-
OXFORD : Warrich, Haseeb Ur Rehman, Ashfaq, Muhammad, and Rehma, Shams Ur (2020), "Conglomerates in Pakistani Media Industry: Exploring the Effects of Non-Journalistic Ownership of Media Companies", Global Regional Review, V (I), 151-159
-
TURABIAN : Warrich, Haseeb Ur Rehman, Muhammad Ashfaq, and Shams Ur Rehma. "Conglomerates in Pakistani Media Industry: Exploring the Effects of Non-Journalistic Ownership of Media Companies." Global Regional Review V, no. I (2020): 151-159. https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2020(V-I).19