GRR - Global Regional Review

THE INTERPLAY OF RHETORIC AND VOTING BEHAVIOR IN PAKISTAN THE PERSPECTIVE OF YOUTH

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2020(V-II).23 10.31703/grr.2020(V-II).23
Authored by : Shabnam Gul , Zainab Asif Dar , Kishwar Munir

23 Pages : 215-227

References

Abrar, M. (19th May, 2018). Anti-establishment' rhetoric comes back to bite PML-N. Pakistan Today. https://www.pakistantoday.com.pk/2018/05/19/anti-establishment-campaign-comes-back-to- bite-pml-n
Ahmed, M. (2008). Voting Behavior in rural and urban areas of Punjab. Journal of Political Science, 14, 45-55. http://pu.edu.pk/home/journal/6
Almond, G. A., & Verba, S. (1963). The civic culture: Political attitudes and democracy in five nations. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Almond, G. A., Powell, B., Strom, K., & Dalton, R. J. (2000). Comparative politics: a theoretical framework. Pearson Education.
Beale, C. (31st January, 2016). German police should shoot refugees, says leader of AfD party Frauke Petry. Independent. https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/german-police-should-shoot-refugees- says-german-party-leader-a6844611.html
Caulk, A, Jean. (2016). Trumpism: How agenda setting in the media drove a movement https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd/15275
Condor, S., Tileaga, C. And Billig, M. (2013) Political rhetoric. IN: Huddy, L., Sears, D.O. and Levy, J.S. (eds.) Oxford Handbook of Political Psychology. Oxford: Oxford University Press, Chapter 9, pp. 262- 300.
Farand, C. (5th February, 2017). Marine Le Pen launches presidential campaign with hardline speech. Independent. https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/marine-le-pen-front-national-speech- campaign-launch-islamic-fundamentalism-french-elections-a7564051.html
Faroqq, M. (April 21, 2018). Pakistan's mobile internet users stand at 21 percent of the population: Report. Pakistan Today. https://profit.pakistantoday.com.pk/2018/04/21/pakistans-mobile-internet-stand- at-21-percent-of-the-population-report/
Fortunato, J., & Martin, S. (2016). The Intersection of Agenda-Setting, the Media Environment, and Election Campaign Laws. Journal of Information Policy, 6, 129-153. doi:10.5325/jinfopoli.6.2016.0129
Guess, A., Nyhan, B., & Reifler, J. (2018). Selective Exposure to Misinformation: Evidence from the consumption of fake news during the 2016 US presidential campaign. European Research Council.
Hassan, Z. (17th April, 2017). Can PPP Withstand PML-N And PTI Development Rhetoric? Dunya News Blogs. http://blogs.dunyanews.tv/15556
Iqbal, A. (2015). Discourse Analysis of Prominent Politicians' Public Speeches: Pre and Post-Election 2013 Pakistan. Linguistics & Literature Review 1(1).
Jackson, B. (2009). The rhetoric of redistribution. In CALLAGHAN J., FISHMAN N., JACKSON B., & MCIVOR M. (Eds.), In Search of Social Democracy: Responses to Crisis and Modernization (pp. 233-251). Manchester: Manchester University Press. http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt1wn0s45.17
Jahangir, R. (14th May, 2017). The Politics of Hashtag Activism. Dawn. https://epaper.dawn.com/DetailImage.php?StoryImage=14_05_2017_525_001
Jamal, U. (6th May, 2018). Political rhetoric in election season. Pakistan Today. https://www.pakistantoday.com.pk/2018/05/06/political-rhetoric-in-election-season/
Jonathan, H. & Ben, R. (2017) Post-truth Politics, Bullshit and Bad Ideas: Ã¢Â€Â˜Deficit Fetishism' in the UK, New Political Economy, DOI: 10.1080/13563467.2017.1373757
Keane, J. (2013). Democracy and Media Decadence. Cambridge University Press.
Koch, A. (2014). Democracy and Virtual Politics. In De Landtsheer C., Farnen R., German D., Dekker H., SÃƒÂ¼nker H., Song Y., et al. (Eds.), E-Political Socialization, the Press and Politics: The Media and Government in the USA, Europe and China (pp. 303-318). Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang AG. http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv2t4csq.17
KrÃƒÂ¼ger, A. (2012). From Truth to Reconciliation: The Global Diffusion of Truth Commissions. In Schwelling B. (Ed.), Reconciliation, Civil Society, and the Politics of Memory: Transnational Initiatives in the 20th and 21st century (pp. 339-368). Bielefeld: Transcript Verlag. http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv1xxswv.14
McNair, B. (2003). An introduction to political communication. London: Routledge.
Mieder, W. (2005). Proverbs Are The Best Policy: Folk Wisdom And American Politics. Logan, Utah: University Press of Colorado. doi:10.2307/j.ctt4cgr04
Mushtaq, I., Abiodullah, M., & Akber, R. A. (2011). Political participation of the education in Pakistan. Journal of Elementary Education, 21 (1), 25-43.
Norris, P. (2000). A virtuous circle: Political communications in post-industrial societies. Cambridge University Press.
Paracha, NF. (27 May, 2018). Manifesto Truths. Dawn. https://www.dawn.com/news/1410279
Post-truth politics: Art of the lie. (Sep 10th 2016). The Economist. https://www.economist.com/leaders/2016/09/10/art-of-the-lie
Rehman, D. (April 29, 2018). Imran Khan presents 11-point agenda in PTI's historic rally at Minar-e-Pakistan. Daily Pakistan. https://en.dailypakistan.com.pk/headline/imran-khan-to-deliver-the-most- significant-speech-at-ptis-historic-rally-at-minar-e-pakistan/
Rolfe, M. (2014). Looking backwards to the future: The evolving tradition of ideal political rhetoric in Australia. In Uhr J. & Walter R. (Eds.), Studies in Australian Political Rhetoric (pp. 121-142). ANU Press. http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt13www0c.11
Ross, J. (7 December, 2017). Just how unique is the political rhetoric of the Donald Trump era? The Washington Post. https://www.economist.com/news/leaders/21706525-politicians-have-always-lied-does-it- matter-if-they-leave-truth-behind-entirely-art
Shafiq, M., Sultana, R., and Munir, Muahmmad. (2017). Political Rhetoric; Slogan Politics in Pakistan and Role of Parliament. FWU Journal of Social Sciences, Winter 2017, 11(2), 26-38.
Shahzad, T. (31st August, 2017). Rhetoric and reality. The News. https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/227180- Rhetoric-and-reality
Soon, D. (2009). From Political Rhetoric to National History: Bi-Culturalism and Hybridisation in the Construction of Singapore's Historical Narrative. In Heng D. & Aljunied S. (Eds.), Reframing Singapore: Memory - Identity - Trans-Regionalism (pp. 21-38). Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press.
Talbot, I. (2012). Pakistan: A Modern History. OUP.
Thimm, C., EinspÃƒÂ¤nner-Pflock, J., & Anastasiadis, M. (2016). Twitter during the 2014 European Elections in Germany - Analyzing politicians' campaigning strategies. In Thimm C., Frame A., Mercier A., & Brachotte G. (Eds.), Tweets from the Campaign Trail: Researching Candidates' Use of Twitter During the European Parliamentary Elections (pp. 197-222). Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang AG. http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv2t4cr7.12
Thomson, M. (27th August, 2016). From Trump to Brexit rhetoric: how today's politicians have got away with words. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/books/2016/aug/27/from-trump-to-brexit- rhetoric-how-todays-politicians-have-got-away-with-words
Tkacheva, O., Schwartz, L., Libicki, M., Taylor, J., Martini, J., & Baxter, C. (2013). The Internet and Political Process in Different Regimes. In Internet Freedom and Political Space (pp. 17-42). Santa Monica, Ca; Washington, Dc; Pittsburgh, Pa; New Orleans, La; Jackson, Ms; Boston, Ma; Doha, Qa; Cambridge, Uk; Brussels, Be: Rand Corporation. http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.7249/j.ctt4cgd90.9
Kim, Y. M., Hsu, J., Neiman, D., Kou, C., Bankston, L., Kim, S. Y., . . . Raskutti, G. (2018) The Stealth Media? Groups and Targets behind Divisive Issue Campaigns on Facebook, Political Communication, DOI: 10.1080/10584609.2018.1476425
Zurcher, A. (7th February, 2017). What Trump team has said about Islam. BBC News. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-38886496

References

Abrar, M. (19th May, 2018). Anti-establishment' rhetoric comes back to bite PML-N. Pakistan Today. https://www.pakistantoday.com.pk/2018/05/19/anti-establishment-campaign-comes-back-to- bite-pml-n
Ahmed, M. (2008). Voting Behavior in rural and urban areas of Punjab. Journal of Political Science, 14, 45-55. http://pu.edu.pk/home/journal/6
Almond, G. A., & Verba, S. (1963). The civic culture: Political attitudes and democracy in five nations. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Almond, G. A., Powell, B., Strom, K., & Dalton, R. J. (2000). Comparative politics: a theoretical framework. Pearson Education.
Beale, C. (31st January, 2016). German police should shoot refugees, says leader of AfD party Frauke Petry. Independent. https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/german-police-should-shoot-refugees- says-german-party-leader-a6844611.html
Caulk, A, Jean. (2016). Trumpism: How agenda setting in the media drove a movement https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd/15275
Condor, S., Tileaga, C. And Billig, M. (2013) Political rhetoric. IN: Huddy, L., Sears, D.O. and Levy, J.S. (eds.) Oxford Handbook of Political Psychology. Oxford: Oxford University Press, Chapter 9, pp. 262- 300.
Farand, C. (5th February, 2017). Marine Le Pen launches presidential campaign with hardline speech. Independent. https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/marine-le-pen-front-national-speech- campaign-launch-islamic-fundamentalism-french-elections-a7564051.html
Faroqq, M. (April 21, 2018). Pakistan's mobile internet users stand at 21 percent of the population: Report. Pakistan Today. https://profit.pakistantoday.com.pk/2018/04/21/pakistans-mobile-internet-stand- at-21-percent-of-the-population-report/
Fortunato, J., & Martin, S. (2016). The Intersection of Agenda-Setting, the Media Environment, and Election Campaign Laws. Journal of Information Policy, 6, 129-153. doi:10.5325/jinfopoli.6.2016.0129
Guess, A., Nyhan, B., & Reifler, J. (2018). Selective Exposure to Misinformation: Evidence from the consumption of fake news during the 2016 US presidential campaign. European Research Council.
Hassan, Z. (17th April, 2017). Can PPP Withstand PML-N And PTI Development Rhetoric? Dunya News Blogs. http://blogs.dunyanews.tv/15556
Iqbal, A. (2015). Discourse Analysis of Prominent Politicians' Public Speeches: Pre and Post-Election 2013 Pakistan. Linguistics & Literature Review 1(1).
Jackson, B. (2009). The rhetoric of redistribution. In CALLAGHAN J., FISHMAN N., JACKSON B., & MCIVOR M. (Eds.), In Search of Social Democracy: Responses to Crisis and Modernization (pp. 233-251). Manchester: Manchester University Press. http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt1wn0s45.17
Jahangir, R. (14th May, 2017). The Politics of Hashtag Activism. Dawn. https://epaper.dawn.com/DetailImage.php?StoryImage=14_05_2017_525_001
Jamal, U. (6th May, 2018). Political rhetoric in election season. Pakistan Today. https://www.pakistantoday.com.pk/2018/05/06/political-rhetoric-in-election-season/
Jonathan, H. & Ben, R. (2017) Post-truth Politics, Bullshit and Bad Ideas: Ã¢Â€Â˜Deficit Fetishism' in the UK, New Political Economy, DOI: 10.1080/13563467.2017.1373757
Keane, J. (2013). Democracy and Media Decadence. Cambridge University Press.
Koch, A. (2014). Democracy and Virtual Politics. In De Landtsheer C., Farnen R., German D., Dekker H., SÃƒÂ¼nker H., Song Y., et al. (Eds.), E-Political Socialization, the Press and Politics: The Media and Government in the USA, Europe and China (pp. 303-318). Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang AG. http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv2t4csq.17
KrÃƒÂ¼ger, A. (2012). From Truth to Reconciliation: The Global Diffusion of Truth Commissions. In Schwelling B. (Ed.), Reconciliation, Civil Society, and the Politics of Memory: Transnational Initiatives in the 20th and 21st century (pp. 339-368). Bielefeld: Transcript Verlag. http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv1xxswv.14
McNair, B. (2003). An introduction to political communication. London: Routledge.
Mieder, W. (2005). Proverbs Are The Best Policy: Folk Wisdom And American Politics. Logan, Utah: University Press of Colorado. doi:10.2307/j.ctt4cgr04
Mushtaq, I., Abiodullah, M., & Akber, R. A. (2011). Political participation of the education in Pakistan. Journal of Elementary Education, 21 (1), 25-43.
Norris, P. (2000). A virtuous circle: Political communications in post-industrial societies. Cambridge University Press.
Paracha, NF. (27 May, 2018). Manifesto Truths. Dawn. https://www.dawn.com/news/1410279
Post-truth politics: Art of the lie. (Sep 10th 2016). The Economist. https://www.economist.com/leaders/2016/09/10/art-of-the-lie
Rehman, D. (April 29, 2018). Imran Khan presents 11-point agenda in PTI's historic rally at Minar-e-Pakistan. Daily Pakistan. https://en.dailypakistan.com.pk/headline/imran-khan-to-deliver-the-most- significant-speech-at-ptis-historic-rally-at-minar-e-pakistan/
Rolfe, M. (2014). Looking backwards to the future: The evolving tradition of ideal political rhetoric in Australia. In Uhr J. & Walter R. (Eds.), Studies in Australian Political Rhetoric (pp. 121-142). ANU Press. http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt13www0c.11
Ross, J. (7 December, 2017). Just how unique is the political rhetoric of the Donald Trump era? The Washington Post. https://www.economist.com/news/leaders/21706525-politicians-have-always-lied-does-it- matter-if-they-leave-truth-behind-entirely-art
Shafiq, M., Sultana, R., and Munir, Muahmmad. (2017). Political Rhetoric; Slogan Politics in Pakistan and Role of Parliament. FWU Journal of Social Sciences, Winter 2017, 11(2), 26-38.
Shahzad, T. (31st August, 2017). Rhetoric and reality. The News. https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/227180- Rhetoric-and-reality
Soon, D. (2009). From Political Rhetoric to National History: Bi-Culturalism and Hybridisation in the Construction of Singapore's Historical Narrative. In Heng D. & Aljunied S. (Eds.), Reframing Singapore: Memory - Identity - Trans-Regionalism (pp. 21-38). Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press.
Talbot, I. (2012). Pakistan: A Modern History. OUP.
Thimm, C., EinspÃƒÂ¤nner-Pflock, J., & Anastasiadis, M. (2016). Twitter during the 2014 European Elections in Germany - Analyzing politicians' campaigning strategies. In Thimm C., Frame A., Mercier A., & Brachotte G. (Eds.), Tweets from the Campaign Trail: Researching Candidates' Use of Twitter During the European Parliamentary Elections (pp. 197-222). Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang AG. http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv2t4cr7.12
Thomson, M. (27th August, 2016). From Trump to Brexit rhetoric: how today's politicians have got away with words. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/books/2016/aug/27/from-trump-to-brexit- rhetoric-how-todays-politicians-have-got-away-with-words
Tkacheva, O., Schwartz, L., Libicki, M., Taylor, J., Martini, J., & Baxter, C. (2013). The Internet and Political Process in Different Regimes. In Internet Freedom and Political Space (pp. 17-42). Santa Monica, Ca; Washington, Dc; Pittsburgh, Pa; New Orleans, La; Jackson, Ms; Boston, Ma; Doha, Qa; Cambridge, Uk; Brussels, Be: Rand Corporation. http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.7249/j.ctt4cgd90.9
Kim, Y. M., Hsu, J., Neiman, D., Kou, C., Bankston, L., Kim, S. Y., . . . Raskutti, G. (2018) The Stealth Media? Groups and Targets behind Divisive Issue Campaigns on Facebook, Political Communication, DOI: 10.1080/10584609.2018.1476425
Zurcher, A. (7th February, 2017). What Trump team has said about Islam. BBC News. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-38886496