References
- Abbas, H. (2014). The Taliban Revival: Violence and Extremism on the Pakistan-Afghan Frontier. New York and London: Yale University Press, p. 55.
- Afghan Task Force, (1980). Afghanistan: Soviet Invasion and US response. The Library of Congress.
- Ahmadi, M., Yusufi, M., & Fazliddin, N. (2021, July 28). Exclusive: Taliban Puts Tajik Militants Partially In Charge Of Afghanistan's Northern Border. RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty. https://www.rferl.org/a/taliban-tajik- militants-border/31380071.html
- Ahmed, I. (2013). The Pakistan Garrison State: Origins, Evolution, Consequences (1947- 2011). Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 274-275
- BBC (2021a). Kabul airport attack: What do we know?, https://www.bbc.com/news/world- asia-58349010.
- BBC (2021c). Thousands of civilians in Afghanistan and Pakistan have died in the conflict, 2001-21. https://www.bbc.com/news/world- asia-49192495
- BBC News. (2021b). Taliban are back - what next for Afghanistan? https://www.bbc.com/news/world- asia-49192495
- BBC Urdu. (2021). Report on Taliban and other groups in Afghanistan, https://www.bbc.com/urdu/regional- 58686961.
- Bearden, M. (2001). Afghanistan, Graveyard of Empires. Foreign Affairs, 80(6), 17-30. https://doi.org/10.2307/20050325.
- Bengali, K. (2021, September 27). The Afghanistan debate. The News International. https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/89 5541-the-afghanistan-debate.
- Buzan, B. & Waever, O. (2003) Regions and Powers: The Structure of International Security. Cambridge University Press, 490.
- Byrd, W. (2021). After Taliban Takeover, Can Afghanistan's Economy Survive? United States Institute of Peace. https://www.usip.org/publications/2021/09/after-taliban-takeover-can- afghanistans-economy-survive.
- Carter, J (1980). Address to the Nation on the Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan. http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/index. php.
- Collins, J. (2009). Understanding the War in Afghanistan. Washington: National Defence University Press, p. 36.
- Council on Foreign Relations (2022). War in Afghanistan, https://www.cfr.org/global-conflict- tracker/conflict/war-afghanistan
- Dawn (2021b). Explainer: Can the Taliban suppress the potent IS threat? https://www.dawn.com/news/1651600 /explainer-can-the-taliban-suppress- the-potent-is-threat.
- Dawn (2021a) ‘At least 55 killed, scores injured in suicide attack at mosque in Afghanistan's Kunduz. https://www.dawn.com/news/1650836.
- Dawn (2021c). Wait-and-see approach' on Afghanistan tantamount to world abandoning it: Moeed. https://www.dawn.com/news/1650669.
- Dawn (2021d). PM sees civil war if Taliban fail to form inclusive government in Afghanistan. https://www.dawn.com/news/1647706/ pm-sees-civil-war-if-taliban-fail-to- form-inclusive-govt-in-afghanistan
- Dawn (2021e). Aid for Afghanistan, https://www.dawn.com/news/1650952.
- Dawn (2021f). China hopes Afghan Taliban will crack down on East Turkestan Islamic Movement, https://www.dawn.com/news/1637419.
- Feifer, G. (2009) The Great Gamble, The Soviet War in Afghanistan. New York: Harper Collin Publisher, p. 261.
- Fergusson, J., & Hughes, R. G. (2019). ‘Graveyard of empires': geopolitics, war and the tragedy of Afghanistan. Intelligence and National Security, 34(7), 1070-1084. https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2019. 1571695.
- Galeotti, M. (1995). Afghanistan: The Soviet Union's Last War. Oregon: Frank Cass.
- Haider, E. (2022, January 4). REGION: CROSSING THE LINE. DAWN.COM. https://www.dawn.com/news/1667198.
- Karim, U. (2021). The Taliban Takeover in Afghanistan: Opportunities and Challenges for Pakistan. Royal United Services Institute. https://rusi.org/explore-our- research/publications/commentary/tali ban-takeover-afghanistan- opportunities-and-challenges- pakistan/
- Khan, I. (2021, September 27). Imran Khan: Don't blame Pakistan for the outcome of the war in Afghanistan. Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/opin ions/2021/09/27/dont-blame-pakistan- outcome-war-afghanistan/.
- Lucas, S. (2021, September 6). Afghanistan: the warlords who will decide whether civil war is likely. The Conversation. https://theconversation.com/afghanista n-the-warlords-who-will-decide- whether-civil-war-is-likely-167380.
- Mehra, T & Wentworth, M. (2021). The Rise of the Taliban in Afghanistan: Regional Responses and Security Threats. ICCT. https://icct.nl/publication/the-rise-of- the-taliban-in-afghanistan-regional- responses-and-security-threats/
- Mellen, R. & Ledur, J. (2022). Afghanistan faces widespread hunger amid worsening humanitarian crisis. The Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/worl d/2022/01/24/afghanistan- humanitarian-crisis-hunger/.
- Miakhel, S. (2021). Governing Will Be the Hard Part. Afghan Issues Paper, https://www.usip.org/sites/default/files /Afghan-Issues-Paper_For-Taliban- Governing-Will-Be-Hard-Part.pdf.
- Miller, M. (2021). Pakistan's Support for the Taliban: What to Know. Council on Foreign Relations. https://www.cfr.org/article/pakistans- support-taliban-what-know.
- Misdaq, N. (2006). Afghanistan, Political Frailty and External Interference. Oxon: Routledge Taylor and Francis Group, p. 167.
- Newsweek. (2009). The Timeline of U.S. Aid to Pakistan, https://www.newsweek.com/timeline- us-aid-pakistan-81153
- Ottaway, D. (1988). Agreement on Afghanistan Signed in Geneva, The Washington Post, https://www.washingtonpost.com/archi ve/politics/1988/04/15/agreement-on- afghanistan-signed-in- geneva/c7288c64-6764-4e73-9bc5- 7eeb48f7827d/
- Rais, R. (1993). Afghanistan and the Regional Powers, Asian Survey, 33(9), 905-922.
- Rana, A. (2021). Concerns of proxy wars. https://www.dawn.com/news/1647180/ concerns-of-proxy-wars.
- Rashid, A. (2001) Taliban: Militant Islam, Oil, Fundamentalism in Central Asia. London: Yale University Press, p. 18.
- Riedel, B. (2013). Avoiding Armageddon: American, India and Pakistan to the Brink and Back. Washington DC: Brookings Institution Press, p.95.
- Roy, K. (2016). Great Mughals, Warfare and COIN in Afghanistan, 1520-1707.
- Rubin, B. (1995) The Search For Peace in Afghanistan: From Buffer State to Failed State. Haven: Yale University Press.
- Rubin, B. (2013) Afghanistan from the Cold War through the War on Terror . New York: Oxford University Press, p. 43.
- Shah, A. (2021, August 31). How Will the Taliban Deal With Other Islamic Extremist Groups? Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. https://carnegieendowment.org/2021/0 8/31/how-will-taliban-deal-with- other-islamic-extremist-groups-pub- 85239.
- Shear et al. (2021) Miscue after Miscue, the U.S.'s Afghanistan Exit Plan Unravels. The New York Times, https://www.nytimes.com/2021/08/21/ us/politics/biden-taliban-afghanistan- kabul.html.
- Sunawar, L. (2019). Regional Security Complex Theory: A Case Study of Afghanistan-Testing the Alliance', JSSA, 4(2), 53-78.
- Tanner, S. (2002). Afghanistan: A Military History from Alexander the Great to the Fall of the Taliban. USA: Da Capo Press p. 273.
- White, J. T. (2022, March 9). Nonstate threats in the Taliban's Afghanistan. Brookings. https://www.brookings.edu/blog/order -from-chaos/2022/02/01/nonstate- threats-in-the-talibans-afghanistan/
- Yousafzai, S. (2013, February 12). Mullah Najibullah: Too Radical for the Taliban. Newsweek. https://www.newsweek.com/2013/08/ 30/mullah-najibullah-too-radical- taliban-237894.htm
- Yousafzai, S. (2021). Mullah Baradar, Haqqani dispel rumours of Taliban rifts. https://tribune.com.pk/story/2320508/ mullah-baradar-anas-haqqani-dispel- rumours-of-taliban-rifts
- Yusufzai, R. (2018) 16 Years of US Presence in Afghanistan: Objectives, Strategies and Emerging Scenario. Policy Perspectives, 15( 1), 139-153.
- Zia, M. (2000). An Analysis of Peacebuilding Approaches in Afghanistan. Asia Society. https://asiasociety.org/analysis- peacebuilding-approaches-afghanistan.
- Abbas, H. (2014). The Taliban Revival: Violence and Extremism on the Pakistan-Afghan Frontier. New York and London: Yale University Press, p. 55.
- Afghan Task Force, (1980). Afghanistan: Soviet Invasion and US response. The Library of Congress.
- Ahmadi, M., Yusufi, M., & Fazliddin, N. (2021, July 28). Exclusive: Taliban Puts Tajik Militants Partially In Charge Of Afghanistan's Northern Border. RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty. https://www.rferl.org/a/taliban-tajik- militants-border/31380071.html
- Ahmed, I. (2013). The Pakistan Garrison State: Origins, Evolution, Consequences (1947- 2011). Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 274-275
- BBC (2021a). Kabul airport attack: What do we know?, https://www.bbc.com/news/world- asia-58349010.
- BBC (2021c). Thousands of civilians in Afghanistan and Pakistan have died in the conflict, 2001-21. https://www.bbc.com/news/world- asia-49192495
- BBC News. (2021b). Taliban are back - what next for Afghanistan? https://www.bbc.com/news/world- asia-49192495
- BBC Urdu. (2021). Report on Taliban and other groups in Afghanistan, https://www.bbc.com/urdu/regional- 58686961.
- Bearden, M. (2001). Afghanistan, Graveyard of Empires. Foreign Affairs, 80(6), 17-30. https://doi.org/10.2307/20050325.
- Bengali, K. (2021, September 27). The Afghanistan debate. The News International. https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/89 5541-the-afghanistan-debate.
- Buzan, B. & Waever, O. (2003) Regions and Powers: The Structure of International Security. Cambridge University Press, 490.
- Byrd, W. (2021). After Taliban Takeover, Can Afghanistan's Economy Survive? United States Institute of Peace. https://www.usip.org/publications/2021/09/after-taliban-takeover-can- afghanistans-economy-survive.
- Carter, J (1980). Address to the Nation on the Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan. http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/index. php.
- Collins, J. (2009). Understanding the War in Afghanistan. Washington: National Defence University Press, p. 36.
- Council on Foreign Relations (2022). War in Afghanistan, https://www.cfr.org/global-conflict- tracker/conflict/war-afghanistan
- Dawn (2021b). Explainer: Can the Taliban suppress the potent IS threat? https://www.dawn.com/news/1651600 /explainer-can-the-taliban-suppress- the-potent-is-threat.
- Dawn (2021a) ‘At least 55 killed, scores injured in suicide attack at mosque in Afghanistan's Kunduz. https://www.dawn.com/news/1650836.
- Dawn (2021c). Wait-and-see approach' on Afghanistan tantamount to world abandoning it: Moeed. https://www.dawn.com/news/1650669.
- Dawn (2021d). PM sees civil war if Taliban fail to form inclusive government in Afghanistan. https://www.dawn.com/news/1647706/ pm-sees-civil-war-if-taliban-fail-to- form-inclusive-govt-in-afghanistan
- Dawn (2021e). Aid for Afghanistan, https://www.dawn.com/news/1650952.
- Dawn (2021f). China hopes Afghan Taliban will crack down on East Turkestan Islamic Movement, https://www.dawn.com/news/1637419.
- Feifer, G. (2009) The Great Gamble, The Soviet War in Afghanistan. New York: Harper Collin Publisher, p. 261.
- Fergusson, J., & Hughes, R. G. (2019). ‘Graveyard of empires': geopolitics, war and the tragedy of Afghanistan. Intelligence and National Security, 34(7), 1070-1084. https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2019. 1571695.
- Galeotti, M. (1995). Afghanistan: The Soviet Union's Last War. Oregon: Frank Cass.
- Haider, E. (2022, January 4). REGION: CROSSING THE LINE. DAWN.COM. https://www.dawn.com/news/1667198.
- Karim, U. (2021). The Taliban Takeover in Afghanistan: Opportunities and Challenges for Pakistan. Royal United Services Institute. https://rusi.org/explore-our- research/publications/commentary/tali ban-takeover-afghanistan- opportunities-and-challenges- pakistan/
- Khan, I. (2021, September 27). Imran Khan: Don't blame Pakistan for the outcome of the war in Afghanistan. Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/opin ions/2021/09/27/dont-blame-pakistan- outcome-war-afghanistan/.
- Lucas, S. (2021, September 6). Afghanistan: the warlords who will decide whether civil war is likely. The Conversation. https://theconversation.com/afghanista n-the-warlords-who-will-decide- whether-civil-war-is-likely-167380.
- Mehra, T & Wentworth, M. (2021). The Rise of the Taliban in Afghanistan: Regional Responses and Security Threats. ICCT. https://icct.nl/publication/the-rise-of- the-taliban-in-afghanistan-regional- responses-and-security-threats/
- Mellen, R. & Ledur, J. (2022). Afghanistan faces widespread hunger amid worsening humanitarian crisis. The Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/worl d/2022/01/24/afghanistan- humanitarian-crisis-hunger/.
- Miakhel, S. (2021). Governing Will Be the Hard Part. Afghan Issues Paper, https://www.usip.org/sites/default/files /Afghan-Issues-Paper_For-Taliban- Governing-Will-Be-Hard-Part.pdf.
- Miller, M. (2021). Pakistan's Support for the Taliban: What to Know. Council on Foreign Relations. https://www.cfr.org/article/pakistans- support-taliban-what-know.
- Misdaq, N. (2006). Afghanistan, Political Frailty and External Interference. Oxon: Routledge Taylor and Francis Group, p. 167.
- Newsweek. (2009). The Timeline of U.S. Aid to Pakistan, https://www.newsweek.com/timeline- us-aid-pakistan-81153
- Ottaway, D. (1988). Agreement on Afghanistan Signed in Geneva, The Washington Post, https://www.washingtonpost.com/archi ve/politics/1988/04/15/agreement-on- afghanistan-signed-in- geneva/c7288c64-6764-4e73-9bc5- 7eeb48f7827d/
- Rais, R. (1993). Afghanistan and the Regional Powers, Asian Survey, 33(9), 905-922.
- Rana, A. (2021). Concerns of proxy wars. https://www.dawn.com/news/1647180/ concerns-of-proxy-wars.
- Rashid, A. (2001) Taliban: Militant Islam, Oil, Fundamentalism in Central Asia. London: Yale University Press, p. 18.
- Riedel, B. (2013). Avoiding Armageddon: American, India and Pakistan to the Brink and Back. Washington DC: Brookings Institution Press, p.95.
- Roy, K. (2016). Great Mughals, Warfare and COIN in Afghanistan, 1520-1707.
- Rubin, B. (1995) The Search For Peace in Afghanistan: From Buffer State to Failed State. Haven: Yale University Press.
- Rubin, B. (2013) Afghanistan from the Cold War through the War on Terror . New York: Oxford University Press, p. 43.
- Shah, A. (2021, August 31). How Will the Taliban Deal With Other Islamic Extremist Groups? Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. https://carnegieendowment.org/2021/0 8/31/how-will-taliban-deal-with- other-islamic-extremist-groups-pub- 85239.
- Shear et al. (2021) Miscue after Miscue, the U.S.'s Afghanistan Exit Plan Unravels. The New York Times, https://www.nytimes.com/2021/08/21/ us/politics/biden-taliban-afghanistan- kabul.html.
- Sunawar, L. (2019). Regional Security Complex Theory: A Case Study of Afghanistan-Testing the Alliance', JSSA, 4(2), 53-78.
- Tanner, S. (2002). Afghanistan: A Military History from Alexander the Great to the Fall of the Taliban. USA: Da Capo Press p. 273.
- White, J. T. (2022, March 9). Nonstate threats in the Taliban's Afghanistan. Brookings. https://www.brookings.edu/blog/order -from-chaos/2022/02/01/nonstate- threats-in-the-talibans-afghanistan/
- Yousafzai, S. (2013, February 12). Mullah Najibullah: Too Radical for the Taliban. Newsweek. https://www.newsweek.com/2013/08/ 30/mullah-najibullah-too-radical- taliban-237894.htm
- Yousafzai, S. (2021). Mullah Baradar, Haqqani dispel rumours of Taliban rifts. https://tribune.com.pk/story/2320508/ mullah-baradar-anas-haqqani-dispel- rumours-of-taliban-rifts
- Yusufzai, R. (2018) 16 Years of US Presence in Afghanistan: Objectives, Strategies and Emerging Scenario. Policy Perspectives, 15( 1), 139-153.
- Zia, M. (2000). An Analysis of Peacebuilding Approaches in Afghanistan. Asia Society. https://asiasociety.org/analysis- peacebuilding-approaches-afghanistan.
Cite this article
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APA : Khan, A. (2022). Current Afghanistan Crisis: The Impact of External Factors on Internal Crisis. Global Regional Review, VII(I), 118 - 129 . https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2022(VII-I).13
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CHICAGO : Khan, Alamgir. 2022. "Current Afghanistan Crisis: The Impact of External Factors on Internal Crisis." Global Regional Review, VII (I): 118 - 129 doi: 10.31703/grr.2022(VII-I).13
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HARVARD : KHAN, A. 2022. Current Afghanistan Crisis: The Impact of External Factors on Internal Crisis. Global Regional Review, VII, 118 - 129 .
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MHRA : Khan, Alamgir. 2022. "Current Afghanistan Crisis: The Impact of External Factors on Internal Crisis." Global Regional Review, VII: 118 - 129
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MLA : Khan, Alamgir. "Current Afghanistan Crisis: The Impact of External Factors on Internal Crisis." Global Regional Review, VII.I (2022): 118 - 129 Print.
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OXFORD : Khan, Alamgir (2022), "Current Afghanistan Crisis: The Impact of External Factors on Internal Crisis", Global Regional Review, VII (I), 118 - 129
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TURABIAN : Khan, Alamgir. "Current Afghanistan Crisis: The Impact of External Factors on Internal Crisis." Global Regional Review VII, no. I (2022): 118 - 129 . https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2022(VII-I).13