Analysis of Audiences' uses and Gratifications in the Selected Pakistani Urdu Films
This exploratory study unfolds Socio-psychological problems, and their impacts on youth through post-2000. Four Pakistani selected Urdu films as Shoaib Mansoor's Bol (2011), Jilani’s Chambaili(2013), Khuda Kay Liye (2007), and Bilal Lashari’s Waar (2013). The study locates these films in their broader frame of socio-psychological dynamics to grapple with the production of gender relations along with the articulation of identity. Furthermore, the study vigorously tends to disclose consumption effects and influences of identity, entertainment, socialization, surveillance, and cinematic techniques observed in the films by Pakistani youth in fulfilling their desires of gratification. This study uses quantitative research methods by applying a Cross-sectional survey approach. The convenient sampling was used to sample size N=371 among the population of the capital city of Islamabad. It was found that Pakistani youth broadly identify themselves with the national identity depicted in the films.The cinematic techniques used for the production of socialization gratified youth to some extent. The study recommends that the national film Industry should come up with socio-political realities-based cultural productions.
-
Lollywood, Hegemony, Identity, Nationalism, Patriarchy
-
(1) Qaisar Khan
Senior Assistant Professor, Department of Arts and Media Foundation University Islamabad, Pakistan.
(2) Sher Akbar
Assistant Professor, Department of Management Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Pakistan.
(3) Javeria Zafar
Bahria University Islamabad, Pakistan.
- Adorno, T. W. (1950). The authoritarian personality, New York (Harper & Brothers) 1950.
- Adria, M. (2010). Technology and nationalism. McGill-Queen's Press- MQUP.
- Ali, A. (2015). Violence against women in Pakistani feature films. International Journal of Academic Research and Reflection, 3(2), 68-76
- Ali, K., & Ahmad, A. N. (2016). Cinema and society: film and social change in Pakistan. Oxford University Press.
- Begum, K. (2017). The War Between Moderate and Fundamentalist Muslims in the Pakistani Film, Khuda Ke Liye (In the Name of God).
- Bilal, A. (2015). Technological Impact on the Art of Moviemaking: Deploying new and convergent media to redefine a model for Pakistan's Cinema (Doctoral dissertation, Nottingham Trent University) Bilal, A. 51/New Developments in Pakistani Cinema.
- Bilal, A. (2015a). New Developments in Pakistani Cinema. In P. Drummond, ed. The London Film and Media Reader 3: Sixty Essays from FILM AND MEDIA 2013, The Third Annual London Film and Media Conference, London: The London Symposium, 2015. London, 527-
- Buckland, W. (2011). Review of Richard Rushton, The Reality of Film: Theories of Filmic Realit. New Review of Film and Television Studies, 9(3), 390-394
- Blumler, J. G. (1979).The role of theory in uses and gratifications studies. Communication Research, 6(1), 9-36.
- Butler, M. (2004). Film and Community in Britain and France: From La Règle Du Jeuto Room at the Top. IB Tauris.
- Carron, A. V., Hausenblas, H. A., & Eys, M. E. (1998). Group dynamics in sport. Fitness Information Technology. Morgantown, WV.
- Elsaesser, T., & Hagener, M. (2015). Film Theory: An introduction through the senses. Routledge.
- Eric, Egan (2002), Pakistani Cinema: Between the Domestic and the Regional, Asian Cinema, 13(1), 27-38(12).
- Erigha, M. (2015). Race, Gender, Hollywood: Representation in Cultural Production and Digital Media's Potential for Change. Sociology Compass, 9(1), 78-89.
- Erndl, K. M. (2016). Religious and national identity in My Name is Khan. Journal of Religion & Film, 20(1), 5.
- Faruqi, S. (2010). Pakistan's film industry and cinema culture. Dawn News.
- Ferrara, S. (2013). Steadicam: Techniques and aesthetics. CRC Press.
- Gazdar, M. (1997). Pakistan Cinema, 1947- 1997. Oxford University Press, USA.
- Glock Charles, Y. (1972). Images of 'God,' Images of Man, and the Organization of Social Life. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion. 11(1), 1-15.
- Hafeez, H. (2015). Pakistani Cinema Through A Transitional Lens. https://www.researchgate.net/publicati on/303898261_Pakistani_Cinema_throu gh_a_transitional_lens
- Hall, S. (1989).
- Hamed, C. J. (2008). Nationalism and Pakistan.
- Hastings, A. (1997). The construction of nationhood: Ethnicity, religion and nationalism. Cambridge University Press.
- Hoffman, B. (2006). Inside terrorism. Columbia University Press.
- Huddy, L., & Khatib, N. (2007). American patriotism, national identity, and political involvement. American journal of political science, 51(1), 63-77.
- Hughey, M. W. (2010). The white savior film and reviewers' reception. Symbolic
- Hurwitz, J., & Peffley, M. (1999). International attitudes. Measures of political attitudes,
- Jamal, A. (2003). Marketing in a multicultural world: The interplay of marketing, ethnicity and consumption. European Journal of Marketing, 37(11/12), 1599- 1620.
- Jones, D. (1967). The phoneme: Its nature and use. Heffer.
- Jost, J. T. (2006). The end of ideology. American Psychologist, 61(7), 651.
- Kapoor, K. (2018). Representation of Female Characters through Item Songs in Selected Hindi Movies. International Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities (IJSSH), 2(1), 1-9.
- Katz, E., Blumler, J. G., & Gurevitch, M. (1973).Uses and gratifications research.
- Kirchherr, J., Reike, D., & Hekkert, M. (2017). Conceptualizing the circular economy: An analysis of 114 definitions. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 127, 221232.
- Kirk, G. (2016). 'A camera from the time of the British': film technologies and aesthetic exclusion in Pakistani Cinema. Screen, 57(4), 496-502.
- Lapsley, R., & Westlake, M. (2006). Film Theory: An introduction. Manchester
- Lawrence, J. S., & Jewett, R. (2002). The myth of the American superhero. Wm.
- Lindvall, T. (2005). Religion and film: Part II: Theology and pedagogy. Communication research trends, 24(1), 3-40.)
- Martin, J. L. (2015). What is ideology? Sociologia, Problemas e Práticas, 77, 9-31
- McQuail, D. (1987). Mass communication theory: An introduction. Sage Publications, Inc.
- Metz, C. (1985). Photography and fetish. October, 34, 81-90.
- Mohajan, H. K. (2018). Qualitative research methodology in social sciences and related subjects. Journal of Economic Development, Environment and People, 7(1), 23-48.
- Mulvey, L. (1975). Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinema. Screen 16.3 Autumn. 6-18.
- Neuman, W. L. (2011). Social research methods: Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches. Boston: Allyn& Bacon
- Nandakumar, S. (2011). The Stereotypical Portrayal of Women in Commercial Indian Cinema (Doctoral dissertation).
- Nichols, B. (2002). Film Theory and the revolt against master narratives,
- Plate, S. B. (2017). Religion and Film: Cinema and the Re-creation of the World. Columbia University Press.
- Rizvi, W. R. (2014). Visual Pleasure in Pakistani Cinema (1947-2014).
- Rodriguez, A. (2009). Pakistan's film industry is in collapse. Los Angeles Times.
- Sadughi, N. (2011). The Representation of Women in Iranian Popular Cinema after the Revolution (1979) (Doctoral dissertation, Eastern Mediterranean University (EMU)).
- Schlesinger, P. (2000, p.23). The Sociological scope of 'national Cinema'. Cinema and nation, 19.
- Shackle, S. (2018). Rising From The Ashes: A New Era in Pakistani Cinema. Retrieved From: https://emerge85.io/Insights/rising- from-the-ashes-a-new-era-in- pakistanicinema
- Talbot, S. (2008). 'Us' and 'Them': Terrorism, conflict and (O) ther discursive formations. Sociological Research Online, 13(1), 15-30.
- Tirumala, L. N. (2009). Bollywood movies and cultural identity construction among.
- Tiwari, k. (2019). Queer voices deconstructing gender binaries
- Tom, E. W. (2014). Social Constructs in Film Culture: The Effect of it on the Performing Arts, and the Destroyed Association of Signs to Enhance Meaning. University Press.
- Viswanath, G., & Malik, S. (2009). Revisiting 1947 through popular Cinema: a comparative study of India and Pakistan. Economic and Political Weekly, 61-6
Cite this article
-
APA : Khan, Q., Akbar, S., & Zafar, J. (2022). Analysis of Audiences' uses and Gratifications in the Selected Pakistani Urdu Films. Global Regional Review, VII(II), 11-23. https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2022(VII-II).02
-
CHICAGO : Khan, Qaisar, Sher Akbar, and Javeria Zafar. 2022. "Analysis of Audiences' uses and Gratifications in the Selected Pakistani Urdu Films." Global Regional Review, VII (II): 11-23 doi: 10.31703/grr.2022(VII-II).02
-
HARVARD : KHAN, Q., AKBAR, S. & ZAFAR, J. 2022. Analysis of Audiences' uses and Gratifications in the Selected Pakistani Urdu Films. Global Regional Review, VII, 11-23.
-
MHRA : Khan, Qaisar, Sher Akbar, and Javeria Zafar. 2022. "Analysis of Audiences' uses and Gratifications in the Selected Pakistani Urdu Films." Global Regional Review, VII: 11-23
-
MLA : Khan, Qaisar, Sher Akbar, and Javeria Zafar. "Analysis of Audiences' uses and Gratifications in the Selected Pakistani Urdu Films." Global Regional Review, VII.II (2022): 11-23 Print.
-
OXFORD : Khan, Qaisar, Akbar, Sher, and Zafar, Javeria (2022), "Analysis of Audiences' uses and Gratifications in the Selected Pakistani Urdu Films", Global Regional Review, VII (II), 11-23
-
TURABIAN : Khan, Qaisar, Sher Akbar, and Javeria Zafar. "Analysis of Audiences' uses and Gratifications in the Selected Pakistani Urdu Films." Global Regional Review VII, no. II (2022): 11-23. https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2022(VII-II).02