ARTICLE

PROPAGANDA REVISITED UNDERSTANDING PROPAGANDA IN THE CONTEMPORARY COMMUNICATION ORIENTED WORLD

  1. HOME
  2. ARTICLE

36 Pages : 317-324

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-III).36      10.31703/grr.2019(IV-III).36      Published : Sep 2019

Propaganda Revisited: Understanding Propaganda in the Contemporary Communication Oriented World

Abstract

    Propaganda had always remained a very important tool to influence others. Many researchers had worked and synthesized the concept of propaganda. But there was still a lot to be done as the contemporary propaganda industries had given this phenomenon a very subtle structure. This particular research study aimed to analyze the propaganda definitions set forth by various propaganda researchers to develop a comprehensive definition of the concept. For this purpose definitions provided by thirty different propaganda scholars had been analyzed to identify various elements of propaganda. Fourteen most frequently occurring elements were identified. On the basis of these elements, a comprehensive definition of propaganda was constructed to enhance the propaganda literature of Pakistan, which was the target of international propaganda from last couple of decades. This research paper would open new horizons for Pakistani researchers in the field of propaganda.

    Propaganda, Definitions, Propaganda Analysis, Propaganda Literature, Propaganda Researchers, Elements of Propaganda

    (1) Samia Manzoor
    Assistant Professor,Department of Communication Studies,Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan.
    (2) Aasima Safdar
    Assistant Professor,Department of Communication Studies,Department Communication Studies,
    (3) Beenish Zaheen
    Lecturer,Department of Mass Communication, The Women University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan.
Fulltext PDF

References

  • Altheide, D. L., & Johnson, J. M. (1980). Bureaucratic Propaganda. Boston: Allyn and Bacon. Anti-war protesters take digital turn, The New York Times, March 27, 2003, p. A1.
  • Bernays, E. L. (1928). Propaganda. New York: Horace Liveright
  • Bernay, E. L. (2004). Propaganda. New York: In Publishing. Originally published: New York,
  • Black, J. (2001). The Semantics and Ethics of Propaganda. Journal of Mass Media Ethics, 16, 121-137. DOI: 10.1080/08900523.2001.9679608
  • Catlin, G. E. G. (1936). Propaganda ad a function of democratic government. In H. W. Childs (Eds.), Propaganda and Dictatorship: A collection of papers. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
  • Combs, J. E. & Nimmo, D. (1993). The New Propaganda: The Dictatorship of Palver in Contemporary Politics.New York: Longman.
  • Cunningham, S.B. (2002). The Idea of Propaganda: A Reconstruction. Westport, CT: Praeger.
  • Curnalia, Rebecca. M.L. (2005).
  • Doob, L. W. (1935). Propaganda: Its Psychoilogy and Techniques. New York: Holt
  • Doob, L. W. (1944). Propaganda: its psychology and technique. H. Holt and company
  • Doob, L. W. (1948). Public Opinion and Propaganda. New York: Holt.
  • Edelstein, A. S. (1997). Total Propaganda: From Mass Culture to Popular Culture. New York & London: Routledge
  • Ellul, J. (1964). The Technological Society. New York: Vintage.
  • Ellul, J. (1965). Propaganda: The formation of men's attitudes. New York: Random House.
  • Ellul, J. (1973). Propaganda: The Formation of Men's Attitudes. Second Ed. New York: Vintage Books
  • Ellul, J. (1981). The ethics of propaganda: Propaganda, innocence, and amorality. Communication, 6, 159-177.
  • Hammal, W. & Huntress, K. (1949). The Analysis of Propaganda. New York: William Sloane
  • Henderson, H. E. (1943). Toward a Definition of Propaganda. Journal of Social Psychology. 18, 71-87
  • Institute of Propaganda Analysis (1939). The Fine Art of Propaganda. A. M. Lee & E. B. Lee (Eds.). New York: Hartcourt Brace.
  • Jowett, G. S. & O' Donnell, V. (1999). Propaganda and Persuasion (3rd. Ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • Koppang, H. (2009). Social Influence by Manipulation: A Definition and Case of Propaganda. Middle East Critique, 18(2), 117- 143. DOI: 10.1080/19436140902989472
  • Lasswell, H. D. (1927). Propaganda Techniques in the World War. New York: Smith.
  • Lasswell, H. D. (1937). Propaganda. In E. R. Seligman & A. Johnson (Eds.) Encyclopedia of the social sciences (Vol. 12, 521- 528) New York: Macmillan
  • Lasswell, H. D. (1995). Propaganda-R. Jackall (Ed.). Propaganda. New York University Press, 13-25. Originally Published in Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences, ist Ed. Vol. XII. London: Macmillan, 1934
  • Lee, A. M. & Lee, E. B. (1939). The Fine Art of Propaganda: A Study of Father Coughlin's speeches. New York: Harcourt, Brace.
  • Lee, A. M. (1952). How to Understand Propaganda? New York: Rinehard & Company.
  • Lindhal, R. (1983). Analysis of the International Propaganda Broadcasts. Communication Research, 10, 375-402.
  • Lippmann, W. (1997). Public Opinion.Free Press Paperbacks. Originally Published New York: Macmillan.
  • Merrill, J. C. & Lowenstein, R. L. (1971). Media, messages and men: New perspectives in communication. New York: McKay
  • O'Shaughnessy, N. J. (2004). Politics and Propaganda: Weapons of Mass Seduction. Michigan: The University of Michigan Press.
  • Palmers, N. D. & Perkins, H. C. (2005), International Relations, A World Community in Transition (3rd Edition). New Delhi: A.I.T.B.S. Publishers.
  • Plaisance, Patrick Lee (2005). The Propaganda War on Terrorism: An Analysis of the United States
  • Pratkanis, A. R. & Aronson, E. (1991). Age of Propaganda: The everyday use and abuse of persuasion. New York: W. H. Freeman
  • Qualter, T. H. (1962). Propaganda and Psychological Warfare. New York: Random Houise.
  • Raluca Cozma (2015). Were the Murrow boys warmongers: the relationship between sourcing, framing, and propaganda in war journalism? Journalism Studies, 16:3, 433-448, DOI: 10.1080/1461670X.2014.882098
  • Schramm, W. (1955a). Notes on the British Concept of Propaganda. In (unknown Eds.) Four Working Papers on Propaganda Theory, 101-145. Columbus, OH: Ohio State University.
  • Severin, W. J. & Tankard, J. W. (Eds.) (2001). Communication Theories: Origins, Methods and the Uses in the Mass Media. (5th Ed.) New York: Longman
  • Smith, T. J. III. (1989). Propaganda and the Techniques of Deception. In T. J. Smith III (Ed.). Propaganda: A Pluralistic Perspective (pp. 65-98). Westport, CT: Praeger.
  • Sproule, J. M. (1987). Propaganda Studies in American Social Sciences: The Rise and Fall of the Critical Paradigm. Quarterly Journal of Speech, 73, 60-68.
  • Sproule, J. M. (1988, November) The New Managerial Rhetoric and the Old Criticism. Quarterly Journal of Speech, 74, 468- 486.
  • Sproule, J. M. (1994). Channels of Propaganda. Bloomington, IN: EdInfo
  • Taylor, K. (2004), Brainwashing: The Science of Thought Control. Oxford University Press
  • Toulmin, S. E. (1958). The uses of Argument. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
  • Uudelepp, A. (2008). Propaganda Instruments in Political Television Advertisements and Modern Television Commercial. Retrieved from http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.596.3297
  • Wilcox, D. L.; Ault, P. H. & Agee, W. K. (1995). Public Relations: Strategies and Tactics. HarperCollins College Publishers

Cite this article

APA

    APA : Manzoor, S., Safdar, A., & Zaheen, B. (2019). Propaganda Revisited: Understanding Propaganda in the Contemporary Communication Oriented World. Global Regional Review, IV(III), 317-324. https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-III).36

CHICAGO

    CHICAGO : Manzoor, Samia, Aasima Safdar, and Beenish Zaheen. 2019. "Propaganda Revisited: Understanding Propaganda in the Contemporary Communication Oriented World." Global Regional Review, IV (III): 317-324 doi: 10.31703/grr.2019(IV-III).36

HARVARD

    HARVARD : MANZOOR, S., SAFDAR, A. & ZAHEEN, B. 2019. Propaganda Revisited: Understanding Propaganda in the Contemporary Communication Oriented World. Global Regional Review, IV, 317-324.

MHRA

    MHRA : Manzoor, Samia, Aasima Safdar, and Beenish Zaheen. 2019. "Propaganda Revisited: Understanding Propaganda in the Contemporary Communication Oriented World." Global Regional Review, IV: 317-324

MLA

    MLA : Manzoor, Samia, Aasima Safdar, and Beenish Zaheen. "Propaganda Revisited: Understanding Propaganda in the Contemporary Communication Oriented World." Global Regional Review, IV.III (2019): 317-324 Print.

OXFORD

    OXFORD : Manzoor, Samia, Safdar, Aasima, and Zaheen, Beenish (2019), "Propaganda Revisited: Understanding Propaganda in the Contemporary Communication Oriented World", Global Regional Review, IV (III), 317-324

TURABIAN

    TURABIAN : Manzoor, Samia, Aasima Safdar, and Beenish Zaheen. "Propaganda Revisited: Understanding Propaganda in the Contemporary Communication Oriented World." Global Regional Review IV, no. III (2019): 317-324. https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-III).36