A Historical Review of Governance in Pakistan (1947-2012)
The present study attempts to make an understanding of the concept of governance and evaluation of its micromacro level of application on governance in Pakistan by using the model of McCawley theory 2005. In this article overall performance of governance regimes in the history of the country with the major focus on the administrative-economic results of their policies and decisions have been highlighted. Pakistans political stability, social development and industrial growth have always been victimized by its interest groups and elites. Pakistans weak political leaders always created a gap between civil and military bureaucracy and caused military regimes to rule the state. Today the countrys development is partial. The literacy rate is going better and active media have come up. Civil society has become assertive. The middle class is flourishing and Pakistanis are having the desire to have peace in the country.
-
Political, Governance, weakness, Military, Dominancy, Accountability
-
(1) Sajjad Ahmad
PhD Scholar,Department of Political Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan.
(2) Muqarrab Akbar
Professor,Department of Political Sciences,Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan.
- Advani Tells Pk to Roll Back India Policy or Else. (1998, May 18).Retrieved from https://m.rediff.com/news/1998/may/18advani.htm
- Akhtar. (2009). The Profile of Politicians and Military Persons
- Ali, S. S. (2003). Pakistan Issues of Government and Politics . Lahore: Haji Hanif Printers.
- Shah, A. (2014). The Army and Democracy Military Politics in Pakistan. India: Gopsons Papers Ltd.
- Baghel, C.L. (2006). Goog Governance Concept and Approaches. New Delhi: Kanishka Publisher,
- Burki, S. (n.d.). Pakistan's Economy Under Zia
- Campbel, D. R. (19963). Pakistan; Emerging Democracy, . New York: D.V. Nostrand Company.
- Cohen, S. P. (2004). Idea of Pakistan. New Delhi: Oxford University Press
- Dawn. (1990, 16, November). Karachi.
- Dawn. (1999, October 31). C.E. Order No.6 under the Provisional Constitutional Order, 1999. Karachi.
- Dawn. (2003, August 6). Nawaz Couldn't Have Impeached Me: Leghari. Karachi.
- Dawn. (2012, March 14). Akber Bugti Committed Suicide, Claims Musharraf. Karachi.
- Donald H. Chew JR. Sturat L. Gilla. (2005). Corporate Governance at the Crossroads. New Delhi: Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company Limited.
- Haq, R. & Zia, U. (2009). Does Governance Contribute to Pro-Poor and growth Evidence from Pakistan. Pakistan Institute of Development, Islamabad.
- Hussain, M. & Hussain, A. (1993). Pakistan Problems of Governance. New Dehli: Vanguard Book Pvt. Ltd.
- Kamran, T. (2008). Democracy and Governance in Pakistan. Journal of South Asia.
- Khan, H. (2001). Constitutional and Political History of Pakitan. UK: Oxford University Press.
- Khan, K. (1996, November 5). Bhutto out as Premier in Pakistan; President Charges Corruption, Dissolve National Assembly,. Washington Post. Pentagon, USA.
- Lallement, Z. (1985). Pakistan in the 80s Ideology, Regional, Economy, Foreign Policy. Lahore: Vanguard Book Pvt. Ltd.
- Leghari, I. f. (2009, July). (A. Islamabad, Interviewer)
- Lodhi, M. (2014). Pakistan Beyond the Crises State. Karachi: Oxford University Press.
- Malik, F. (1992). Pakistan Hakumat Aur Siasat. Lahore : Maktab Ilam-u-Adab.
- Mushahid, H., Akmal, H. (1993). Pakistan Problems of Governance. New Delhi: Vanguard Book Pvt. Ltd.
- Niaz, I. (2010). The Culture of Power and Governance of Pakistan, 1947-2008. Karachi: Oxford University, Press.
- Shehab, P.R. (1990). Fifty Years of Pakistan. Lahore: Maqbool Academy.
- Ravi, S., & Narain, S. (2009). The Military Factor in Pakistan. Karachi: Lancer Publishers.
- Rizvi, H. A. (1976). The Military and Politics in Pakistan . Lahore: Fisco Press Ferozepur Road, Ichhra.
- Shafqat, S. (1997). civil-Military Relations in Pakistan From Zulfikar Ali Bhutto To Benazir Bhutto. Lahore: WestviewPressPak Book Corporation.
- Shah, A. (2014). The Army and Democrcy Military Politics in Pakistan. London: Harvard University Press.
- Shehab, P. R. (1990). Fifty Years of Pakistan. Lahore: Maqbool Academy.
- Siddiqui, K. (2004). Megacity goernance in South Asia A Comparative study,. Dhaka: the University Press
- Wolpert, S. (2005). Encyclopedia of Pakistan. Karachi: Oxford University Press
- Talbot, I. (2012). Pakistan A New History. Karachi: Oxford University Press,.
- Talbot, I. (1999). Pakistan A Modern History. Lahore: Vanguard Book Pvt. Ltd.
- Tariq, L. G. (2008, December). Weekly Friday Times and Adviser in the Caretaker Government. (Najam Sethi, Interviewer)
- Ziring, L. (1997). Pakistan in the Twentieth Century A Political History. New Yory: Oxford University Press.
- Ziring, L. (1997). Pakistan in the Twentieth Century A Political History. Oxford university Press .
- Ziring, L. (2004). Pakistan At the Crosscurrent History. Lahore: Vanguard Books Ptv Ltd.
Cite this article
-
APA : Ahmad, S., & Akbar, M. (2019). A Historical Review of Governance in Pakistan (1947-2012). Global Regional Review, IV(I), 320-325. https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-I).34
-
CHICAGO : Ahmad, Sajjad, and Muqarrab Akbar. 2019. "A Historical Review of Governance in Pakistan (1947-2012)." Global Regional Review, IV (I): 320-325 doi: 10.31703/grr.2019(IV-I).34
-
HARVARD : AHMAD, S. & AKBAR, M. 2019. A Historical Review of Governance in Pakistan (1947-2012). Global Regional Review, IV, 320-325.
-
MHRA : Ahmad, Sajjad, and Muqarrab Akbar. 2019. "A Historical Review of Governance in Pakistan (1947-2012)." Global Regional Review, IV: 320-325
-
MLA : Ahmad, Sajjad, and Muqarrab Akbar. "A Historical Review of Governance in Pakistan (1947-2012)." Global Regional Review, IV.I (2019): 320-325 Print.
-
OXFORD : Ahmad, Sajjad and Akbar, Muqarrab (2019), "A Historical Review of Governance in Pakistan (1947-2012)", Global Regional Review, IV (I), 320-325
-
TURABIAN : Ahmad, Sajjad, and Muqarrab Akbar. "A Historical Review of Governance in Pakistan (1947-2012)." Global Regional Review IV, no. I (2019): 320-325. https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-I).34